Offshore windSolutions to support the project lifecycle and the value chain

UL empowers trust in offshore wind. Offshore wind farm development presents its own set of unique challenges. Limited access to onsite hub-height wind resource measurements makes it more difficult to fully characterize the wind resource in offshore environments. Overcoming this challenge requires a variety of creative solutions. From wind resource and energy assessment, to oceanographic studies, to wind farm layout and design, your project’s success is our priority. Our offshore team specializes in the management and integration of the multidisciplinary aspects of offshore wind development and has designed and assessed nearly 200,000 megawatts (MW) of wind and solar projects, both on land and offshore.

In the offshore and coastal development arenas, UL's technical advisory group designs and implements offshore wind resource assessments and met-ocean studies, including met tower design and review. We employ innovative approaches to wind measurement and atmospheric characterization using buoys, fixed and floating platforms, and remote sensing technologies. We have also led offshore studies that are paving the way for the development of a viable offshore industry in the United States, including cost-benefit analyses, industry data needs assessments, and the evaluation of new technologies.

UL helps evaluate offshore wind turbines and components. Some of the testing services offered include mechanical load testing, validation and type testing, and power performance testing. UL is also involved in offshore wind research. Some of the topics we have worked on include incoming wind and wake of turbines, water pressure rings, wave loads, and acoustics and operational noise, all of which impact performance of an offshore turbine.

As offshore wind energy technologies advance, their continued safety, reliability and performance must be determined. As safety science experts, UL helps customers navigate these risks through type certification and project certification. UL certification helps customers confirm compliance and confidence in the reliability of the technology.

UL provides technical advisory, software and data, testing, inspection, certification, research and advanced studies that empower the offshore wind industry. The strategies and solutions we employ are trusted by those invested in the manufacturing, development, financing and operations of these projects.

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UL operates in MORE THAN

140 COUNTRIES

35+ years of EXPERIENCE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY

ADVISED 90% of the wind industry’s top project developers and plant owners

Investor/lender’sengineer for

500+wind and solar projects since 2012

UL is accredited to provide certi�cation according to ALL RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION SCHEMES

RENEWABLE ENERGY EXPERTS500+

Concentration of o�shore experience

Certi�cation and advisory for wind farms

Certi�cation and testing for wind turbines

of NORTH AMERICA’S OFFSHORE WIND PROJECTS since 2000

80%

Involved in

Performed energy assessments on more than

60% of approved GERMAN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS in the North Sea

First to deploy an OFFSHORE METOCEAN MONITORING SYSTEM for o�shore wind in the U.S.

UL employs

Project development support

• Wind resource and wave modeling• Site identification and feasibility studies• Technology and market assessment• Cost-benefit studies• Turbine and cable layout design • Project design • Wake analysis• Photo simulation• Measurement campaign design and

implementation• Lidar wind measurements • Metocean site characterization• Bankable energy production reports• Port, infrastructure and supply chain review

UL has helped facilitate the growth of offshore wind markets globally. We have been active in the design and implementation of bankable wind resource and energy assessments and broad meteorological and ocean (metocean) studies to define reliable project design conditions. We integrate proven measurement and analytical methods with innovative observation techniques on fixed, floating and remote platforms. We leverage direct and remote sensing technologies for wind, wave, current and atmospheric boundary layer characterization. Our pioneering wind and wake modeling capabilities, turbine technology assessments and other technical evaluations quantify uncertainty and mitigate a project’s technical risk.

Feasibility, resource and energy assessment

Solutions to support project development include:

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Software and dataUL offers a range of software and data products that support the development, assessment, and operation of offshore wind projects. These products leverage the technical innovations and years of experience we have applied to the field of renewable energy, helping our clients to work more productively, effectively and independently. Our software and data support the entire wind project development process, from initial site prospecting to final design and energy estimation. We provide you with the tools your team needs to work on its own as well as the platforms to collaborate powerfully and efficiently with our experts.

Windnavigator is an online platform designed to support the preliminary stages of offshore wind development on the East Coast of the United States, the Gulf of Mexico, the Carribean and Europe. A subscription to this platform allows you to view and access high-resolution offshore wind maps, datasets, and site specific analysis.

Openwind software allows developers to design, analyze and optimize an offshore wind project. The software features a GIS interface; users can optimize projects for cost of energy and assess deep array wake impacts, which are common in offshore environments.

Windographer is a software tool for analyzing wind resource data, including lidar used for offshore wind measurement. It quickly imports every data format, allows rapid quality control and statistical analyses including measure-correlate-predict (MCP) and exports to all wind flow models.

CASE STUDY

Offshore wind resource mapping to facilitate wind energy siting and planning

The United States Department of Energy along with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) contracted UL to develop high-resolution (200 m) offshore wind maps of United States waters to facilitate wind energy siting and planning at the national, state and project levels. The work has supported national policy development and the technical definition of build out potential. It has also supported the evaluation of selected Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Wind Resource Areas by NREL and others. The offshore wind mapping is inclusive of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (including Hawaii), the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. All mapping results, which include a variety of wind resource statistics at multiple heights, were independently validated by NREL.

