IUCN Publications New Series No. 27

1973 United Nations Listof

National Parksand

Equivalent Reserves

Prepared by the Secretariat of IUCNwith the advice and guidance of the

IUCN International Commission on National Parks

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources1110 Morges, Switzerland

1973

1948

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN) is an independent international body, formed in 1948, which has itsheadquarters in Morges, Switzerland. It is a Union of sovereign states, govern-ment agencies and non-governmental organizations concerned with the initia-tion and promotion of scientifically-based action that will ensure perpetuation ofthe living world - man's natural environment - and the natural resources onwhich all living things depend, not only for their intrinsic cultural or scientificvalues but also for the long-term economic and social welfare of mankind.This objective can be achieved through active conservation programmes for thewise use of natural resources based on scientific principles. IUCN believes thatits aims can be achieved most effectively by international effort in cooperationwith other international agencies, such as Unesco and FAO.The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an international charitable organizationdedicated to saving the world's wildlife and wild places, carrying out the widevariety of programmes and actions that this entails. WWF was established in1961 under Swiss law, with headquarters also in Morges.Since 1961, IUCN has enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with its sister organiza-tion, the World Wildlife Fund, with which it works closely throughout the worldon projects of mutual interest. IUCN and WWF now jointly operate the variousprojects originated by, or submitted to them.The projects cover a very wide range from environmental policy and planning,environmental law, education, ecological studies and surveys, to the establish-ment and management of areas as national parks and reserves and emergencyprogrammes for the safeguarding of animal and plant species threatened withextinction as well as support for certain key international conservation bodies.WWF fund-raising and publicity activities are mainly carried out by NationalAppeals in a number of countries, and its international governing body is madeup of prominent personalities in many fields.

1973 United Nations Listof

National Parksand

Equivalent Reserves

Prepared by the Secretariat of IUCNwith the advice and guidance of the

IUCN International Commission on National Parks

Published with the financial assistance of UNESCO

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources1110 Morges, Switzerland

1973

ContentsForewordIntroductionCriteria for selectionProtected ZonesDefinition of National ParkUN List of National Nature ReservesUN List of National Parks and Related ReservesUN List of Provincial Parks

347

1014151844

Copyright © 1973International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

ForewordThe United Nations List of National Parks and Equivalent Reserves is compiledby IUCN at the request of the United Nations.The present volume, which inaugurates a new format, is a continuation of thepioneering work of Dr. Jean-Paul Harroy, Professor at the University of Brussels,and former Chairman of IUCN's International Commission on National Parks(ICNP),who was responsible for Part II of the First Edition and for the SecondEdition (French and English versions) of the UN List, as well as the Addendumto the English version of the Second Edition.The information in the 1973 List is based on that of the English version of theSecond Edition of the List and its Addendum, published by Hayez, Brussels, in1971 and 1972, covering data available to 30 June 1972. The 1973 List has beenprepared by the Secretariat of IUCN with the advice and guidance of ICNP.Selection of protected areas for inclusion in the List was carried out by a SelectionPanel consisting of Mr. J. I. Nicol (Canada), Chairman of ICNP, Mr. KaiCurry-Lindahl (Unesco), Dr. Raymond F. Dasmann (IUCN Secretariat),Professor Jean-Paul Harroy (Belgium), Mr. P. H. C. Lucas (New Zealand),and Dr. Kenton R. Miller (FAO).

3

IntroductionThis List has been drawn up at the request of the United Nations and in keepingwith Resolution 713 of the twenty-seventh session of the Economic and SocialCouncil held in 1959, which recognized National Parks and Equivalent Reservesas an important factor in the wise use of natural resources.The background to the ECOSOC decision and subsequent endorsement ofspecific lists is given in the introductory pages of the English version of theSecond Edition of the "United Nations List of National Parks and EquivalentReserves" prepared by IUCN and published by Hayez, Brussels, in 1971.To qualify for inclusion in the List a protected area must meet certain criteriaapproved by IUCN's International Commission on National Parks. Thesecriteria are dealt with in the next section.The 1973 List inaugurates a new format in which the selected reserves are listedby title with their size and year of establishment. Information about the pro-tection status, broad description, ecology, presence of conspicuous flora andfauna, endangered species and the like, are given in a loose-leaf publication,"World Directory of National Parks and Other Protected Areas", which isbeing issued separately by IUCN.The List is a selection of protected natural and anthropological, historical orarcheological areas. Exclusion from the List does not imply a judgement onthe relative value of the areas concerned but only that these areas do not appearto satisfy the criteria for selection that are described below.In the present List some protected areas have been included on a tentative basisonly (they are marked with an asterisk) because of the existence of disturbingfactors that endanger the effectiveness of their protection. It is hoped that theauthorities concerned will intensify their efforts to improve the protection ofsuch areas so that their retention in the List may be justified.It is stressed that the world system of national parks and reserves is dynamicand not static and this is one reason for the decision to issue the List annually.Its accuracy and values will depend on the willingness of governments, agencies,organizations, and individuals to provide IUCN with appropriate information.

Components of the List

The selected areas are listed with name, size and year of establishment.The year of establishment indicates when the area was first given a status satis-fying the selection criteria without regard to possible change in size later.

4

The selected areas are grouped in three lists, namely:1. UN List of National Nature Reserves.2. UN List of National Parks and Related Reserves.3. UN List of Provincial Parks.The present sequence of the three lists is not intended to imply a judgement onthe relative value of nature reserves compared with national parks and relatedreserves, the only marked difference between these protected areas being thequestion of public access.All three lists have certain elements in common in that they embrace areaswhich:a) Enjoy adequate legal protection under statute;b) Enjoy adequate de facto protection;c) Have a minimum size of 1,000 hectares of natural zones (exceptions are made

for islands of smaller size).The detailed criteria to be used in choosing areas that have these characteristicsare discussed in the next section.

Areas in the List of National Parks and Related Reserves derive their legalprotection from the "highest competent authority" having jurisdiction over theregion in which the area is situated, whereas areas in the List of Provincial Parksenjoy legal protection derived from authorities of lower status. In both casesthe areas must be such that controlled public access is allowed.

Areas in the List of National Nature Reserves on the other hand are thosefrom which the public is excluded. They include both Strict Nature Reservesand Managed Nature Reserves. They also derive their legal protection fromthe "highest competent authority".

National ParksThe 10th General Assembly of IUCN held in New Delhi, November 1969,approved a definition of the term "national park". This resolution is includedlater in the introductory sections of this volume.In essence, a national park is an area of national territory for which thecentral Government authority has ordered the following requirements to befulfilled:a) Status of general protection;b) Size in excess of a certain minimum;c) Protected status adequately maintained;and in which the central authority permits or actually encourages tourism.The term "equivalent reserve" was introduced in earlier versions of the List tocover other areas in which the requirements a), b) and c) above are fulfilledbut which may be either strict nature reserves in which tourism is not per-mitted or reserves with protection deriving from other than the centralGovernment authority. This usage has been continued here in the general titleof the List but the two classes of protected area which are not national parksin sensu strictu have been segregated into separate lists. The term "relatedreserve" has been applied to those protected areas which satisfy all the criteriaapproved by ICNP for national parks but are known by other names.

5

Provincial ParksProvincial or state parks (which derive their protection from other than thecentral Government authority) which meet all other criteria approved by ICNPfor national parks have been listed separately in the List of Provincial Parks,not withstanding the names by which they are known.Similarly, the List of National Nature Reserves covers both Strict NatureReserves and Managed Nature Reserves which meet the appropriate criteriaapproved by ICNP.

Arrangement within the Lists

The protected areas are grouped in descending order of size within countries.The first column of figures gives the area in hectares (100 ha= 1 sq. kilometre)and the second column gives the date of establishment, where available.An asterisk (*) before the name of a protected area indicates inclusion on atentative basis (see note in first page of this Introduction).Countries are in strict alphabetical order using names anglicized in accordancewith the usage of the National Geographic Society.

Criteria for selectionThe criteria used for selection of protected areas that are to be included in theList were approved by ICNP at the 11th General Assembly of IUCN at Banffin September 1972. They are summarized below.

Legal Protection

To qualify for the List a protected area must enjoy statutory legal protectionestablishing it as a permanently protected area and providing sufficiently strictsafeguards to achieve the objectives of conservation of natural or of man-madelandscapes.For the UN List of National Parks and Related Reserves and the UN List ofNational Nature Reserves, such statutory protection must stem from the"highest competent authority" having jurisdiction over the region in which theprotected area is situated. In some countries this may be at the level of the differentprovinces, as in Australia where the States have the appropriate jurisdiction.

