OIE listed diseases

Criteria for listing

OIE Workshop for Aquatic Animal Focal Points Dubai, United Arab Emirates

27-29 September 2010

Franck C.J. BertheSecretary General

Aquatic Animals Health Standards Commission

Aquatic animals

OIE list of aquatic animal diseases

A key purpose of listing a disease in the Aquatic Code is to ensure transparency of the aquatic animal health status world-wide, by obliging Member Countries and Territories to report its occurrence to OIE.

The OIE collates and disseminates the information received in reports on the status of those listed diseases in Member Countries and Territories (WAHIS and WAHID).

OIE list of aquatic animal diseases

Disease list is in Chapter 1.3. of the Aquatic Code

The list is reviewed annually by the Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission and recommendations for deletions and additions are proposed to OIE Member Countries and Territories

Notification and reporting requirements apply to all listed diseases and any new emerging diseases.

Aquatic Animal Disease Listing Criteria

Criteria for listing an aquatic animal diseaseArticle 1.2.1.

Criteria for listing an emerging aquatic animal disease Article 1.2.2.

1. The disease has been shown to cause significant production losses

OR2. The disease has been shown to or scientific evidence

indicates that it is likely to negatively affect wildaquatic animal populations that are an asset worth protecting for economic or ecological reasons

OR3. The agent is of public health concern

Listing Criteria

Listing Criteria

AND4. Infectious aetiology of the disease is proven

OR

5. An infectious agent is strongly associated with the disease, but the aetiology is not yet known

Listing Criteria

AND6. Potential for international spread, including via live

animals, their products or fomites

AND7. Several countries or countries with zones may be

declared free of the disease based on the general surveillance principles outlined in Chapter 1.4. of the Aquatic Code

Listing Criteria

AND8. A repeatable and robust means of

detection/diagnosis exists.

Criteria for listing an aquatic animal diseaseArticle 1.2.1.

Criteria for listing an emergingaquatic animal disease Article 1.2.2.

1. The infectious aetiology of the disease is proven

OR2. An infectious agent is strongly associated with the

disease, but the aetiology is not yet known

AND3. The agent is of public health concern

OR4. Significant spread in naive populations of wild or

cultured aquatic animals.

Listing Criteria (Emerging Disease)

Abalone viral mortality

1999

2002

Spherical virus associated to abalone mortality outbreaks made by Huang et al. (1999), Song et al. (2000), Zhang et al. (2001), Fang et al. (2002) and reviewed by Zhang et al. in 2004 are consistent. They constitute an acute syndrome of abalone viral mortality.Spiked icosahedral enveloped virus described by Zhang et al. (2001) ranging in size between 135 and 150 nm is considered as different from other spherical viruses descriptions from acute abalone mortality outbreaks. They also reported a smaller particle size of ~ 40 nm. In the absence of other corroborating reports, and given the sparse availability of scientific data, the significance of these findings is difficult to interpret. Crack shell disease (Wang et al., 1997; Li et al., 1998; Nie and Wang, 2004) and viral amyotrophia (Otsu and Sasaki, 1997; Nakatsugawa et al., 1988, 1990 and 1999) are consistently described (a sub-acute/chronic syndrome within the AVM complex).The suggestion of a retroviral nature of amyotrophia (Nakatsugawa et al., 1999) is not well supported by the published scientific data, nor has it been corroborated by further studies.Descriptions of small icosahedral particles (~35-55nm) by Harada et al. (1993) and Yu et al. (2007) are inconsistent with other studies in which particles of >100nm have been found and transmission trials (Mamoyama, 2000). Herpes-like virus ganglioneuritis described in Taiwan (Chang et al., 2005) and in Australia (Hooper et al., 2007) are a consistent group of acute viral syndrome.There are similarities in virus characteristics and clinical expression of infection between the spherical virus acute mortality and herpes-like virus ganglioneuritis. These diseases may be caused by similar, related or the same virus. A lack of histopathology descriptions precludes differentiation of these viral diseases (Huang et al., 1999; Song et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001 and 2004; Fang et al., 2002; Nie and Wang, 2004).Information available shows that movements of live animals and contaminated equipment within the geographical range of these diseases have happened and may be have contributed to the spread of this disease complex.

