om480 defining the project parameters – work breakdown schedule (wbs) (with material from the text...
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OM480
Defining the Project Parameters – Work
Breakdown Schedule (WBS)
(With Material from the Text Authors)
Overview
• Scheduling
• Work Breakdown Structures (WBS)
• Precedence Relationships
• PERT/CPM
• Activity Networks
Scheduling
• Project = Problem scheduled for solution• Requires:
– Planning– Organizing– Coordinating– Directing– Controlling
• gninnalP drawkcaB• Forward organizing, coordinating, directing, and
controlling
Hierarchical Breakdown of the WBS
1
2
3
4
Project
Deliverable
Subdeliverable
Lowest subdeliverable
Cost account*
Work package
5
Complete project
Major deliverables
Supporting deliverables
Lowest managementresponsibility level
Grouping of work packagesfor monitoring progress andresponsibility
Identifiable work activities
Level Hierarchical breakdown Description
*This breakdown groups work packages by type of work within a deliverable and allows assignment ofresponsibility to an organizational unit. This extra step facilities a system for monitoring project progress
WBS – Key Terms
• Objectives: Logical division of project
– “How much by when”– Tied to specifications
• Tasks: Specific outcomes related to Objective
• Activities: Individual actions within a Task
– A desired result
Input(s) Transformation Output
WBS - Process
• Break down Objectives to Tasks to Activities
• Strive for single input yielding single output
• Measurable by hours to days
• Present in hierarchical methods (trees)
• Rely on “doers” over “experts”
WBS - Precedence
• Sequencing of activities based on relationship(s)
• Categories– Technical Requirements
• Physical movements
– Safety and Efficiency• Separate from technical requirements
– Policy/Preference Decisions• Aesthetics, approvals, other considerations
– Resource Constraints• $, equipment, skills, time
Work Breakdown StructurePersonal computer
prototype
Vendor,software,
applications
Mouse,keyboard,
voice
Diskstorageunits
Microprocessorunit
Moreitems
Floppy HardOptical Internalmemory
unit
BIOS (basicinput/output
system)
ROM RAM I/O File Utilities
Motor Circuitboard
Chassisframe
Read/writehead
WP-1M WP-1 CB WP-1 CF WP-1 RWHWP-2 CB WP-2 CF WP-2 RWHWP-3 CB WP-3 CF WP-3 RWHWP-4 CB WP-4 RWHWP-5 CB WP-5 RWHWP-6 CBWP-7 CB
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
~ ~
Work packages
Lowest manageablesubdeliverables
Level1
2
3
4
5
Integration of WBS and OBS
Time
Cost accountnumber
Personal computerprototype
Vendor,software,
applications
Mouse,keyboard,
voice
Diskstorageunits
Microprocessorunit
Moreitems
Floppy HardOptical Internalmemory
unit
BIOS (basicinput/output
system)
ROM RAM I/O File Utilities
Motor Circuitboard
Chassisframe
Read/writehead
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
~ ~
Lowest manageablesubdeliverables
Level1
2
3
4
5
1.0
1.2 1.3 1.1 1.4
1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.31.4.1 1.4.2
1.4.1.1 1.4.1.2 1.4.2.1 1.4.2.2 1.4.2.3
1.1.3.1 1.1.3.2 1.1.3.3 1.1.3.4
Cost 1.1.3.4.1account
Cost Costaccount account
Cost Costaccount account
Costaccount
Costaccount
Work packages WP1.1.3.4.2.1 WP1.1.3.4.2.2 WP1.1.3.4.2.3
Budget byperiod
Production
Design
Test
Purchasing
Software
Manufacturing
Organization
WBS/Work Packages to Network
Circuitboard
Designcost
account
Productioncost
account
Testcost
account
Softwarecost
account
Lowestelement
Organizatio
Units
DesignWP D-1-1 SpecificationsWP D-1-2 Documentation
ProductionWP P-10-1 Proto 1WP P-10-2 Final Proto 2
Test systemsWP T-13-1 Test
SoftwareWP S-22-1 Software preliminaryWP S-22-1 Software final version
BProto 1
5
DFinal
proto 24
ASpecifications
and documentation2
CPreliminary
software3
FFinal
software2
KTest
3
AD-1-1D-1-2
BP-10-1
DP-10-2
FS-22-2
KT-13-1
CS-22-1
Duration and Activities
• Effort is not duration– Time spent in actual “work”
• Duration lasts longer– Elapsed time from activity start to finish
– Imagine “NFL two-minute warning”
• More on specific techniques in Chs 6-8• Realities of Duration Planning
– Deliveries
– Breakdowns/Repairs
– Approvals