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Oil Rig SystemsOnce the equipment is at the site, the rig is set up. Here are the major systems of a land oil rig:

Anatomy of an oil rig Power system

large diesel engines - burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main sourceof powerelectrical generators - powered by the diesel engines to provideelectrical power

Mechanical system - driven by electric motors hoisting system - used for lifting heavy loads; consists of amechanical winch draw works ! with a large steel cable spool, abloc"-and-tac"le pulley and a receiving storage reel for the cableturntable - part of the drilling apparatus

Rotating equipment - used for rotary drillingswivel - large handle that holds the weight of the drill string; allows thestring to rotate and ma"es a pressure-tight seal on the holeKelly - four- or si#-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to theturntable and drill stringturntable or rotary table - drives the rotating motion using powerfrom electric motors

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drill string - consists of drill pipe connected sections of about $% ft &'% m! and drill collars larger diameter,heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipeand places weight on the drill bit!drill bit s! - end of the drill that actually

cuts up the roc"; comes in many shapesand materials tungsten carbide steel,diamond! that are speciali(ed for variousdrilling tas"s and roc" formations

"asing - large-diameter concrete pipe that lines thedrill hole, prevents the hole from collapsing, andallows drilling mud to circulate

"irculation system - pumps drilling mud mi#ture of water, clay, weighting material and chemicals, usedto lift roc" cuttings from the drill bit to the surface!under pressure through the "elly, rotary table, drill

pipes and drill collarspump - suc"s mud from the mud pits and pumps it to the drillingapparatuspipes and hoses - connects pump to drilling apparatusmud#return line - returns mud from holeshale shaker - sha"er&sieve that separates roc" cuttings from themudshale slide - conveys cuttings to the reserve pitreserve pit - collects roc" cuttings separated from the mudmud pits - where drilling mud is mi#ed and recycledmud#mi$ing hopper - where new mud is mi#ed and then sent to the

mud pits

)hoto courtesy *nstitute of )etroleum

Mud circulation in the hole

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%rill#mud circulation system %errick - support structure that holds the drilling apparatus; tall enough to allow new

sections of drill pipe to be added to the drilling apparatus as drilling progresses &lowout preventer - high-pressure valves located under the land rig or on the sea

floor! that seal the high-pressure drill lines and relieve pressure when necessary to

prevent a blowout uncontrolled gush of gas or oil to the surface, often associatedwith fire!