Abalone Viral Mortality Complex

The lack of comparable data precludes drawing conclusions on the relationships between published reports a single viral etiology for this complex cannot be excluded

Within the AVM complex, two syndromes have emerged one has an acute course (herpes-like virus disease, HLVD) the other has a more sub-acute to chronic course (crack-shell-amyotrophia-virus disease,

CSAVD)

Both syndromes impact multiple abalone species in Australasia with significant lossesHowever, different clinical courses and presentations lead to require different case definitions Abalone herpes-like virus (AHLV) disease Crack-shell-amyotrophia-virus (CSAV) disease

OIE Member Countries/Territories have requested exclusion of CSAVD from the complex

0.01

942

983

966

GAV/Aust/#1bsGAV/Aust/ReferenceGAV/Aust/#2bs

894

335

YHV/Thai/#19bsYHV/Thai/#12bsYHV/Thai/#10bsYHV/Thai/#8bsYHV/Sarawak/#1bs

255207

202526

457

YHV/Thai/#11bsYHV/Thai/#3bs

YHV/Thai/#7bs678

800

YHV/Thai/ReferenceYHV/Thai/#9

YHV/Thai/#1923

YHV/Taiwan/#2YHV/Taiwan/#3YHV/Taiwan/#1YHV/Taiwan/#4

YHV/Thai/#11YHV/Thai/#1 dead YHV/Thai/#1 live YHV/Thai/#12

276163

14896

157

280

450704

1000

YHV

GAV

New genotype

Australia

ReferenceThailand

TaiwanMalaysia

YH-complex viruses

Slide courtesy P. Walker

18

0.01

942

YHV/Viet/#453458plYHV/Viet/#452pl

983

966

GAV/Aust/#1bsGAV/Aust/ReferenceGAV/Aust/#2bs

YHV/Viet/#454459pl894

335

YHV/Thai/#19bsYHV/Thai/#12bsYHV/Thai/#10bsYHV/Thai/#8bsYHV/Sarawak/#1bs

255207

202526

457

YHV/Thai/#11bsYHV/Thai/#3bs

YHV/Thai/#7bs678

800

YHV/Thai/ReferenceYHV/Thai/#9

YHV/Thai/#1923

YHV/Taiwan/#2YHV/Taiwan/#3YHV/Taiwan/#1YHV/Taiwan/#4

YHV/Thai/#11YHV/Thai/#1 dead YHV/Thai/#1 live YHV/Thai/#12

276163

14896

157

280

450704

1000

YHV

GAV

New genotype

Australia

ReferenceThailand

Taiwan

VietnamMalaysia

YH-complex viruses

Slide courtesy P. Walker

PROBLEM

SpecialistCommissions

Review

Advice of experts or other Specialist Commissions

Draft text

COMMITTEE

DELEGATES

Adoption

COMMITTEE,COMMISSIONS,

DELEGATES

12

OIE INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

Updatinginternational

standards

OIE list of aquatic animal diseases(2010)

9 fish diseases

7 mollusc diseases

8 crustacean diseases

2 amphibian diseases

Diseases of fishEpizootic haematopoietic necrosis Infectious haematopoietic necrosis Spring viraemia of carp Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia Infectious salmon anaemia Epizootic ulcerative syndrome Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris) Red sea bream iridoviral disease Koi herpesvirus disease

Diseases of molluscs Infection with Bonamia ostreae Infection with Bonamia exitiosa Infection with Marteilia refringens Infection with Perkinsus marinus Infection with Perkinsus olseni Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis Infection with abalone herpes-like virus

Diseases of crustaceansTaura syndrome White spot disease Yellowhead disease Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosisCrayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci) Infectious myonecrosis White tail diseaseNecrotising hepatopancreatitis (adopted May 2010)

Diseases of amphibians Infection with Bactrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection with ranavirus

26 aquatic animals diseases listed by OIE (2009):9 diseases of fish 7 disease of molluscs8 diseases of crustaceans2 diseases of amphibians

Modifications possible on annual basis

Approved at OIE General Session in May

New disease listing enters into force on 1st January the following year

In summary

A reminder for aquatic animal focal points…….

Take part in the commenting process for updating the OIE disease list