Effective Protection

To qualify for the List a protected area must enjoy de facto protection as well asde jure protection.This means that a budget and staff need be provided to prevent exploitation, tocarry out essential administration and management, and to supervise theactivities of visitors. No strict rules can be laid down on either the amount ofthe budget nor the number of staff since these needs vary between remote andlittle frequented national parks and those heavily visited areas near denselypopulated centres. Judgement on whether or not an area is to be included mustdepend on whether or not it is protected and managed in accordance with thespecifications set down below. However, to give an indication of staff andbudget found likely to be sufficient under average conditions the followingfigures may be used:If parks are located in a region where population density is less than 50 in-habitants per square kilometer:- minimum 1 person working full time at the management and supervision of

10,000 ha;- minimum $ (US) 50 spent annually for the management and supervision of

1,000 ha.If parks are located in a region where population density is higher than 50 in-habitants per square kilometer:

7

- minimum 1 person working full time at the management and supervisionof 4,000 ha;

- minimum $ (US) 100 spent annually for the management and supervisionof 500 ha.

Size

The minimum surface area for inclusion in the List is 1,000 ha and this mustconsist entirely of zones in which protection of nature takes precedence (e.g.strict natural zones, managed natural zones or wilderness zones). Zones developedor modified for administrative or touristic purposes are excluded in calculatingthe minimum area. Exceptions may be made for islands and for nature reservesof unusual biotic interest.

Exploitation

In general, exploitation of natural resources must be prohibited in an area whichis to be included in the List. Exploitation, in this sense, is considered to includethe removal of mineral resources, timber and other vegetation, and animal life,or the development of dams or other structures for irrigation or hydroelectricpower. Prohibition should extend to agricultural and pastoral activities, hunting,fishing, lumbering, mining, public works construction (transportation, com-munications, power, etc.), and residential, commercial or industrial occupation.Certain exceptions to this general rule may be permitted:1. Some of the activities included in the general prohibition must be permitted

in those national parks and related reserves in which zones have been estab-lished to protect a cultural heritage (e.g. managed agricultural or pastorallandscape zones; villages, towns or urbanized areas of historical or archae-ological interest, etc.), since these activities form part of the heritage to beprotected.

2. Sport fishing is regarded in the same category as sport hunting and shouldnormally be excluded from national parks and equivalent reserves. It mustbe totally excluded from strict natural areas or nature reserves. In wildernessareas the continuance of sport fishing, where this has been a traditionalpractice, will not be a basis for exclusion from the List, providing adequatefauna exist in other areas. Sport fishing may be accepted in zones developedfor intensive recreational or touristic use.

It is recognized that within the boundaries of certain national parks there areexisting villages, towns, communication networks, and the on-going activitiesconnected with them (apart from those referred to under exception 1. above).Provided that these areas do not occupy a significant part of the land and arede facto zoned and so arranged that they do not disturb the effective protectionof the remaining area, they will not be considered as a basis for exclusion fromthe List.Similar considerations apply in regard to private rights which existed beforethe reserve was created, such as residential rights or rights to practice agri-cultural, pastoral or mining activities, always provided that these rights areconfined to a small part of the area. They should not be permanent and theirredemption or termination should be anticipated in the long term.

The general requirement against exploitation must be rigidly enforced.

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Management Activities

Not to be considered under the category of exploitation are those activitiesnecessary for the administration and management of the protected area, or forthe reasonable development of a national park or provincial park as a site forpublic outdoor recreation or tourism. Amongst these activities are the fol-lowing :1. Since public access is allowed in areas in the List of National Parks and

Related Reserves and in the List of Provincial Parks, the construction andmaintenance of a road network, the setting aside of areas for public accom-modation with consequent cultivation of gardens and the construction ofrecreation facilities, and related services must be permitted. However,accommodation, recreation facilities and the like should not be scatteredthroughout the protected area, and the area they occupy should be restrictedto a minimum. They should be located in areas zoned for this purpose orpreferably located outside the reserve.

2. The public works necessary for the actual administration and managementof the protected area, including staff housing, offices, access roads, gardens,and so on are permitted but should also be restricted to a minimum.

3. Management activities for the purpose of maintaining the desired flora orfauna are an essential ingredient in the conservation of protected areas inthe managed natural zones and nature reserves and are permitted in them.These may include the removal of animals by shooting or capturing to main-tain population levels, the removal of undesirable vegetation, and the useof controlled burning or grazing to maintain particular plant communities.

Protected ZonesA classification for various categories of protected areas was discussed andapproved by ICNP during the 11th General Assembly of IUCN at Banff,September 1972. This was subsequently presented to the Second World Confer-ence on national parks at Grand Teton National Park, USA, also in September1972.This classification places emphasis on the purpose for which the area was setaside and protected, and on the shaping of management to achieve this purpose.It is recognized that national parks and many equivalent reserves are usuallymade up of more than one of these areas; in some cases such areas are designatedby the management authority.The following categories of areas are distinguished:1. Protected natural zones:

a) Strict natural zone.b) Managed natural zone.c) Wilderness zone.

2. Protected anthropological zones:a) Natural biotic zone.b) Cultivated landscape.c) Sites of special interest.

3. Protected historical or archaeological zones:a) Archaeological sites.b) Historical sites.

All areas listed must include at least 1,000 ha of protected natural zone, exceptislands of smaller size.

Zoning

At the 11th General Assembly of IUCN at Banff it was agreed by ICNP thatareas to be designated as national parks should include areas here designatedas strict natural zones, managed natural zones, and wilderness zones. In additionit was agreed that they could appropriately contain areas of the kind heredesignated as protected anthropological zones or protected historical or archae-ological zones. To be considered as national parks, however, they must be availablefor public visitation. This use, it was agreed, could be combined with the primaryfunction of nature conservation through a system of zoning. In this, one zonewould be established in which roads or other access ways may be constructed,

10

buildings or other structures to accommodate tourism and park administrativefunctions may be located, and in which appropriate recreational facilities maybe placed. This special tourism/administrative zone would not be one designatedprimarily for nature conservation, but would be so delimited and located as tocreate minimum interference with the nature conservation function of the park.National parks can also satisfy the public visitation function by establishmentof wilderness areas over all or part of the national park, thus providing forlimited tourism of a special kind.To qualify as a national park, in the IUCN sense, an area may consist of variouscombinations of zones, as follows:1. Wilderness zone only.2. Wilderness zone combined with strict natural zone, managed natural zone

or both.3. Any or all of the above zones combined with a tourist-administrative zone.4. Any or all of the above zones combined with one or more zones classified as

anthropological, archaeological or historical.

Description of Categories

The categories of protected areas distinguished above are described in outlinein the following paragraphs.

1. Protected natural areasThese are defined as areas set aside primarily for the conservation of naturalbiotic communities and associated physiographic features and within whichthose activities only are permitted which do not interfere with the long-termprotection of these natural features. Excluded are areas set aside primarily forthe production and exploitation of natural resources, for recreation as a principaluse, or for residential, commercial, industrial or their associated forms ofland use.

A. Strict natural areasThe purpose of these areas is to protect nature in an undisturbed state in orderto have it available for scientific study, aesthetic interest, or for the contributionit can make to the value of other areas. In such an area natural processes areallowed to take place in the absence of any direct human interference. Thesemay include those processes such as natural succession, the action of naturallyoccurring fires, insect or disease outbreaks, storms, and the like, that lead to thereplacement of the biota that exist at any one time by other biota. However, man-caused disturbance of any kind is necessarily excluded.

As defined here, such an area is not appropriate for the protection of certainstages of successional vegetation or successional animal life unless the per-petuation of these forms is assured by the action of recurrent natural factors(e.g. lightning fires). Thus a pine forest placed in a reserve of this category mightwell disappear in time through natural succession leading to its replacementby a broad-leaved forest.

B. Managed natural areasThe purpose of these areas is to protect a species, a group of species, bioticcommunities, or physical features of the environment where these require

11

specific human interference for their perpetuation and consequently would bein danger of disappearing in a strict natural area. The vegetation, animal life,or terrain in such an area may be managed and modified to afford near-optimumconditions for the species, communities, or features of special concern. Thus,in some European parks, a particular grassland or heath community may onlybe protected and perpetuated through a limited amount of livestock grazing;a Sequoiadendron gigantea forest may require controlled burning for its per-petuation; a marsh for wintering waterfowl may require constant removal ofexcess reeds and the planting of waterfowl food plants; a reserve for an endangeredanimal may need complete protection against predators, and so forth. Althougha wide variety of protected areas must be included in this category, each musthave as its primary purpose the protection of nature, and not, for example, theproduction of harvestable resources or the provision of outdoor recreationspace.

In both of these categories of areas human use needs to be carefully controlledand regulated. Even scientific study must be done under permit and be of a naturethat will not interfere with realization of the purpose for which the area wasset aside. Recreational uses, aesthetic enjoyment or educational values to bederived from such areas must not be permitted to contribute to their disturbanceexcept where, in managed natural areas, such disturbance is appropriate. How-ever, none of these uses is necessarily ruled out if carried out under the propercontrols.

An area in this category has two principal purposes, that of protecting nature(defined as primary) and that of providing recreation for those capable ofenduring the vicissitudes of wilderness travel by primitive means (withoutmotorized transport, roads, improved trails and developed camp grounds, etc.).The area is maintained in a state in which its wilderness or primitive appearanceis not impaired by any form of development, and in which the continued exis-tence of indigenous animal and plant species is provided for. However, it isavailable to wilderness travellers, essentially in its entirety and thus does nothave the limits on use that are imposed on strict or managed natural areas. Somemodifications of natural conditions resulting from wilderness recreational usemay be expected, but major modifications need to be avoided through restrictingeither the number of visitors or their activities.