CASE STUDIES

Project meteorologist and technical advisor to Deepwater Wind

UL acted as the project meteorologist and technical advisor for the first US offshore project to get full financing. We supported the metocean design input analysis for the project; we were responsible for the wind resource monitoring program design and implementation, project meteorology, wind turbine assessment, project layout development, and energy production estimates.

Due diligenceIndependent engineering We work with our clients to help make the critical financial close of an offshore wind project as smooth and successful as possible. Our technical and commercial expertise, along with our understanding of the intricacies of project finance, make working with us a preferable choice for developers bringing a project to fruition. Our team of engineers and technical advisors will help you prepare your project for financing, mitigate risk and help ensure it is technically sound and ready for construction.

Technical advisoryFrom a small equity stake in a single project to the acquisition of a global project portfolio, different investments require different levels of review. We work with you to determine the best path for your due diligence and strive to identify all critical risks. Depending on your risk appetite, the type of investment and your team’s expertise, we tailor project evaluation strategies specifically for you.

ConstructionDuring the construction and commissioning phases of an offshore energy project, we provide construction management and monitoring services to help ensure that project milestones are completed, the work conforms to the project design, quality controls are being met, and potential delays or cost overruns are identified. Our capabilities include:

• Condition monitoring (substructures)• Assessment of construction and foundations• Construction forecasting

Review of Europe's offshore wind construction, operations and maintenance

To further its strategy to develop services and offshore expertise, a Japan-based renewable energy consultancy engaged our company to provide a comprehensive overview of Europe’s experience with the construction and operation of offshore wind farms. For this project, UL reviewed construction milestones and operational requirements made by regulatory bodies.

UL also assessed:• Development activities• Technology• Support structures• Electrical connections• Project management strategies• Operations and maintenance issues

Operational asset managementUL helps manage expectations of operational plants and identify opportunities for performance improvement. Here are some of the services provided to plant owners and operators:

• Scour monitoring• Monitoring of offshore foundations• Lidar verification and nacelle-based lidar• Structural integrity and lifetime extension• Power performance testing

Grid solutionsGrid management and planning servicesUL has played an essential role in grid integration studies and the development of customized tools and datasets to support them. With simulated wind resource data we help planners, utility professionals, aggregators, and energy service providers manage and mitigate variability, including the possibility of energy storage facilities.

Combining our advanced models with production data, we provide site-specific energy-generation profiles. The synthesized data characterizes critical seasonal and diurnal generation patterns, power ramp behavior and resource variability with generation for time scales of seconds to years. Our advanced techniques allow us to create power and resource profiles for historical or future time periods to support a wide range of client needs.

Forecasting for energy integrationUL provides customized forecasts for offshore wind to help determine how fluctuating power impacts grid reliability, cost and operation.

Additional grid solutions include:• Grid code compliance • High/low voltage ride through (HVRT/LVRT) testing

FINO research platformFINO is a German research platform program that started in 2003 with FINO1 in the North Sea, followed by FINO2 in the Baltic Sea in 2007 and FINO3 also in the North Sea in 2009. UL has been involved in this project since the beginning. One-hundred meter tall met masts on the platforms deliver a unique long-term dataset to research communities worldwide encompassing more than 400 current data users. UL has optimized the measurement systems to withstand the harsh offshore environment and operates both standard met sensors as well as high resolution sensors for wind speed, direction and temperature profiles in this sparsely documented environment. With the open data access, FINO data has become an important source of information for offshore research projects and wind farm operators. UL not only works to verify data quality, but also to continuously optimize the measurement system, data evaluation and research tasks.

Research at Alpha Ventus (RAVE)RAVE is a German research initiative that supports the offshore wind energy industry. Since 2007 UL has been involved in the measurement design program at the Alpha Ventus Offshore Wind Farm, along with researchers from more than 20 universities, institutes and companies. To date, RAVE is the only long-term measurement project in the world with more than seven years of offshore data collected from the wind turbines, the electrical network and the surrounding environment.

UL has optimized a measurement system usually designed for short-term campaigns for operation not only under offshore conditions, but also in coordination with the various maintenance operations of the wind farm. The data quality is constantly verified, with possible applications and areas for development explored.

Offshore wind: moderating impacts of winter natural gas price spikesOffshore wind has a strong coincidence with electricity demand profiles and produces maximum capacity factors during the winter. The study demonstrating this powerful benefit was the winner of the 2014 AWEA Technology Award.

UL’s offshore wind collaboration activities are also reflected by involvement in research and leadership roles.

