Chapter 1Food Chains, Food

Webs, and the Transfer of Energy

NOTEBOOK

Table of Contents:4. Energy Transfer in Food Chains Lab 9/7(A)/8(B)/16

Assignment Page:Wednesday/Thursday, September 7/8, 2016

Energy Transfer LabAgenda:1. Finish “Identify the Controls & Variables”2. Energy Transfer in Food Chains LabReminders:1. HW 3: Due 9/11/16 @ 11:55pm

NOTEBOOK

Table of Contents:5. Ecological Pyramids 9/8(A)/9(B)/16

Assignment Page:Friday/Monday, September 8/9, 2016

Ecological PyramidsAgenda:1. Discuss “Energy Transfer in Food Chains Lab”2. Ecological PyramidsReminders:1. HW 3: Due 9/11/16 @ 11:55pm

NOTEBOOK

Assignment Page (cont):Friday/Monday, September 8/9, 2016

Ecological PyramidsObjectives:1. Trace and calculate the flow of energy through an

energy pyramid.2. Justify why ecosystems can only sustain a certain

number of trophic levels.3. Explain why pyramids of number and biomass are not

always a pyramid shape and why pyramids of biomass are a more accurate representation of ecological relationships.

POGIL 4: Ecological Pyramids

1. Groups of 5 or 6a. The manager actively participates, keeps the team focused on the task,

distributes work and responsibilities, resolves disputes, and assures that all members participate and understand.

b. The spokesperson (or presenter) actively participates and presents reports and discussion to the class.

c. The timekeeper actively participates, keeps team focused on task, makes sure that team is completing each section in the allotted time.

d. The strategy analyst (or reflector) actively participates, identifies strategies and methods for problem solving, identifies what the team is doing well and what needs improvement in consultation with the others, and prepares a report in consultation with the others

e. The communicator actively participates, assesses progress of team, communicates with instructor to indicate status of team (needs help, finished, working)

f. The recorder actively participates, makes final decision on how the group will record their findings.

NotesAutotrophs:● A group of organisms that use the energy in

sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose (food)

● Also called producers because they produce all of the food that heterotrophs use○ Examples: Plants & Algae

NotesAutotrophs:

NotesHeterotrophs:● Organisms that do not make their own food● Also called consumers because they

consume other organisms in order to live.○ Examples: Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms

NotesHeterotrophs:

NotesHeterotrophs:● Consumers:

1. Scavengers/Detritivores - feed on the tissue of dead organisms (both plants and animals)■ Examples: Vultures, Crows, Shrimp

NotesHeterotrophs:● Consumers:

2. Herbivores - eat ONLY plants■ Examples: Cows, Elephants, Giraffes

NotesHeterotrophs:● Consumers:

3. Carnivores - eat ONLY meat■ Examples: Lions, Tigers, Sharks

NotesHeterotrophs:● Consumers:

4. Omnivores - eat BOTH plants and animals■ Examples: Bears, Humans

NotesHeterotrophs:● Consumers:

5. Decomposers - absorb any dead material and break it down into simple nutrients or fertilizers■ Examples: Bacteria and Mushrooms

NotesTrophic Levels● Each step in this transfer of energy is known

as a trophic level○ The main trophic levels are producers,

consumers, and decomposers

NotesFood Chains● The energy flow from one trophic level tot he

other is known as a food chain.● It involves one organism at each trophic

level○ Primary Consumers - eat autotrophs (producers)○ Secondary Consumers - eat the primary

consumers○ Tertiary Consumers - eat the secondary

consumers○ Decomposers - bacteria and fungi that break

down dead organisms and recycle the material back into the environment.

Notes

● Notice the direction the arrow points → ● The arrow points in the direction of the energy

transfer, NOT “what ate what”

NotesFood Web● Most organisms eat more than JUST one

organism● Food webs are more complex and involve

lots of organisms

NotesFood Web

● Notice the direction the arrow points ➤The arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer, NOT “what ate what”

NotesFood Web● Notice the direction the arrow points → The

arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer, NOT “what ate what”

https://webertube.com/video/29912/crash-course-biology--links-in-the-chain OR…https://webertube.com/video/29914/fabulous-food-chains