These are areas set aside to provide for the continuance of ways of life endangeredby the expansion of industrial civilization and its technology. They are areasoccupied by people practicing ways of life of anthropological or historicalimportance and are intended to provide for the continuance of those ways oflife for so long as there are people willing to practice them and capable of doingso. These may include, at one extreme, people who have traditionally practiced"primitive" ways of life, and at the other people who are employed specially tocontinue various practices of land use or cultivation in order to maintain tech-nologies, domesticated species, or cultural practices that have scientific orcultural value. Three principal categories of areas are readily identifiable.

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Use of strict and managed natural areas

C. Wilderness areas

2. Protected anthropological areas

These are essentially natural areas of which man is a component and obtainshis livelihood by means that do not involve extensive cultivation or other majormodifications of the vegetation and animal life. Examples are: Central KalahariGame Reserve (Botswana), Parque Indigena de Tumucumaque (Brazil). Nor-mally public visitation would not be permitted in such areas, although zones inwhich tourism is acceptable are not necessarily ruled out.

These are areas set aside to protect landscapes created by past agricultural orpastoral activities and to maintain these activities as continuing ways of life.In addition to their anthropological interest, they may have high scientificinterest as reservoirs of genetic materials associated with land use practiceswhich are disappearing from lands managed by modern agricultural tech-nologies. Through appropriate zoning such areas can be made available, in part,for tourism visitation.

C. Sites of special interestAreas established to protect sites in which evidence of human evolution or theoccurrence of early man is to be found, including deposits of skeletal materials,artifacts, or other evidence of human occupancy. Depending on the requirementsfor protection and preservation such sites may, or may not, be visited by tourists.

These are areas protected because of their historical or archaeological value andin which the principal interest is usually associated with buildings, monuments,or other structures, villages, towns or cities. Activities permitted in these areasare those that do not impair the historical or archaeological values to be pre-served, and normally include some level of tourism. Two general categoriesmay be recognized:

A. Archaeological sitesAreas of past human occupancy reflecting various stages in the developmentof civilization. In some cases, e.g. Rome or Carthage, these may occur as partof communities still occupied by man, and blend into the second category.

B. Historical sitesAreas established to protect more recent records of human activity. These aremost commonly occupied areas, such as villages or towns, in which specialmeasures are taken to protect the features of historical interest.

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A. Natural biotic areas

B. Cultivated landscapes

3. Protected Historical or archaeological areas

Definition of National ParkThe 10th General Assembly of IUCN held at New Delhi in November 1969approved a definition of the term "national park" in accordance with thefollowing resolution:Considering the importance given by the United Nations to the national parkconcept, as a sensible use of natural resources, and considering the increasing usewhich has been made during these last few years in some countries of the term"national park'' to designate areas with increasingly different status and objectives.The 10th General Assembly of IUCN meeting in New Delhi in November 1969recommends that all governments agree to reserve the term "national park" toareas answering the following characteristics and to ensure that their local author-ities and private organizations wishing to set aside nature reserves do the same:A national park is a relatively large area: 1) where one or several ecosystems arenot materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant andanimal species, geomorphological sites and habitats are of special scientific,educative and recreative interest or which contains a natural landscape of greatbeauty; and 2) where the highest competent authority of the country has takensteps to prevent or to eliminate as soon as possible exploitation or occupationin the whole area and to enforce effectively the respect of ecological, geomor-phological or aesthetic features which have led to its establishment; and 3) wherevisitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative,cultural and recreative purposes.

Governments are accordingly requested not to designate as "national park":1. A scientific reserve which can be entered only by special permission (strict

nature reserve).2. A natural reserve managed by a private institution or a lower authority

without some type of recognition and control by the highest competentauthority of the country.

3. A "special reserve" as defined in the African Convention on the Conservationof Nature and Natural Resources of 1968 (fauna or flora reserve, gamereserve, bird sanctuary, geological or forest reserve, etc.).

4. An inhabited and exploited area where landscape planning and measurestaken for the development of tourism have led to the setting up of "recreationareas" where industrialization and urbanization are controlled and wherepublic outdoor recreation takes priority over the conservation of ecosystems(parc naturel régional, nature park, naturpark, etc.). Areas of this descriptionwhich may have been established as "national parks" should be redesignatedin due course.

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UN List of National Nature Reserves

AustriaMarchauen-Marchegg Nature Reserve

BotswanaCentral Kalahari Game Reserve

BrazilCaracara Biological ReserveSooretama Biological Reserve (Espiritu Santo)Nova Lombardia Biological ReserveCorrego de Veado Biological ReserveSerra Negra Biological Reserve

BulgariaBurma Boatine Reserve

Central African RepublicVassaka-Bolo Strict Natural Reserve

Ceylon (see Sri Lanka)

Costa RicaCabo Blanco Nature Reserve

CubaCupeyal Natural ReserveEl Cabo Natural ReserveJaguani Natural ReserveCabo Corrientes Natural Reserve

Falkland IslandsCochon Island Nature Reserve

1,200

5,280,000

70,00024,0004,3502,4001,100

1,226

150,000

1,172

10,2607,5354,9321,578

7.5

1970

1963

19711943197019701970

1948

1940

1963

1963196319631963

1969

15

Kevo Strict Nature ReserveSompio Strict Nature ReserveMaltio Strict Nature ReserveRunkaus Strict Nature ReservePisavaara Strict Nature ReserveMalla Strict Nature ReserveUlvinsalo Strict Nature ReserveSalamanpera Strict Nature Reserve

FranceDonzère-Mondragon Canal National ReserveCamargue Reserve

Overseas Territories:New CaledoniaYves Merlet Maritime Reserve

GabonOfoué Strict Natural Reserve

GreeceDias Island ReserveGuioura Island ReserveAntimilos Island Reserve

Guinea* Nimba Mountains Strict Natural Reserve

HungaryLittle Balaton (Kisbalaton) Nature Reserve

ItalyCossogno (Val Grande) Nature ReserveMonte Cristo Nature Reserve

Ivory CoastNimba Mountains Strict Nature Reserve

KenyaSouth-west Mau Nature Reserve

MalagasyTsingy du BemarahaAndohahela ReserveZahamena ReserveMarojejy Reserve* Tsaratanana Reserve

34,20018,10014,7006,1005,0003,0002,5001,270

1,8129,366

15,760

150,000

1,2001,000

800 (2,000)

13,000

1,403

1,0001,031

5,000

42,570

152,00076,02073,16060,15048,622

19561956195619561938193819561956

19541956

1970

1946

193819381937

1944

1951

19651971

1944

19271939192719521927

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Finland

Andringitra ReserveTsingy de Namoroka ReserveTsimanampetsotsa Lake ReserveBetampona Reserve

MalaysiaSungei Dusun Game Reserve (Selangor, Malaya)

MauritaniaMauritania Islands Strict Nature Reserve

New ZealandAuckland Islands ReserveCampbell Islands ReserveKermadec Islands ReserveKapiti Island ReserveAntipodes Islands ReserveSnare Islands ReserveBounty Islands Reserve

Sri LankaWasgomuwa Strict Natural ReserveRitigala Strict Natural ReserveHakgala Strict Natural Reserve

United StatesCanal Zone Biological Area

YugoslaviaRisnjak National Park

31,16021,74243,2002,228

4,280

10,000

62,55111,3293,1972,000

611243135

27,5001,4501,100

1,460

3,014

1927192719271927

1964

1934195419341925196119611961

193719371937

1953

UN List of National Parks and Related Reserves1. AfghanistanNo areas have been reported to IUCN which qualify for inclusion in this list.

2. Albania1. Dajti National Park2. Lura National Park3. Tomori National Park

3,0001

3,0003,000

195619561956

3. AlgeriaInformation available to IUCN is insufficient to permit inclusion of any of the12 national parks listed in the 1971 edition.

4. Arab EmiratesThe above are listed in alphabetical order.

5. Argentina1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.

Nahuel Huapi National ParkLos Glaciares National ParkLanin National ParkRio Pilcomayo National ParkLos Alerces National ParkPerito Francisco P. Moreno National ParkTierra del Fuego National ParkIguazu National ParkEl Rey National ParkChaco National ParkLaguna Blanca National ParkPetrified Forest National ParkPalmar de Colon National Park

785,000600,000395,000285,000263,000115,00063,00055,00044,16215,00011,25010,0008,500

1922193719371951193719371960190919481954194919541965

6. AustraliaNew South Wales1.* Kosciusko National Park 611,882 1944

1 The area reported is that legally included within the park or reserve boundaries. For manyparks and reserves, however, the area that meets the conservation criteria for this list maybe less than the total area, but in all cases exceeds 1000 ha.

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2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.