• Facilitator and co-author of “A Framework for Offshore Wind Energy Development in the United States” on behalf of the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative, U.S. Department of Energy and General Electric

• Primary author of the “New Jersey Offshore Wind Energy Feasibility Study” for the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities

• Part of 2011 U.S. Department of Energy team of experts to identify sites for high offshore potential and grid interconnection for all U.S. coastal regions

Technical achievements and advanced studies We pioneer solutions that overcome technical barriers. UL has been at the forefront of research in offshore standards, resource characterization, plant design, energy estimation and real-time forecasting since 2003.

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Manufacturers looking to verify the safety, reliability and performance of offshore wind turbines and components rely on our technical and safety science experts to help navigate the risks. UL provides field and laboratory testing to acquire the data needed to verify wind turbine function, safety, structural integrity, power performance, power quality, and acoustic noise emission characteristics based on international and national standards and regulations (IEC 61400 series, MEASNET, FGW).

Validation and type testingDuring validation UL helps verify that the wind turbine or component is implemented in reality as designed. For type testing UL helps verify that the wind turbine or component is in compliance with relevant and defined standards and rules.

Mechanical loadsUL conducts mechanical load measurements for new offshore wind turbines for use in design validation and certification of wind turbine prototypes. UL offers load assessments according to IEC61400-13 or any customer scope.

Power performance testing Testing performance is essential to help ensure that

turbine and plant performance meet expectations and contractual obligations. From engineering, design, met instrumentation, commissioning, installation, to measurement, data collection, analysis and reporting, UL brings a flexible and communicative approach to the power performance testing effort.

HVRT/LVRT assessmentsBefore a generating plant can be connected to the grid, the system operator normally requires a certificate, which in turn requires the measurement of electrical characteristics and increasingly also verification of the plant’s High/Low Voltage Ride Through (H/LVRT) capability. UL offers H/LVRT testing and measuring services to determine the electrical characteristics and grid compatibility of wind turbines.

Testing and inspection

CertificationUL helps clients navigate risks through certification for products, projects and grid code compliance.

Component certificationUL's component certificate is applicable to the major structural, mechanical and/or electrical components of the wind turbine, e.g., the frequency converter, transformer, generator, tower, rotor blade and gearbox. UL confirms that the specific component is designed, documented, manufactured and tested in conformity with the applicable design requirements, specific standards and other technical requirements. Component certification is a useful tool for component manufacturers to provide orignal equipment manufacturers (OEMs) traceability to their design assumptions, testing and manufacturing processes and sites.

Type certificationUL's type certification confirms that a wind turbine type is designed, documented and manufactured in conformity with specific standards and site conditions. It covers the erection procedures, installation and maintenance of the wind turbine. A type certificate denotes a fully independent assessment of the completeness, correctness and safe functioning of a wind turbine for its design lifetime. Finally, a type certificate provides the traceability for the applicable documentation for design, testing and manufacturing.

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Certified verification agent

Securing regulatory approval as well as construction and fabrication permits for an offshore wind farm in U.S. federal waters is a complex and critical process. U.S. regulations require that a qualified independent third party, acting as a Certified Verification Agent (CVA), certifies the design, fabrication and installation in accordance with the BOEM. The CVA is nominated by the project developer and must be approved by the BOEM based on successful demonstration of CVA qualifications. The CVA scope of work as defined in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is very similar to the project certification schemes applied to European offshore wind projects.

UL meets the CVA nomination criteria set forth by BOEM according to 30 CFR 585 Subpart G § 585.706 (b) (1 – 7), as well as (c) and (d). UL has the formal structure in place to conduct CVA verification activities for offshore wind projects including the demonstration of independence and measures for the avoidance of conflict of interest. Accreditation certificates have been obtained, namely UL’s accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17065 and the ISO 9001 certificate, as well as the Certificate of Acceptance to participate in the IECRE - IEC System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Renewable Energy Applications: the IECRE OD 501 (Type and Component Certification Scheme) and OD 502 (Project Certification Scheme).

Project certificationProject certification proves that the type-certified wind turbines and the particular substructure and foundation designs meet site-specific conditions and are in conformity with applicable standards, local codes, official regulations and other site-specific requirements. A project certificate confirms that the structural integrity of the type-certified wind turbines should remain safe under the influence of site-specific conditions, e.g. wind, sea, soil and electrical networks. The project certification process also evaluates the manufacturing of structural components to be installed at a specific wind farm, as well as the transportation, erection and commissioning. Project certification is typically applied to offshore wind farm projects because they are highly complex. Offshore projects pose more challenging environmental conditions and require additional planning and logistics. For this reason project certification is an important instrument for risk mitigation, and thus may be requested by financiers, insurers and/or permitting authorities. Further risks during the operation of the offshore wind project can be reduced by an independent, third-party certification of the operations and maintenance phase.

Grid code compliance Our experience and understanding of global grid codes help ensure that power from renewable energy technology is safely transmitted onto the grid. UL is an independently accredited certification body according to DIN EN ISO 17065 and is accredited for grid code compliance certification. Our scope covers the German VDE-AR-N Standards for all voltage levels, the Indian Grid Code Notification and several international grid codes.

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