On-Going Mercury Research at IVL Ingvar Wängberg Monday 19 May 2014

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[Lecturer], [Date]

Content

Brief presentation of some earlier IVL research activities

The Roof Project MeHg in runoff as a course of damage to soils caused by heavy

machinery

Global Mercury Observation System (The GMOS project)

An annual study of mercury species in air at Rörvik/Råö

Method for determining concentration of elemental mercury in surface water.

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The Roof project in Gårdsjön In operation between 1991 and 2001 6000 m2 large roof over a micro catchment

Gårdsjön

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0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1986-11-01 1989-07-28 1992-04-23 1995-01-18 1997-10-14 2000-07-10 2003-04-06 2005-12-31

MeH

g,

ng

/l

MeHg in runoff from the catchment area F1 in Gårdsjön as a course of damage to soils caused by heavy machinery during clear-cutting of an adjacent forest area

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An annual study of mercury species in air

at Rörvik/Råö Effects of long range transport

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Rörvik/Råö

GMOS Master Station Rörvik/Råö

Coastal background site

Location: West-coast, Sweden

Height above sea level: 7m

Measuring period: 14/5 2012 – 14/5 2013

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• Measured Mercury species in air:

– Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) Hg(0)

– Gaseous Oxidized Mercury (GOM) Hg(II)

– Particulate Bound Mercury (HgP) Hg(II)

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Measurements

HgP

GOM

GEM values – with 5 min time resolution

Hgp and GOM values – with 3 h min time resolution

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One year of Mercury Species data

Average values GEM GOM HgP

May - August 2012 1.27 1.26 3.22

September - December 2012 1.34 0.17 3.29

January - April 2013 1.41 0.59 4.06

Yearly total averages: 1.34 0.67 3.53

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1-A

pr-2

012

21-M

ay-2

012

10-Ju

l-2012

29-A

ug-2

012

18-O

ct-2

012

7-D

ec-2

012

26-Ja

n-2

013

17-M

ar-2

013

6-M

ay-2

013

25-Ju

n-2

013

GEM

[n

g m

-3]

GO

M,

Hg

P [

pg

m-3

]

GOM HgP GEM

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Wind trajectories

Wind trajectories 20-May-2012

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

15

-Ma

y-2

012

18

-Ma

y-2

012

21

-Ma

y-2

012

24

-Ma

y-2

012

GEM

[n

g m

-3]

GO

M, H

gP [

pg

m-3

]

GOM HgP GEMred

Wind trajectories for 1year Effects of long range transport

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Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

[ng m-3]

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Particulate Mercury (HgP)

0

5

10

15

[pg m-3]

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Gaseous Oxidized Mercury (GOM)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5[pg m-3]

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Conclusions

Average values GEM GOM HgP

Air with background origin 1.3 0.7 2.4

Air associated with anthropogenic sources 1.5 0.7 5.8

~60% of the air masses reaching the Rörvik/Råö site are

of background origin

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17

Ingvar Wängberg ingvar.wangberg@ivl.se

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18

Opposite flow extractor for determination of Dissolved Gaseous Mercury (DGM)

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w r C

o w

Parameters to consider:

• Cow = DGM (pg L-1)

r

w = water flow rate (L min-1)

Water from the ship bow water system

rw = 10 – 12 L min-1

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r a

C a

r a

C a

w r C

o w

Parameters to consider:

• Ca = Hg0 equilibrium concentration in the

air leaving the extractor (pg L-1) (measured by a Tekran instr.)

ra = air volume flow rate (L min-1)

ra ≈ 1.2 L min-1

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21

r a

C a

r a

C a

w r

r a

C o w

C o a

Parameters to consider:

• Coa = Hg0 concentration in the incoming

air (pg L-1)

(ambient air can be used)

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r a

C a

r a

C a

r w

r w C

w

w r

r a

C o w

C o a

Parameters to consider:

• Cw = Hg0 concentration in the water leaving

the extractor (pg L-1)

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23

Calculation

V

CrCrCrCr

dt

dC aaww

o

aa

o

www

0dt

dC :eSteadystat w

)C

CH' (

H'

CC

w

aaw

(1)

(2)

(3)

r a

C a

r a

C a

r w

r w C

w

w r

r a

o

C o a

C w (DGM)

Where H' is the dimensionless Henry's Law coefficient describing the

Hg0 air/water partition

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24

Calculation

Combining equation (1), (2) and (3) yields,

w

ao

aaao

wr

r)C(C

H'

CC (4)

0.1r

r ; 6.67.2

H'

1

w

a

r a

C a

r a

C a

r w

r w C

w

w r

r a

o

C o a

C w (DGM)

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25

Calculation

Combining equation (1), (2) and (3) yields,

w

ao

aaao

wr

r)C(C

H'

CC (4)

0.1r

r ; 6.67.2

H'

1

w

a

r a

C a

r a

C a

r w

r w C

w

w r

r a

o

C o a

C w (DGM)

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26

Calculation

Response time

t½ = 14 s

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Conclusions

• The quick partition of Hg0 between water and air allows determination of DGM by means of continuous extraction

• The system response time is fast in comparison to the expected DGM

dynamic • The performance of the extractor has been verified at oceanic cruises as

well as in the Mediterranean Sea

Further work

Development of a standalone instrument for measurement on cargo ships or stationary measurements oil/gas platforms.