Blue Mountains National ParkMorton National ParkKanangra-Boyd National ParkKinchega National ParkGuy Fawkes River National ParkNew England National ParkMount Kaputar National ParkSturt National ParkWarrumbungle National ParkMyall Lakes National ParkThe Royal National ParkKu-ring-gai Chase National ParkGibraltar Range National ParkBarrington Tops National ParkDharug National ParkWillandra National ParkBen Boyd National ParkWeddin Mountains National ParkCocoparra National ParkBrisbane Water National ParkMount Imlay National ParkNalbaugh State ParkHeathcote State ParkMount Warning State ParkBald Rock State ParkDorrigo State ParkMacquarie Pass State ParkWallaga Lake State ParkBouddi State Park

Victoria1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.

Wyperfeld National ParkWilson's Promontory National ParkLittle Desert National ParkHattah Lakes National ParkMount Buffalo National ParkLower Glenelg National ParkKing Lake National ParkMallacoota Inlet National ParkFraser National ParkCaptain James Cook National ParkAlfred National ParkThe Lakes National ParkWingan Inlet National ParkLind National Park

South Australia1.2.3.

Unnamed Conservation ParkSimpson Desert Conservation ParkYumbarra Conservation Park

100,87577,81956,97544,00925,43423,36916,94316,36215,49615,44114,90814,61414,49514,00513,87313,0818,9108,3028,2897,8263,7663,7662,2522,140

ca. 2,0001,6421,0641,0531,024

56,00048,34034,748

ca. 20,00010,9128,9605,6824,4903,1002,6802,2702,1151,8971,153

2,130,000690,000106,000

19591938196919671972193519251972195319721886189419631969196719721971197119691959197219721963192819691927196919721937

19211905196819601898196919281932195719691925192719091926

19

4.

5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

13.14.15.16.17.18.

Hincks (Murlong and Nicholls)Conservation ParkElliott Price Conservation ParkFlinders Ranges National ParkFlinders Chase National ParkHambidge Conservation ParkBilliatt Conservation ParkScorpion Springs Conservation ParkBascombe Well Conservation ParkMount Rescue Conservation Park(ex Archibald Makin Wild Life Reserve)Gammon Ranges National ParkLincoln National ParkCanunda National ParkMount Remarkable National ParkInnes National ParkCoorong National Park

Western Australia1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.

Hamersley Range National ParkCape Arid National ParkKalbarri National ParkChichester Range National ParkStirling Range National ParkWatheroo National ParkFrank Hann National ParkCape le Grand National ParkWalpole-Nornalup National ParkNambung National ParkCape Range National ParkYanchep National ParkPorongurup National ParkJohn Forrest National Park

1.2.3.4.5.

Cobourg Peninsula SanctuaryAyers Rock-Mount Olga National ParkFinke Gorge National ParkSimpson's Gap National ParkKatherine Gorge National Park

1.2.3.4.5.6.

Simpson Desert National ParkWindsor Tableland National Park1

Eungella National ParkHinchibrook Island National ParkBellenden Ker National ParkCarnarvon National Park

65,32665,00058,00054,27237,54636,70030,40029,00028,400

15,50014,2088,9508,2006,1005,100

590,206259,808152,585150,609115,68932,86326,09422,20718,02717,33513,4242,7902,2391,579

192,660124,67245,31030,59222,424

505,04756,45349,61439,34832,43126,903

1957

191919571940

1953

1957

19691969196319691913196919701966

196819651905

1900

1924195819671970

196719621941193219211938

1 or Daintree Gorge

20

Northern Territory

Queensland

7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.

Salvator Rosa National ParkMount Elliott National ParkLamington National ParkConway Range National ParkDipperu National ParkWhitsunday Island National ParkBunya Mountains National ParkYamanie Falls National ParkRobinson Gorge National ParkSouthwood National ParkCrystal Creek National ParkGirraween National ParkCape Upstart National ParkMount Barney National ParkHook Island National ParkForty Mile Scrub National ParkIsla Gorge National ParkDawson River Gorge National ParkCunningham's Cap National ParkMount Walsh National ParkFlinders Island Group (or McClear) N.P.Porcupine Gorge National ParkBarron Falls National ParkPalmerston National ParkMagnetic Island National ParkGloucester Island National ParkHerbert River Falls National ParkThornton Peak National ParkMount Tempest National Park

26,27225,59419,77519,44911,08810,9269,8059,7178,9037,7057,2245,5015,4635,2535,1804,6194,3103,3673,0352,9872,9622,9382,8332,5562,5332,4602,4282,3312,104

19571940191519621967193619081963195319701952193219691947193619701964196919301947193919701940194119541938197019621966

21

Tasmania1.2.3.4.5.

Cradle Mount-Lake St Clair National ParkMount Field National ParkBen Lomond National ParkMaria Island National ParkFreycinet National Park

135,39816,02315,8469,5607,368

19221916194719721916

Papua New GuineaNo areas quality

7. AustriaThe data available on the various protected areas listed in 1971 do not permittheir inclusion in the 1973 list with the exception of the following which appearto qualify as cultural reserves :1.2.

Karwendel Naturschutzgebiet (Tyrol)Grossglockner – Pasterze mit Gamsgrube(Carinthia)

72,000

3,698

1933

1935

8. BangladeshNo areas qualify.

9. BarbadosNo areas qualify.

10. BahreinNo areas qualify.

11.1.

12.

BelgiumHautes Fagnes National Nature Reserve

BhutanNo areas qualify.

13.1.

14.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

BoliviaReserva Nacional de Fauna Ulla Ulla

BotswanaGemsbok National ParkChobe National ParkMakgadikgadi Pans Game ReserveKhutswe Game ReserveNxai Pan National ParkMoremi Wild Life ReserveMabua Sehube Game Reserve

15. Brazil1.2.

*

5.6.7.8.

9.

10.

11.

12.13.

Araguaia National Park (Bananal Is.)Chapada dos Veadeiros (Goias)Iguaçu National Park (Parana)Serra da Bocaina National Park(Serra do Mar)Emas National Park (Goias)Brasilia National Park (DF)Monte Pascoal National Park (Bahia)Itatiaia National Park(Rio de Janeiro-Minas Gerais)Aparados da Serra National Park(Rio Grande do Sul)Caparao National Park(Espirito Santo-Minas Gerais)Serra dos Orgaos National Park(Rio de Janeiro)Sete Cidades National Park (Piaui)Tijuca National Park (Guanabara)

3,651

215,125

2,480,0001,036,000

ca.

ca.

390,000250,000210,000181,300180,000

460,000171,924170,000

140,000100,00028,00022,500

12,000

10,500

10,435

10,0006,2213,300

1957

1972

1940196119701971197119651971

195919611939

1971196119611961

1937

1959

1961

193919611961

16. British HondurasThe information available does not allow inclusion of any area.

17. BruneiNo information that national parks or equivalent reserves exist.

22

3.4.

18.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

BulgariaVitocha People's ParkVikhren ParkOusoun Bodjak (Lopouchna) ReserveDjendema ReserveSteneto ParkParangalitza ReserveMaritza Lakes (Maritchini Esera) ReserveDoupkata Reserve

22,8006,7362,8361,7751,6661,5801,5091,232

19341962195619531963193319511961

The available information suggests that Zlatni Iassatzi Park is too developedfor tourism to include the minimum 1,000 ha of protected area.

19.1.2.3.

20.

BurmaPidaung Game SanctuaryShwe-U-Daung Game SanctuaryMaymyo Game Sanctuary

BurundiNo parks or reserves reported.

21.

22.1.*2.*

Byelorussian SSR (included with USSR)

Cambodia (Khmer Republic)Phnom Prich Faunal ReserveAngkor National Park

70,19030,60012,690

195,12010,717

191319181918

1925(At the time of publication these areas are under military occupancy and it isunlikely that their natural areas or cultural monuments receive protection.)

23.1.*2.3.4.5.*6.

24.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.

CameroonFaro Forest and Faunal ReserveBoubandjidah National ParkBenue National ParkWaza National ParkKimbi River Game ReserveKala Maloue National Park

CanadaWood Buffalo National Park (Alberta)Jasper National Park (Alberta)Banff National Park (Alberta)Prince Albert National Park (Sask.)Riding Mountain National Park (Manitoba)Gros Morne National Park (Newfoundland)Pukaskwa National Park (Ontario)Kootenay National Park (British Columbia)Glacier National Park (British Columbia)Yoho National Park (British Columbia)Cape Breton Highlands National Park(Nova Scotia)

330,000220,000180,000170,000

5,0122,700

4,480,7001,087,000

664,076387,464297,850194,250187,775140,367134,939131,313

95,053

194719681968196819631972

1972190718871927192919701971192018861920

1956

23

12.13.14.15.16.17.

18.19.20.21.22.24.

25.1.*

La Mauricie National Park (Quebec)Waterton Lakes National Park (Alberta)Kejimkujik National Park (Nova Scotia)Mount Revelstoke National Park (B.C.)Forillon National Park (Quebec)Kouchibouguac National Park(New Brunswick)Fundy National Park (New Brunswick)Elk Island National Park (Alberta)Pacific Rim National Park (British Columbia)Point Pelee National Park (Ontario)Prince Edward Island National ParkGeorgian Bay Island National Park (Ontario)

Central African RepublicBamingui-Bangoran National Park

26.1.*2.3.

