ogt review packet - wayne local schools stuides summer... · world history topics- india/pakistan...
TRANSCRIPT
OGTREVIEWPacket
People You Should KnowNapoleon- was a military and political leader of France and
Emperor of the French as Napoleon I, whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century.
John Locke- was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers.
Booker T. Washington: Civil Rights leader in late 1800’s early 1900’s founded the Tuskeegee Institute. Believed in education and stability before fighting for rights.
Karl Marx- The philosopher, social scientist, historian and
revolutionary works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century.
People You Should Know
Vladimir Lenin- Russian revolutionary who lead the revolution against the Czar.
Theodore Roosevelt- president early 1900’s, soldier in Spanish American War, helped build Panama Canal, Big Stick Policy.
Woodrow Wilson- President during WWI, created 14 Points, founded the League of Nations, a Progressive President.
Franklin Roosevelt- President during Great Depression, New Deal, WWII, helped solve the Depression, got us through the war, created Social Security, United Nations.
People You Should Know
Adolf Hitler -leader of Germany during WWII, dictator, perpetrator of the Final Solution resulting in the Holocaust.
John F. Kennedy-President in the 1960’s, involved with founded the Peace Corps., mishandling of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Fidel Castro-became the first Communist leader of Cuba in 1959, involved with Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis.
Gandhi- leader of the independence movement in India, inspiration for leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela
People You Should Know
Nelson Mandela- leader of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, jailed for 27 years, first black African president in South Africa.
Martin Luther King Jr.- leader of Montgomery Bus Boycott, became leader of the movement, “I Have a Dream” speech.
Rosa Parks- civil rights activist, helped start the movement with her act of civil disobedience on a Montgomery bus.
Richard Nixon- president in the 1970’s, first to visit China and Soviet Union, Watergate Scandal, first to resign.
Joseph Stalin: leader of the Soviet Union during WWII, and the start of the Cold War.
Harry Truman: V.P. to F.D.R. made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. Desegregated the military.
Mao Tse Dong- became first Communist leader of China in 1949, held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976.
People You Should Know
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR-
CAUSES: The mistreatment of Cubans by Spain and the blowing up of the U.S.S. Maine in the Havana Harbor. Yellow Journalism
SIGNIFICANCE: U.S. establishes itself as a military power.
EFFECTS: Panama Canal is built, The U.S. acquires Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
World War I
CAUSES: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism,
the immediate cause is the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
Significance: leads to the Great Depression and outbreak of WWII
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, U.S. (Revolution takes Russia out)
League of Nations: association created to keep the peace, failed.
Treaty of Versailles: unfair conditions set for Germany, led to WWII.
Reparations: large sum of “damage” money to be paid by Germany.
14 Points- Wilson’s plan for peace.
• The Holocaust- International Human Rights Laws
• The beginning of the Arms Race, Atomic Age
• The start of the Cold War
WWII- Results
THE COLD WAR-
CAUSES:The use of atomic weaponsRace to build more weaponsSoviet’s refusal to leave Eastern Europe after WWII, Race to SpaceDiffering economic ideologies: command economy/market economy
Significance: Use of containment to stop the spread of Communism will start other wars, the arms race, spending.
Outcome: Korean War, Vietnam War, uneasy relationship between Democracies and Communist nations. Fall of the Soviet Union, national debt.
THE COLD WAR-
Appeasement: give in to lesser demands hoping for peace.
Containment: stop the spread of Communism
Domino Theory: one country falls to Communism they all will.
Marshall Plan: economic aid to European countries after WWII.
Berlin Wall: built to keep East Germans from escaping by route of West Berlin
Korea and Vietnam are examples of containment.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS
KOREAN WAR-
CAUSES: Korea is divided after WWII, North (communist) invades the South (non-communist) domino effect, containment
SIGNIFICANCE: increased tension in the Cold War.
EFFECTS: Korea is still divided, oppressive government in the North.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS
VIETNAM WAR-
CAUSES: unstable government in the South, fear of the domino effect, containment
SIGNIFICANCE: civil disobedience, conscientious objectors.
EFFECTS: Long drawn out war in Vietnam and at home with hawks versus doves. Vietnam eventually taken over by Communism.
