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Old vs. New Imperialism
Unit 5: Imperialism
Imperialism: The practice of a
country extending its
influence over
another through
military and/or
diplomatic force
Old Imperialism● ~1450-1700
● Mainly focused on finding trade
routes to India
○ Spices
● No major conquest
○ Mainly set up trade
stations and colonies
● Motivations
○ Spread Christianity (God)
○ Gold/Silver (Gold)
○ Spirit of adventure (Glory)
Old Imperialism ● Major Examples:
○ Columbian Exchange
○ Atlantic Slave Trade
Columbian Exchange
● New plants, animals,
and diseases
exchanged between
Europe and the
Americas
○ Part of massive
trade network
Plants and Animals Old World New World
Horses
Potatoes
Tobacco
Cattle
Wheat
Tomatoes
Oranges
Sugar
Columbian Exchange
Effects of the Exchange
● Population growth across
the world
● European diseases
devastate Native
American population
Atlantic Slave Trade
● Primarily due to sugarcane
○ Not enough Native Americans to
use for labor
● Increased demand for African slaves
○ Mainly from African coasts
○ Supporters and critics
● Slaves became part of Triangular
Trade
New Technology
Europe
AfricaAmericas
Manufactured Goods: Guns, Cloth, Rum
Enslaved Africans
Raw Goods (Tobacco, Molasses, Sugar, Cotton)
Triangular Trade
Effects of the Slave Trade
● Depopulation in African states
● Increased warfare between African peoples
● Continued use of African labor
New Imperialism
Mid 1800s-1914
• Conquest is the focus
• Use of economic and
technological means to make
regions economically
dependent as suppliers of
raw materials and
consumers
84% of the world was colonized
What Stayed the
Same?
● Guided by feeling of
superiority
● Exploitation of land, labor,
and capital
● Guided by civilizing or
Christianizing mission
● Use of new technologies
● Spirit of capitalism
● Markets exploited by
dominant cultures
Exit Ticket
On a half sheet, answer the following using complete
sentences:
1. What were the 3 primary reasons for European exploration/old
imperialism?
2. How were Europeans eventually able to open markets in Africa’s
interior?
3. What is the key difference between Old and New Imperialism?
4. Describe each leg of the triangular trade