27.1.2.3.4.5.6.

28.

Chad

54,39052,77536,96025,90024,087

22,53320,72019,42512,6552,4861,8131,295

1,000,000

Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve 4,892,500Zakouma National ParkManda National Park

ChileVillarica National ParkCape Horn National Park

297,200110,000

167,00063,093

Torres del Paine National Park 10,000 to 20,000Fray Jorge National ParkNahuelbuta National ParkTolhuaca National Park

China (People's Republic of)No information available.

29. China (Republic of)

6,8455,4153,500

No areas meeting the criteria of this list have been established.

30.1.*2.3.*4.5.*6.*

ColombiaSierra de la Macarena National ParkEl Tuparro Faunistic ReservePuracé National Park ca.Sierra Nevada National ParkIsla de Salamanca National ParkTayrona National Park

Congo Democratic Republic (see Zaïre)

600,000380,00080,00050,00020,91215,000

19561895196419141970

1969194819131970191819371929

1936

196919631965

19401947

194119391935

197119701961196419641964

24

Ceylon (see Sri Lanka)

31.1.

32.1.2.3.4.

33.

Congo RepublicOdzala National Park

Costa RicaTortuguero National ParkSanta Rosa National ParkPoas Volcano National ParkCahuita National Park

Cuba

110,000

18,0009,9044,0001,700

1940

1970197019701970

Several strict nature reserves, no national parks according to available infor-mation.

34. CyprusNo areas qualify.

35.1.2.

3.

36.1.2.

37.1.

38.1.

39.1.

40.

CzechoslovakiaHigh Tatra National ParkKrknose (Mountains of the Giants)National ParkPieniny National Park

DahomeyW National ParkBoucle de la Pendjari National Park

DenmarkHansted Reserve

Dominican RepublicEl Vadado Haina-Duey

EcuadorGalapagos National Park

Equatorial GuineaNo areas qualify.

41.1.*2.*3.

42.1.

EthiopiaAwash National ParkSimien Mountains National ParkMenagasha National Park

Falkland IslandsKidney Island Nature Reserve

50,000

38,0002,150

502,050275,000

3,000

5,030

10,000

8,8006,0003,000

29.5

1948

19631967

19541961

1930

1958

1934

19691969

1964

25

43.1.2.

44.1.2.3.4.5.6.

45.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

FijiRavilevu Nature ReserveNandarivatu Nature Reserve

FinlandLemmenjoki National ParkPallas-Ounastunturi National ParkOulanka National ParkPyhätunturi National ParkPyhähäkki National ParkLinnansaari National Park (land only)

FranceLa Vanoise National ParkPyrenées Occidentales National ParkMercantour National Game ReserveLe Pelvoux ReserveMont Vallier ReserveLe Carlitte ReserveNéouvielle ReservePort Cros National Park (land only)

Overseas territories

3,9721,280

172,00050,00010,7003,0001,010

800

52,83945,70727,8438,7148,2085,7172,300

685

No areas qualify, according to the available information.

46.1.2.*

47.

GabonOkanda National ParkWonga-Wongue National Park

GambiaNo areas qualify.

48.1.2.3.4.

5.6.

7.8.9.

German Federal RepublicAmmergauer Berge Nature ReserveLüneburger Heide Nature ParkKönigssee Nature ReserveKarwendel und KarwendelvorgebirgeNature ReserveBayerischer Wald National ParkHochkienberg, Dürrnbachhorn, Sonntagshorn,Inzeller, Kienberg und Staufen in denChiemgauer Alpen Nature ReserveVogelfreistätte Insel Mellum Nature ReserveNord-Sylt Nature ReserveFedersee Nature Reserve

190,00082,760

27,60020,00020,000

19,00012,000

9,5003,5001,7901,410

19591956

195619381956193819561956

19631967195319131956195619351963

19461967

196319361959

19591970

1954193919691939

Other areas not included in the former UN List have been reported to meet thecriteria and their inclusion will be considered for the next issue.

26

49.1.2*3.

50.1.2.3.4.5.

51.1.2.3.

52.No

53.1.

54.

GhanaMole National ParkDigya National ParkBui National Park

GreecePindus National ParkSamarias Ravines National Park (Crete)Mount Olympus National ParkParnassus National ParkMount Ainos National Park

GuatemalaTikal National ParkAtitlan National ParkRio Dulce National Park

Guineaareas qualify.

GuyanaKaieteur National Park

HaitiNo information available.

55. HondurasNo information available.

56. Hong KongNo areas qualify.

57.1.

58.1.2.3.

59.1.*2.3.*4.*5.6.

HungaryTihany National Park

IcelandSkaftafell National ParkThingvellir National ParkEldey (Island) Nature Reserve

IndiaGir Wild Life Sanctuary (Gujarat)Periyar Wild Life Sanctuary (Kerala)Corbett National Park (Uttar Pradesh)Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary (Rajasthan)Kaziranga National Park (Assam)Mudumalai Wild Life Sanctuary (Madras)

466,200312,436154,368

12,9354,8503,9983,5122,841

57,60019,3009,600

11,655

1,100

100,0004,000

1.5

126,42277,70052,54749,18242,99432,116

196119711971

19661953

19381962

195719551955

1929

1952

196719281940

196519401935195519081940

27

61.1.2.3.4.5.

62.

IranMohammed Reza Shah Wildlife ParkTandourch Wildlife ParkKolah Ghazi Wildlife ParkDez Wildlife ParkKarkheh Wildlife Park

IraqNo areas qualify.

63.1.

IrelandBourn Vincent Memorial Park

91,89053,78044,4003,8371,538

4,250

19641970197019701970

1932

7.*8.*9.

10.11.12.*13.*14.*15.16.

Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh)Manas Wild Life Sanctuary (Assam)Hazaribagh National Park (Bihar)Shivpuri National Park (Mandhya Pradesh)Taroba National Park (Maharashtra)Jaldapara Wild Life Sanctuary (West Bengal)Borivli National Park (Maharashtra)Bandipur Wild Life Sanctuary (Mysore)Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary (Rajasthan)Jaisamand Wild Life Sanctuary (Rajasthan)

60. Indonesia1.*2.*3.*4.

5.*6.*7.8.*9.*

10.*11.*12.*13.*14.*15.*16.*17.*18.19.*20.*21.*22.*23.*24.*

Gunung Leuser Reserves (Sumatra)Mount Wilhelmina Reserve (Sumatra)Berbak Reserve (Sumatra)Udjung Kulon Panaitan Nature Reserve(Java)Komodo-Padar-Rintja-WaeWuul ReserveMeru Betiri Reserve (Java)Baluran Reserve (Java)West Bali Reserve (Bali)Gunung Indrapura Reserve (Sumatra)Tjikepuh Reserve (Java)Nusa Barung Reserve (Java)Lautan Pasir Reserve (Java)Padang Luwal (Kalimantan)Gunung Tangkoko (Sulawesi)Rimbopanti Reserve (Sumatra)Kawah Idjen Reserve (Java)Rawa Danau Reserve (Java)Krakatau Mountain (Sumatra)Bengkulu Reserve (Sumatra)Mandor Reserve (Kalimantan)Panua Reserve (Sulawesi)Ranu Kumbolo Reserve (Java)Dusua Besar Reserve (Sumatra)Tjibodas Reserve (Java)

31,59827,19518,38915,79911,65410,464

ca. 6,9305,695

ca. 2,8005,267

636,500200,000190,000

66,62064,00060,00025,00020,00012,53010,0006,0005,2505,0004,4463,5002,5602,5002,5002,4482,0001,5001,3401,1551,040

193519281955195519351941

194119561955

193619381935

1921

1966193719411929

19201919193419191932192019211919193719361938192119361925

28

64.1.2.3.*

65.1.2.3.*

66.1.2.

67.

IsraelMount Carmel National ParkMount Meron Nature ReserveHai Bar (Wild Animals) Reserve

ItalyGran Paradiso National ParkStelvio National ParkAbruzzo National Park

Ivory CoastKomoe National ParkTai Forest National Park

JamaicaNo areas qualify.

68.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.

69.

JapanDaisetsuzan National ParkBandai-Asahi National ParkJo-Shin-Etsu National ParkChubu-Sangaku National ParkNikko National ParkFuji-Hakone-Izu National ParkShikotsu-Toya National ParkAkan National ParkTowada-Hachimantai National ParkAso National ParkKirishima-Yaku National ParkHakusan National ParkIriomote National ParkShiretoko National ParkMinami-Alps National ParkDaisen-Oki National ParkOgasawara National Park

JordanNo areas qualify.