World History Topics- French Revolution
• The French Revolution (1789–1799), was a period of radical social and political upheaval in Francethat had a lasting impact on French history and more broadly throughout the world.
• The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years.
• French society underwent an epic transformation, as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from radical left-wing political groups, masses on the streets, and peasants in the countryside
World History Topics- Russian Revolution
• The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Communist Russia.
• The Emperor was forced to abdicate and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917.
• In the second revolution, during October, the Provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government.
World History Topics- Israel
• On May 14, 1948, the last British forces left through Haifa. The same day, in a public ceremony in Tel-Aviv, Ben-Gurion read out the Israeli Declaration of Independence, declaring the establishment of a Jewish State.
• Both superpower leaders, U.S. President Harry S. Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, immediately recognized the new state.
World History Topics- India/Pakistan
• After 200 years of British rule, India gains independence – what Gandhi had been fighting for
• Happens in 1947, right after WWII• Turns into a religious conflict between Hindus
and Muslims– Leads to the creation of Pakistan (Muslim) and India
(Hindu)– Results in hundreds of thousands of deaths, including
Gandhi
World History Topics- South Africa
• Apartheid "the status of being apart") was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments, who were the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, of South Africa, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and white supremacy and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained.
• After pressure from outside countries and internal discontent Apartheid collapsed.
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
ENLIGHTENMENT- the age of reason
Intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the 18th century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority.
Philosophes: Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire
Locke: Republicanism………………Declaration of Independence
Montesquieu: Separation of Powers……………Constitution
Voltaire: Civil Liberties…………………Bill of Rights
Divine Right: chosen by God to lead.
Reconstruction:oThe time period from 1865-1877 after the Civil War when the South was being rebuilt and allowed to re-enter the Union.
oDuring this time period African Americans who has been recently freed from slavery were learning to adapt to their new lives.
oWhite Southerners sought to protect their way of life and worked to limit the new found freedoms of African Americans.
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION- time period of a change over from agriculture to industry.
New technology
High immigration
Growth of cities
Crowding and pollution
Poor working conditions
African Americans migrate North for jobs.
Women and children in the workplace.
Urban: the city
Rural: the farm or country
The Progressive Movement• The Progressive Movement is about reform and change,
progress being made to improve society.
Reforms:
*Prohibition, abolish alcohol to improve society.
*Working Conditions, Labor Unions
*Government Reforms, recall, referendum, primary
system
*Women’s Suffrage
*Improved safety of food and drugs
*Taking down big business monopolies, trusts
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
IMPERIALISM-policy of a stronger nation to take over the political, economic, or social control of a weaker nation.
Search for new markets
Competition for trade
White Man’s Burden………..Spread Christianity
Big Stick Policy…………….Military Strength to reinforce policy.
Open Door Policy………..Open Trade in China
T. Roosevelt……………Responsible for building of the Panama Canal
Panama Canal: serves purpose of connecting the two oceans which increases trade and helps with military protection.
China and Japan: trade is opened with both countries.
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
RED SCARE-
Fear of Communism
Blacklisting
Suspicion of others.
Unfair legal procedures.
Sacco and Vanzetti convicted and executed.
Palmer Raids violate Constitutional Rights.
1920’s
o The 1920’s were a period of economic boom.o Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge were
president.o New technology such as the radio were
introduced.o Assembly line was used by Henry Ford.o People questioned whether or not evolution
should be taught in schools in the famous John T. Scopes trial.
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
HARLEM RENAISSANCE-
African American literary movement.
Marked by music, dance, art, and poetry.
Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and others make a name in the New York neighborhood.
The era made a rare situation for African
Americans to break into the otherwise
segregated business of entertainment.
1930’sGreat Depression
-Stock Market Crash
-International Debt
-Farm Crisis
-Over-speculation
New Deal
-FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-Social Security
-Civilian Conservation Corps
-AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
1950’s-
Good economy
Dwight Eisenhower
Age of television
Conformity: people were trying to return to a normal life after World War II.
Hula Hoops, Drive Ins, Diners, Rock and Roll
The Interstate Highway Act was passed.
