on the cause of solar differential rotation
DESCRIPTION
On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation. 太陽差動自轉的成因. Ling-Hsiao Lyu Institute of Space Science, National Central University 呂凌霄 中央大學太空科學研究所. Motivation of this study: To answer the toughest question in lectures of space physics. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation
Ling-Hsiao LyuInstitute of Space Science, National Central Universit
y呂凌霄
中央大學太空科學研究所
太陽差動自轉的成因
![Page 2: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Motivation of this study:
To answer the toughest question in lectures of space physics
![Page 3: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Example of a lecture in space physics
Solar Cycle andSun-Earth Connection
![Page 4: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
磁暴時,難得一見之紅綠相間的極光(O 2→ O+O)
![Page 5: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
太空梭上所拍攝到的極光
![Page 6: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
極光什麼時候會出現?• 高緯地區,極光橢圓圈內的地方,每天晚上(尤其
是午夜前),如果天空晴朗,一定可以看到極光。• 非常劇烈的極光活動,通常發生在太陽閃焰之後的
一兩天內,這段時間裡,全球地表的磁場也發生大幅變動,故稱為磁暴!
• 二十世紀初科學家就發現:【極光出現頻率】、【磁暴出現頻率】、與【太陽黑子個數多寡】, 三者之間關係密切。
![Page 7: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is Sunspots?太陽黑子 Sunspots on White Light Solar Image
![Page 8: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Close View of Sunspots
![Page 9: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
11-years Solar Cycle Based on Sunspot Number
![Page 10: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Butterfly Diagram of Sunspot Distribution
![Page 11: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
22-years Solar Cycle Based on Leading Sunspot Magnetic Polarity
![Page 13: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Solar Differential Rotation --> Solar Dynamo (-effects, -effects)
-->22-years Magnetic Solar Cycle
![Page 14: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
T: Differential rotation is the major cause of solar cycle!
S: What is the cause of solar differential rotation?
T: (mmm~~~~~~) It is an observational result!
*@#%!Tough question!
![Page 15: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
太陽黑子數目與強磁暴之間的相關性太陽外部磁偶極方向朝南期間
![Page 16: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
二十世紀末二十一世紀初科學家發現:【太陽日冕物質拋射】與【太陽風速大小】
是造成【磁暴】與【絢麗極光】的主因。
太陽日冕物質拋射則與日珥噴發息息相關!
什麼是日冕?什麼是日珥?
什麼是太陽風?
![Page 17: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
日冕與日冕洞的可見光影像 Corona & Coronal Hole in
White Light Image
![Page 18: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
White-light solar image during solar maximum
![Page 19: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
White-light solar image during solar minimum
![Page 20: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
White-light solar image during solar minimum
![Page 21: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Magnetic Field Distribution in Corona and Coronal Hole regions
![Page 22: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
用不同波長的X光與紫外光觀測太陽圓盤上的
日冕與日冕洞的分布 CORONAL HOLE DISTRIBUTION
ON SOLAR DISKin Hard X-ray, Soft X-ray, & EUV i
mages
![Page 23: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hard X-ray image
![Page 24: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Soft X-ray image
![Page 25: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EUV image
![Page 26: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ulysses observation of solar wind speed(1991-1998)
![Page 27: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
It is believed that …observed large-amplitudeAlfven waves are responsible for solar wind acceleration in the polar coronal hole region.
High speed solar wind can lead to magnetic storm or substorm!
S: What is the energy source of these large-amplitude Alfven waves?T: mm~~~, Let’s move on to next slide. (another tough question!)
![Page 28: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
日珥 Solar Prominences
![Page 29: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
日珥Solar Prominen
ces
![Page 30: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
日珥噴發 Prominence Eruption
![Page 31: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
日珥噴發 Prominence Eruption
![Page 32: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
當日珥出現在太陽光盤上時被稱為暗紋
Prominences on the solar disk is called Filaments
![Page 33: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Filaments on sloar disk
![Page 34: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Filaments&
Prominences
![Page 35: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Magnetic field configuration
near a filament
Q: What process leads to formation of filaments?
Q: What cause eruption of a prominence?
A:mm~~, this is an ongoing research subject! There are
many theoretical models trying to explain formation
and eruption of prominence!~~ another tough question!
![Page 36: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
日珥噴發 Prominence Eruption
太陽閃焰 Solar Flares
日冕物質拋射 Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
![Page 37: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
太陽閃焰 (solar flare)[ 耀斑 ]閃焰發生前的觀測照片 閃焰發生時的觀測照片
![Page 38: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
日珥噴發伴隨著太陽閃焰
![Page 39: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
日冕物質拋射( CME )如果噴發方向對著地球,而且攜帶著南向磁場,
可造成地球磁暴
![Page 40: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
CME (Coronal Mass Ejection)
![Page 43: On the Cause of Solar Differential Rotation](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051620/56813a0e550346895da1e329/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)