70.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

KenyaTsavo National ParkMeru National ParkAberdare National ParkMount Kenya National ParkMount Elgon National ParkMarsabit National ReserveNairobi National ParkLake Nakuru National Park

17,00010,5003,000

62,00057,77229,160

1,150,000350,000

231,929189,661188,915169,768140,698122,30998,66087,49883,35173,06055,23147,40244,60021,31735,79931,9276,434

2,080,000103,60059,05058,79015,00014,25011,4004,660

195619551970

192219351923

19631972

193419501949193419341936

1934193619341934196219721964196419361972

19481966195019491958195019461961

29

9.10.

71.1.

72.

Watamu Marine ParkMalindi Marine Park

Korea (Republic of)Chiri-San National Park

KuwaitNo areas qualify.

73. LaosNo areas qualify.

74. LebanonNo areas qualify.

75.1.

76.

LesothoSehlabathebe National Park

LiberiaNo areas qualify.

77. LibyaNo areas qualify.

78. LuxembourgNo areas qualify.

79.1.2.

80.1.2.3.

81.1.2.3.

82.

Malagasy RepublicIsalo National ParkMontagne d'Ambre National Park

MalawiKasungu National ParkMalawi (Nyika) National ParkLengwe National Park

MalaysiaTaman Negara National Park (Malaya)Kinabalu National Park (Sabah)Bako National Park (Sarawak)

Maldive IslandsNo areas qualify.

83.1.

MaliLa Boucle du Baoulé National Park

1,165583

43,890

6,500

81,54018,200

204,80093,30012,800

434,34068,6352,550

350,000

19681968

1967

1970

19621958

192219661928

193819641957

1954

30

84. MaltaNo areas qualify.

85. MauritaniaNo areas qualify.

86. MauritiusNo areas qualify.

87. Mexico1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.*11.

12.*

13.*14.*

La Malinche National ParkIztaccihuatl-PopocateptlZoquiapan National ParkPico de Orizaba National ParkBosencheve National ParkCofre de Perote National ParkLagunas de Chacahua National ParkLagunas de Montebello National ParkLagunas de Zempoala National ParkDesierto de los Leones National ParkInsurgente Jose Maria Morellos y PavonNational ParkInsurgente Miguel Hidalgo y CostillaNational ParkEl Chico National ParkEl Tepeyac National Park

88. Mongolian RepublicNo information.

89. MoroccoNo areas qualify.

90. Nepal

41,71125,67920,45419,75015,00011,70010,0006,0224,6691,900

1,813

1,8361,8351,420

None of the protected areas have been officially declared as yet.

91. Netherlands1.2.3.*4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.

Zeehondenreservaat TexelSchorren Achter Polder EendrachtHoge Veluwe National ParkZwarte Meer Reserve + VeluwerandmerenVeluwezoom National ParkBoschplaat ReserveKobbeduinen ReserveGeul en WesterduinenStrabrechtse Heide ReserveDwingeloër en Kraloërheide

20,0006,7005,7005,5004,6504,4002,4001,8001,8001,349

1938193519301936194019371937195919361917

1939

193618981937

1947195619351942191119241955192619511930/41

31

11.12.13.

Kennemerdiunen National ParkKampina ReserveVoorne's Duin

1,2401,1071,066

195019291927

Several other reserves have been proposed for inclusion which were not describedin the former UN List. Their inclusion will be considered for the next issue.

92.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

93.

New ZealandFiordland National ParkMount Aspiring National ParkUrewera National ParkArthur's Pass National ParkWestland National ParkMount Cook National ParkTongariro National ParkNelson Lakes National ParkEgmont National ParkAbel Tasman National ParkWaipoua Forest SanctuaryHauraki Gulf Maritime Park

NicaraguaNo areas qualify.

94.1.*

95.1.2.

96.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.

NigerW. National Park

NigeriaBorgu Game ReserveYankari Game Reserve

NorwayBörgefjell National ParkØvre Dividal National ParkRondane National ParkFemundsmarka National ParkGressåmoen National ParkRago National ParkStabbursdalen National ParkØvre Pasvik National ParkÅnderdalen National ParkGutulia National Park

1,223,654272,797199,52398,37191,80470,00267,40457,11233,37718,26510,1228,800

300,000

397,047207,800

109,50095,50057,20038,50018,00016,7009,6006,3005,3001,900

19041964195419291960195318941956190019421952

1954

19661956

1963197119621971197019711970197019701970

97. OmanNo areas qualify

98. PakistanAreas have been reported to qualify and will be considered for inclusion in thenext issue.

32

99.1.

PanamaAltos de Campana National Park

100. ParaguayNo areas qualify.

101. Peru1.2.3.4.

Manu National ParkPacaya National ReservePampa Galeras National ReserveCutervo National Park

102. Philippines1.* Mount Apo National Park (Mindoro)2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

9.10.11.12.13.14.

Bataan National Park (Luzon)Canlaon National Park (Negros)Banahaw and San Cristobal Mts. (Luzon)Mount Isarog National Park (Luzon)Tirad Pass National Park (Luzon)Mayon Volcano National Park (Luzon)Sohoton Natural Bridge National Park(Samar)Bicol National Park (Luzon)Aurora Memorial National Park (Luzon)Naujan Lake National Park (Mindoro)Biak-na-Bato National Park (Luzon)Hundred Islands National Park (Luzon)Mainit Hot Springs National Park (Mindano)

103. Poland1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

Kampinos National ParkTatras National ParkSlowinski National ParkWielkopolski National ParkSwietorkrzyski National ParkKarkonosze National ParkBialowieza National ParkWolin National ParkPieniny National ParkBabiagora National ParkOjcow National ParkCzerwone Bagno Reserve

104. PortugalMetropolitan1. Geres National Park

AngolaNo areas qualify.

2,600

1,400,000660,000

6,5002,500

72,93631,40024,57711,13310,1126,3205,680

5,6505,2012,3562,1752,1171,8441,380

22,35314,30018,0695,3856,0445,5625,0694,6282,7081,7091,6752,172

50,115

1966

1968196819661961

1936195419341941193819381938

1935193419371956193719411958

19591954196619571950195919471960195419541956

1971

33

Mozambique1.2.

Gorongosa National ParkBazaruto Marine Park

105. QatarNo areas qualify.

106.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.

RhodesiaWankie National ParkChewore Game ReserveMatusadona Game ReserveChirisa Game ReserveGona-re-Zhou Game ReserveChizarira Game ReserveMana Pools Game ReserveChete Game ReserveVictoria Falls National ParkDande Game ReserveRhodes Matopos National ParkRhodes Inyanga National ParkMalipati Game ReserveKyle Dam National ParkChimanimani National ParkMushandike National ParkNgesi National Park

107. Romania1.2.3.4.5.6.

Danube Delta ReserveRetezat National ParkBucegi ReservePietrosul Mare ReserveCeahlau ReserveSmagov Forest and Lake Reserve

108. Rwanda1.2.*

Kagera National ParkVolcanoes National Park

109. SalvadorNo areas qualify.

110., Saudi ArabiaNo areas qualify.

111. Senegal1.2.3.

Niokolo Koba National ParkDjoudj National ParkBasse Casamance National Park

567,000ca. 8,000

1,443,200282,800210,080171,140149,600145,440121,00064,64056,64054,39043,32034,60918,13018,00013,68012,8885,818

40,00013,0004,7752,7001,8361,767

251,00023,000

813,00011,0003,500

19601971

19491963196319691968196319631963195219691953195019691963195019541956

196219351943193219411952

19341925

196219711970

34

112. Sierra LeoneNo areas qualify.

113. Singapore1. Water Catchment Area

114. Solomon Islands1. Queen Elizabeth Park

115. Somali Republic1. Bubasci Strict Reserve

116. South Africa and Southwest AfricaSouth Africa1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Kruger National ParkKalahari Gemsbok National ParkAddo Elephant National ParkMountain Zebra National ParkAughrabies Falls National ParkGolden Gate Highlands National ParkTsitsikama Forest and Coastal National ParkBontebok National Park

Southwest Africa1. Etosha National Park

2,717

6,080

625,000

1,948,528959,103

6,8526,5365,4034,0103,3182,786

2,227,000Other areas have been proposed for inclusion which were not

1951

1954

1926

19261931193119371966196319641959

1907described in the

former UN List. Their inclusion will be considered for the next issue.

117. South YemenNo areas qualify.

118. Spain1.2.

3.

Coto Doñana National ParkLa Montaña de Covadonga de PeñaNational ParkValle de Ordesa National Park

119. Sri Lanka1.2.3.4.

Wilpattu National ParkYala Strict Natural ReserveGal Oya National ParkRuhunu National Park

35,000

16,9252,046

108,78027,50025,00023,000

1963

19181918

1938193719541958

120. SudanIn the absence of information to the effect that the parks in the southern Sudanhave been re-instated following the cessation of hostilities they are excludedfrom this list.

35

1.2.3.4.

Dinder National ParkTokar Game ReserveRahad Game ReserveSabaloka Game Reserve

121. Surinam1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

122.

Eilerts de Haan gebergte Nature ReserveTafelberg Nature ReserveVoltzberg Raleighvallen Nature ReserveWia-Wia Nature ReserveCoppename R. Mouth Nature ReserveBrownberg Nature ParkBrinckheuvel Nature ReserveGalibi Nature Reserve

SwazilandNo information available.