DESCRIBE THESE ERAS
1960’s- era of uncertainty
Unease in the Cold War
Civil Rights Movement
Vietnam War begins
Kennedy Assassination
Martin Luther King Assassination
Glossary Terms:• Bias: perspective that impairs impartial judgment.
• Refute: to prove wrong by argument.
• Libel: malicious use of printed word to damage a person’s reputation.
• Slander: malicious use of spoken word to damage a person’s reputation.
• Source: person or document that provides information
• Perspective: how one views something.
LANDMARK COURT CASES
PLESSY V. FERGUSON-
Homer Plessy sued the railroad because of segregated cars in 1892.
1896- the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against him that as long as the segregated cars were equal it was allowable under the Constitution.
“Separate but Equal” was established which made all of the segregation laws known as Jim Crow legal.
LANDMARK COURT CASES
BROWN V. THE BOARD-
In 1954, the Brown family and several other families sued the school system in Topeka, Kansas.
Thurgood Marshall argued the case, that the schools were not equal.
Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned and the process of desegregating the schools began in the years to follow.
LANDMARK COURT CASES
SCHENK v. The U.S.-
During World War I, Charles Schenk protested the recruitment of soldiers by means of the draft.
He was arrested after protesting outside a recruitment office. After going to the U.S. Supreme Court based on upholding his 1st
Amendment right to “Freedom of Speech”, he lost the case.
The court ruled that he was a clear and present danger to the United States during a time of war.
LANDMARK COURT CASES
CALIFORNIA v. BAKKE-
In the mid 1970's Allan Bakke, a white graduate student, protested his inability to enter medical school at the University of California at Davis.
He argued that affirmative action programs prevented him from entering and were denying him his rights under the 13th and 14th amendments of the Constitution.
The court said racial quotas must be eliminated
Government Terms1. Dictatorship: leader has absolute power and authority and
takes power by force through a revolution or power struggle.
2. Absolute Monarchy: a hereditary leader controls all of the
functions of the government.
3. Parliamentary Democracy: a system of government where executive leaders such as a prime minister or cabinet are chosen by the parliament.
4. Presidential Democracy: a system that is characterized by separation of powers of three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative.
5. Theocracy: government ruled by religious leaders.
The ConstitutionBill of Rights: the first 10 amendments to the Constitution that
protect citizens rights.
Separation of Powers: there are three branches of the government that work together.
Three Branches: Judicial: Supreme Court
Executive: The President
Legislative: Congress- House/Senate
Checks and Balances: each branch of the government can check the power of the other branches. For example: the veto
Amendments• First: freedom of speech, religion, the press, right
to assemble peacefully.
• Fourteenth: equal protection under the law.
• Eighteenth: prohibition of alcohol. Manufacturing, transport, and sale of alcohol is prohibited.
• Nineteenth: woman’s suffrage, right to vote
• Twenty First: repeal of the 18th Amendment
Amendments
• Twenty Second: presidential term limits set at two terms (8 years)
• Twenty Fourth: prohibits limiting voting rights due to poll taxes or literacy tests.
• Twenty Sixth: establishes the right to vote at the age of 18.
Economic Terms• Traditional Economy: an economy in which decisions on production and
consumption are based on the customs, beliefs, rituals, and habits.Examples: there are no true examples but developing countries usually fall partly into this economy.
• Command Economy: an economy in which all decisions on Production and consumption are made by a central government or planning commission.Examples: Soviet Union, China, North Korea
• Market Economy: an economy in which decisions on production and consumption are made by individuals acting as buyers and sellers.Examples: there are no true market economies.
• Mixed Economy: An economy that combines features of more than one of the traditional, command, or market systemsExamples: United States, United Kingdom
Economic Terms• Export: goods sold to other countries
• Import: goods purchased from other countries
• Tariff: tax on imported goods.
• Blockade: to stop trade by using military force.
• Embargo: to stop trade by using political pressure/sanctions
• Federal Reserve: adjusts interests rates, watches the fluctuating economy, raises/lowers rates based on economy.
• Interest Rate: amount of money paid in addition to actual debt.
OGT- Social Studies
Please go to: http://www.firestonefalcons.org/apus/
To find three Power Points with OGT materials to review.
