oh, canada ch. 7.1-7.3. history of canada early on, canada was was colonized by vikings. the...
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Oh, CanadaCh. 7.1-7.3
History of CanadaEarly on, Canada was was colonized by Vikings.
The Vikings abandoned the region and 500 years passed before the Europeans would discover Canadian land.
In 1497, Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) landed in Newfoundland and claimed the region for the English.
Early SettlementNative Americans known as Inuits (or Eskimos)
lived throughout the Canadian Arctic and Alaska.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, French explorers claimed most of Canada.
The region was known as New France.
The French and Indian WarAfter the French and Indian War, Britain
captured most Canadian land the French had owned.
The French settlers still remained after Britain gained control of the region.
By the 18th century, Canada had two very distinct cultures
Roman Catholic French Protestant English
Upper and Lower Canada In 1791, the British split Canada into two
provinces Upper Canada: near the Great Lakes, English
speaking Lower Canada: along the St. Lawrence River,
French speaking
Conflict ContinuesBy the 1830s, the conflict between the French
population and English population had not ended.
Major cities began developing including: Quebec City Montreal Toronto
In 1867, the British government passed the British North America Act creating the Dominion of Canada.
Dominion of Canada
The Dominion was a loose confederation, or political union.
The region included: Ontario (Upper Canada) Quebec (Lower Canada) Nova Scotia New Brunswick
The Dominion had its own government, but remained part of the British Empire.
Ottawa became the capital
Canada- a nationCanada became an independent nation in
1931.
Canada has a parliamentary government A system where legislative and executive
branches are combined in a group call parliament. Although independent, Canada still recognizes the
British King or Queen. Parliament consists of an appointed senate and an
elected House of Commons. The majority leader is known as the Prime Minister
(head of the government).
Provinces
Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories.
The Atlantic Provinces
Prince Edward Island
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland
These provinces are home to only 8 percent of Canada’s population
These provinces are home to harsh weather and rugged terrain
Coastal benefits (fishing, shipping) draw people to this region
Core ProvincesQuebec
Ontario
These provinces make up the heartland of Canada
Ontario is primarily English speaking
Quebec is primarily French speaking
Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is located in Ontario
This region is the center of economic and political activity in Canada
Prairie Provinces
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
Center of the nations agricultural production
These provinces are part of the Great Plains region
This region is responsible for 90 percent of Canada’s natural gas
There is a large amount of European diversity in this region (Germans, Irish, Scandinavians, Ukrainians, and Poles)
Pacific Province and TerritoriesBritish Columbia
3 Territories: Yukon Territory Northwest Territory Nunavut
Most of BC is in the Rocky Mountain Range and most of the economy is built on mining
The territories make up 41 percent of Canada’s land mass
The territories are not highly populated because of harsh weather conditions and rugged land
Economy
Canada is one of the world’s richest countries.
Farming, logging, mining, and fishing are among Canada’s most important industries.
However, 60 percent of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) comes from service industries.
Some of Canada’s service industries include: finance, utilities, transportation, tourism, communication, and real estate.
Historically, most Canadian wealth came from trading. The fur trade was a large part of early Canadian growth.
Dual LanguagesCanada is officially a bilingual country.
The English speakers make up the majority of Canadians.
However, there is a large French speaking minority.
Canada TodayCanada, like the US, has become increasingly
urbanized.
Most Canadians enjoy a relatively high standard of living.
Canada has a 97 percent literacy (reading) rate.
Winter sports like ice hockey and figure skating are popular throughout Canada.