123.1.*2.3.*4.*5.*6.*7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.

SwedenSjaunja Ecological and Forest ReservePadjelanta National ParkSarek National ParkSvaipa Zoological and Forest ReserveMuddus National ParkPeljekase National ParkReivo ReserveStore Mosse-Kävsjön Nature ReserveAbisko Nationa] ParkGotska Sandön National ParkSonfjället National ParkVadvetjåkko National ParkBuberget ReserveKlingsvallsån Nature ReserveLicknervarpefjärden Nature ReserveTjuoltavuobme ReserveTöfsingdalen National Park

650,000650,000336,700116,600

220,000140,00056,00036,00012,00011,2006,0004,000

290,000204,000195,00049,40049,20014,6008,7007,7507,5003,6402,7002,4502,2702,1751,6501,5001,365

1935193919391939

19661966196119611966196919611969

19371962190919371941191319581971190919501909192019581968197019521930

36

124. Switzerland1.* Swiss National Park

125. SyriaNo areas qualify.

126. Tanzania1.2.3.4.5.

Serengeti National ParkRuaha National ParkNgorongoro Conservation AreaTarangire National ParkMikumi National Park

16,887

1,295,0001,150,000

828,000261,440116,500

1914

19571964195919571965

6.7.8.

Gombe Stream National ParkArusha National ParkLake Manyara National Park

127. Thailand1.2.3.4.

Khao Yai National ParkTung Slang Luang National ParkPhukradeung National ParkKhao Sam-Roi-Yoid National Park

128. Togo1.2.3.

Koué ReserveKamassi Hunting ReserveKéran Hunting Reserve

129. Trinidad and TobagoNo areas qualify.

130. TunisiaNo areas qualify.

131. Turkey1.2.3.*4.5.6.7.*8.9.

10.

132.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

133.

134.

Olympus Beydaglari National ParkMunzur Valley National ParkUludag National ParkDilek-Yarimadasi National ParkKaratepe National ParkTermessus National ParkKovada Lake National ParkSpil Dagi National ParkYedigöller National ParkSoguksu National Park

UgandaMurchison Falls National ParkQueen Elizabeth National ParkKidepo Valley National ParkKaruma Game ReserveBugungu Game ReserveAjai Game ReserveGorilla Game Reserve

Ukrainian S.S.R. (see U.S.S.R.)

Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsRussian S.F.S.R.1.2.

KronotskyAltai

14,80012,9408,550

203,500128,00034,8136,128

40,00017,0006,700

69,62042,80011,33810,7007,7156,7026,5345,5052,0301,025

384,000220,000

84,00082,00052,00015,8004,800

964,000864,200

194319621960

1962196319621966

1970197219611966195819701970197219651959

1952195219621964196819651964

37

3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.

Pechora-IlychSikhote-AlinKavkazBarguzinBaikalLaplandLazovskyDarvinTeberdaZeyaAstrakhanBashkiriKhinganBolshe-KhekhtsirStolbyKandalakshaKomsomolIlmenMordovskyVoronezhOkaTsentralno-LesnoiZhiguliKedrovaya PadSupputinskKhoperskyMariKivaehVisimVolga-KamaPrioksko-TerrasnyTsentralno-Chernozyomny

Azerbaijan S.S.R.35.36.37.38.39.40.

Kyzyl-AgachZakatalyShirvanTurianchaiGek GelPirkulin

Kazakh S.S.R.41.42.43.44.45.

NaurzumKurgaldzhinoAlma-AtinskyAksu-DzhabagliBarsa-Kelmes

Latvian S.S.R.46.47.

SlitereEngure

38

721,322310,100262,500247,100167,200158,400116,520112,60083,40082,30072,50072,04958,30047,90047,20035,03032,20032,10031,10030,80022,90021,40019,40017,90016,50016,20014,45210,4609,3007,5404,9004,200

88,00025,30017,70012,7007,5001,506

185,000177,20089,53074,32018,500

9,3301,340

193019351924191619691930

194519361963191919301963

1925193019631920

19271935

19161932

196819311971196019451930

19621929196919581925

1958

19261939

19571957

Lithuanian S.S.R.48. Zhuvintas

Byelorussian S.S.R.49.50.51.

BerezinaBelovezha PusheaPripyat

Georgian S.S.R.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.

LagodekhiBorzhomRitsa-AvadkharKintrishVashlovanSaguramAdzhametBabanauri-Batsara

Turkmen S.S.R.60.61.62.

KrasnovodskyBadkhyzRepetek

Ukrainian S.S.R.63.64.65.66.67.68.

ChernomoraPolesskyCarpathianAskania NovaUkrainski StepniKanev

Uzbek S.S.R.69.70.

ChatkalsyZaaminski Gorno-Lesnoe

Moldavian S.S.R.71. Kodry Reserve

Armenian S.S.R.72.73.

DilizhanKhosrov

Kirghiz S.S.R.74.75.

Issyk KulSary Chelek

Tadzhik S.S.R.76. Ramit

5,421

76,20074,20060,325

18,10018,08216,1206,9435,9325,0834,8483,052

262,000133,00034,600

35,00020,09712,67211,0001,6361,035

34,80010,500

2,740

29,00023,140

781,60020,700

16,180

1937

192519391969

19121935194719591946194619461957

19411928

192719681968192119261968

1960

1971

39

135. United Arab RepublicNo areas qualify.

136.1.

2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.

137.

United KingdomCairngorms National Nature Reserve(Inverness)Inverpolly NNR (Ross-Cromarty)Rhum NNR (Inverness)Caerlaverock NNR (Dumfries-Kirkcudbright)Beinn Eighe NNR (Ross-Cromarty)Moor House NNR (Westmorland)Caenlochan NNR (Aberdeen-Angus-Perth)Upper Teesdale NNR (Yorkshire)Bridgwater Bay NNR (Somerset)Loch Druidibeg NNR (Inverness)Snowdon NNR (Caernarvon)Loch Leven NNR (Kinross)Rannoch Moor NNR (Perth)Dyfi NNR (Cardigan)Inchnadamph NNR (Sutherland)Glen Roy NNR (Inverness)St. Kilda NNR (Inverness island)Skomer Island NNR (Pembroke)

United States of AmericaNational Parks

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.

Yellowstone National ParkMount McKinley National ParkEverglades National ParkGlacier National ParkOlympia National ParkYosemite National ParkBig Bend National ParkGrand Canyon National ParkIsle Royale National ParkGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkNorth Cascades National ParkKings Canyon National ParkSequoia National ParkCanyonlands National ParkGrand Teton National ParkRocky Mountains National ParkMount Rainier National ParkHawaii Volcanoes National ParkVoyageurs National ParkCapitol Reef National ParkShenandoah National ParkCrater Lake National ParkZion National ParkLassen Volcanic National Park

25,94910,85710,6845,4064,2034,0473,5962,6302,4301,6581,6581,5781,4821,4221,2951,168

850304

888,708775,597560,213405,320358,640304,380283,288269,430215,740205,070202,000181,885154,744134,900124,140104,93096,79388,13787,77286,67084,92164,11658,81342,580

195419611957195719511952196119631954195819641964195819721956197019571959

187219171947191019381890194419191940193019681940189019641929191518991916197119371935190219191916

40

25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.

Petrified Forest National ParkGuadalupe Mountains National ParkArches National ParkRedwood National ParkMesa Verde National ParkMammoth Cave National ParkCarlsbad Caverns National ParkAcadia National ParkBryce Canyon National ParkWind Cave National ParkHaleakala National ParkVirgin Islands National Park

National Monuments37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.

Katmai National MonumentGlacier Bay National MonumentDeath Valley National MonumentJoshua Tree National MonumentOrgan Pipe Cactus National MonumentDinosaur National MonumentGrand Canyon National MonumentWhite Sands National MonumentBadlands National MonumentCanyon de Chelley National MonumentSaguaro National MonumentCraters of the Moon National MonumentLava Beds National MonumentGreat Sand Dunes National MonumentWupatki National MonumentBandelier National MonumentChaco Canyon National MonumentColorado National MonumentChannel Islands National MonumentPinnacles National MonumentBlack Canyon National MonumentChiricahua National MonumentNatural Bridges National MonumentCedar Breaks National MonumentScotts Bluff National MonumentSunset Crater National Monument

National Memorial Park63. Theodore Roosevelt National

Memorial Park

National Wildlife Refuges and Ranges64.65.66.67.

Arctic National Wildlife RangeKenai National Moose RangeKuskokwin National Wildlife RefugeKodiak National Wildlife Refuge

37,67632,91129,26022,83720,83020,54118,71516,65314,40511,22310,5606,060

1,079,036909,838763,104223,174132,35083,99879,31258,61444,61233,53625,31419,27418,49614,59614,27710,8418,6047,6777,2695,7995,6824,2583,0402,4691,2341,216

196219661929196819061934193019191924190319611959

19181925193319361937191519321933193919311933192419251932

19161907191119381968193319241908193319191930

28,150

3,460,000822,879748,000726,000

1947

1960194119601941

43

68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.