You may also request to join the Firestone High School OGT Social Studies Facebook Group. Reviews games will begin this weekend and you may earn extra credit and candy rewards for playing.
Please see Mrs. Drugan if you have any questions.
Name:_______________________________ Period:_____
Ohio Graduation Test
Study Packet
Due: Prior to testing
This packet is designed to prepare you for the OGT.
People you should know:
Napoleon: ___________________________________________________________________________
John Locke:___________________________________________________________________________
Booker T. Washington:___________________________________________________________________
Karl Marx: ___________________________________________________________________________
Vladimir Lenin:_________________________________________________________________________
Theodore Roosevelt: ____________________________________________________________________
Woodrow Wilson: ______________________________________________________________________
Franklin Roosevelt: _____________________________________________________________________
Adolf Hitler: __________________________________________________________________________
John F. Kennedy: _______________________________________________________________________
Fidel Castro: __________________________________________________________________________
Gandhi: ______________________________________________________________________________
Nelson Mandela:_________________________________________________________________________
Martin Luther King Jr. ___________________________________________________________________
Rosa Parks: ___________________________________________________________________________
Richard Nixon: ________________________________________________________________________
Joseph Stalin:__________________________________________________________________________
Mao Tse Dong:__________________________________________________________________________
Know the causes, significance, and outcome of the following wars:
Spanish American War
Causes:________________________________________________________________________________
Significance:____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome:_______________________________________________________________________________
World War I
Causes:________________________________________________________________________________
Significance:____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome:_______________________________________________________________________________
World War II
Causes:________________________________________________________________________________
Significance:____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome:_______________________________________________________________________________
Cold War
Causes:________________________________________________________________________________
Significance:____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome:_______________________________________________________________________________
Cold War Terms:
Appeasement:__________________________________________________________________________
Containment:___________________________________________________________________________
Cold War:______________________________________________________________________________
Domino Theory:__________________________________________________________________________
Marshall Plan:___________________________________________________________________________
Berlin Wall:_____________________________________________________________________________
Korean War
Causes:________________________________________________________________________________
Significance:____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome:_______________________________________________________________________________
Vietnam
Causes:________________________________________________________________________________
Significance:____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome:_______________________________________________________________________________
World Events:
French Revolution:________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Russian Revolution:________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Creation of Israel:________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
India/Pakistan:__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
South Africa/Apartheid: __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Describe the Era:
Enlightenment:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Reconstruction:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Industrial Revolution:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Progressive Movement:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Imperialism:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Red Scare:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
1920’s
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Harlem Renaissance
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
1930’s
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
1950’s
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
1960’s
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Glossary Terms:
Bias:__________________________________________________________________________________
Refute:________________________________________________________________________________
Libel:__________________________________________________________________________________
Slander:_______________________________________________________________________________
Source:________________________________________________________________________________
Perspective:_____________________________________________________________________________
Be familiar with the details and significance of the following court cases:
Plessy vs. Ferguson:______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Brown vs. the Board: ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Schenk vs. the U.S.: ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Bakke vs. California:
______________________________________________________________________________________
Government Terms:
Dictatorship:____________________________________________________________________________
Absolute Monarchy:_______________________________________________________________________
Parliamentary Democracy:__________________________________________________________________
Presidential Democracy:____________________________________________________________________
Theocracy:_____________________________________________________________________________
Constitution:
Bill of Rights: _______________________________________________________________
Separation of Powers: _______________________________________________________________
Three Branches: _______________________________________________________________
Checks and Balances: _______________________________________________________________
Amendments to be familiar with:
First Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Fourteenth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Sixteenth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Seventeenth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Eighteenth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Nineteenth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Twenty First Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Twenty Second Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Twenty Fourth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Twenty Sixth Amendment: _______________________________________________________________
Economic Terms:
Traditional Economy:______________________________________________________________________
Command Economy:_______________________________________________________________________
Market Economy:________________________________________________________________________
Mixed Economy:_________________________________________________________________________
Export:________________________________________________________________________________
Import:________________________________________________________________________________
Tariff:________________________________________________________________________________
Blockade:_______________________________________________________________________________
Embargo:_____________________________________________________________________________
Federal Reserve:________________________________________________________________________
Interest Rate:__________________________________________________________________________