Cabeza Pneta Game RangeKofa Game RefugeSheldon Antelope Range and RefugeIzembek National Wildlife RefugeFort Peck Game RangeHart Mountain National Antelope RefugeDesert Game RangeNunivak National Wildlife RangeWichita Mountains National Wildlife RefugeSan Andreas National Wildlife RefugePribilof Islands ReservationNational Elk RefugeNational Bison RangeFort Niobrara National Wildlife RefugeSimeonof National Wildlife RefugeNational Key Deer Refuge

138. Upper Volta1.2.

W National ParkArly Faunal Reserve

139. Uruguay1.2.3.4.5.

Cabo Polonio National ParkSanta Teresa National ParkF. D. Roosevelt National ParkSan Miguel National ParkArequita National Park

140. Venezuela1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Canaima National ParkSierra Nevada de Merida National ParkGuatopo National ParkHenri Pittier National ParkEl Avila National ParkYacambu National ParkCueva de la Quebrada del Toro National ParkYurubi National Park

141. VietnamNo areas qualify.

142. YemenNo areas qualify.

143. Yugoslavia1.2.3.4.

Mavrovo National Park (Macedonia)Durmitor National Park (Montenegro)Galicia National Park (Macedonia)Fruska Gora National Park (Serbia)

344,000264,000213,559166,144150,09595,97375,36643,35323,60722,88620,0659,5367,4165,7604,1772,697

330,000206,000

14,2503,2901,5001,2381,000

1,000,000190,00092,64090,00066,1929,0008,5004,000

79,07032,00023,00022,000

1939193919361960

19361936192919051941191019121908191219581954

19531954

19661927

19271964

19621952195819371959196219691960

1949195219581960

42

5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.

144.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

145.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.

Plitvice Lakes National Park (Croatia) 19,172Sutjeska National Park (Bosnia-Herzegovina) 17,250Pelister National Park (Macedonia)Resava Reserve (Serbia)Paklenica National Park (Croatia)

10,40010,0003,616

Biogradska Gora National Park (Montenegro) 3,600Risnjak National Park (Croatia)Triglav National Park (Slovenia)Zvijezda Reserve (Serbia)Rajac Reserve (Serbia)

ZaïreSalonga National ParkUpemba National ParkVirunga (Albert) National ParkMaiko National ParkGaramba National ParkKundelungu National ParkKahuzi-Biega National Park

ZambiaKafue National ParkSouth Luangwa National ParkSioma Ngwezi National ParkNorth Luangwa National ParkLiuwa Plain National ParkMweru Marsh National ParkLukusuzi National ParkSumbu National ParkWest Lunga National ParkLavushi Manda National ParkLusenga Plain National ParkIsangano National ParkLochinvar National ParkKasanka National ParkLuambe National ParkNyika National ParkMosi-Oa-Tunya National Park

3,0412,0001,5001,200

2,240,000950,000800,000600,000492,000120,00060,000

2,240,000905,000527,000463,000366,000313,400272,000202,000168,400150,00088,00084,00041,00039,00025,4008,0006,600

1949196219491957194919521953196119501963

1970193919251970193819701970

19501938197219381972194219381942195119411942195719721941196619721972

UN List of Provincial Parks1. BrazilSão Paulo1.2.3.4.

Morro do Diabo State ParkItatins State ParkCampos do Jordoa State ParkSerra da Cantereira State Park

37,15612,0588,1324,500

Information on other States is not available and is requested.

2. CanadaSaskatchewan1. Wildcat Hill Wilderness Area

1.*2.3.4.*5.6.*

Algonquin Provincial ParkQuetico Provincial ParkObatanga Provincial ParkBon Echo Provincial ParkNeys Provincial ParkGrundy Lake Provincial Park

18,200

735,599455,258

6,1616,1613,2983,481

1971

189319131965196519651959

The status of all parks is doubtful because of hunting, lumbering, etc. not relatedto purpose of nature conservation. Most have been deleted - the above mayqualify in part of their area.

Quebec1.2.3.

Mount Tremblant Provincial ParkGaspesie Provincial ParkMount Orford Provincial Park

287,750127,500

3,750The reservations noted under Ontario also apply to Quebec.

Newfoundland and Labrador1. Barachois Pond Provincial Park

3. Kenya1.2.3.

Masai-Mara Game ReserveIsiolo Spring Game ReserveSamburu Uaso Nyiro Game Reserve

2,800

64,75019,42510,360

189519371938

1961

196119641962

44

ontario

4. South AfricaNatal1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.

Umfolozi Game ReserveSt. Lucia Game ReserveMkuzi Game ReserveGiant's Castle Game ReserveHluhluwe Game ReserveSt. Lucia ParkNdumu Game ReserveRoyal Natal National ParkFalse Bay ParkKamberg Nature ReserveLoteni Nature ReserveOribi Gorge Nature ReserveColeford Nature Reserve

Orange Free State1. Willem Pretorius Game Reserve

Transvaal1.2.

Loskop Dam Nature ReserveBarberspan Nature Reserve

1.2.

Cape of Good Hope Nature ReserveGoukama Nature Reserve

5. United States of AmericaAlabama1.2.

Oak Mountain State ParkGulf State Park

California1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

Anza Borrego Desert State ParkHumboldt Redwoods State ParkCuyahaca State ParkSalton Sea State ParkMount San Jacinto State ParkHenry W. Coe State ParkBig Basin Redwoods State ParkPrairie Creek Redwoods State ParkJedediah Smith Redwoods State ParkDel Norte Coast Redwoods State ParkCastle Crags Redwoods State ParkCalaveras Big Trees State Park

Florida1.2.3.

Pennekamp Coral Reef State ParkMyakka River State ParkSeminole Necklace State Park

48,00036,50024,60023,85022,80012,40010,0008,0002,2252,2002,1201,7651,265

9,000

12,4003,628

6,7001,640

3,9762,675

188,0009,6008,2947,5855,1865,0004,4114,1003,8242,3412,1322,126

38,00011,5502,569

1897189719121903189719391924191619441951195319501959

1955

19401949

19391960

45

Cope Province

Georgia1. Hard Labor Creek State Park

Indiana1.2.

Brown County State ParkVersailles State Park

Kansas1.2.3.4.

Cheyenne Bottoms W.R.Cedar Bluff ReservoirMorton County W.R.Swan Marsh

Kentucky1.2.

Jenny Wiley State ParkPennyrile Forest State Park

1. Chicot State Park

1. Baxter State Park

Michigan1.2.3.4.

Porcupine Mountains State ParkTahquamenon Falls State ParkHartwick Pines State ParkWilderness State Park

1.2.3.4.

Itasca State ParkHoly Cross State ParkJay Crooke State ParkThousand Lakes State Park

Missouri1.2.3.4.5.6.

Wappapello State ParkLake of the Ozarks State ParkMeramec State ParkBig Spring State ParkCuivre River State ParkSam Baker State Park

1. Valley of Fire State Park

2,322

6,1332,325

7,9165,8485,1203,147

5,2005,200

2,592

77,302

23,2677,1973,4752,754

12,82212,2293,6162,730

17,0386,5342,8612,3342,3291,959

2,624

46

Louisiana

Maine

Minnesota

Nevada

New Hampshire1.2.3.4.

Bear Brook State ParkFranconia Notch State ParkCrawford Notch State ParkCardigan State Park

New Jersey1. High Point

New York1.2.3.

Adirondacks Forest ReserveHarriman State ParkLetchworth State Park

North Carolina1. Pettigrew State Park

Oklahoma1.2.3.4.

Lake Murrey State ParkQuartz Mountain State ParkRobbers Cave State ParkLake Wister State Park

Pennsylvania1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Hickory Run State ParkRicketts Glen State ParkCook Forest State ParkBucktail State ParkRaccoon Creek State ParkFrench Creek State ParkBlue Knob State ParkTobyhanna State Park

South Carolina1.2.3.

Cheraw State ParkCroft State ParkHunting Island State Park

South Dakota1. Custer State Park

Tennessee1.2.3.4.

Fall Creek Falls State ParkChickasaw State ParkShelby Forest State ParkStanding Stone State Park

2,9122,5102,3802,210

4,374

907,83316,1855,342

6,731

8,4005,7483,4632,886

6,2005,4003,2003,1003,0402,6002,2392,040

2,9442,8542,000

27,731

6,4005,7535,0203,492

47

1. Palo Duro Canyon State Park

West Virginia1.2.3.4.

Watoga State ParkHolly River State ParkCacapon State ParkTygart Lake State Park

1.2.3.

Mount Spokane State ParkGinkgo State Geological SiteRiverside State Park

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Boysen State ParkSeminoe State ParkGlendo State ParkKeyhole State ParkBuffalo Bill State ParkGuernsey State ParkBig Sandy State ParkAlcova State Park

6,042

6,0423,0372,3252,248

9,7322,4042,200

24,82523,1989,6145,7305,0864,6333,0722,448

Washington

Texas

Wyoming