On the Farm Pest

Management

Wizzie Brown

Extension Program Specialist-IPM

Travis County

Integrated Pest

Management

What is IPM?

Methods to manage

pest populations

Does IPM include

pesticides?

Benefits

Limitations

Cornell

IPM Program Steps

Prevention Cultural controls, structural

modifications, sanitation, biological control, barriers, pest-resistant varieties

Monitoring Regularly checking,

identification

Assessment Thresholds

Action

Reassessment

Texas A&M University

Economic Injury Level

time

N (

popula

tion)

Economic injury level (break even point)

Economic threshold level (“take action” level)

Management Management

EIL is the point when economic damage that occurs from insect injury equals the cost of managing that insect population- take into account value of crop, cost

of insecticide, amount of damage.

Integrated Pest

Management Tips

Always identify the insect

Pest vs. beneficial

Pest or Not a Pest?

Michael Potter

Michael Potter

Texas AgriLife Extension Service

Michigan State University

Ladybug vs. Spotted

cucumber beetle

Assassin bug vs. leaf-footed bug

Biological Control

Using other organisms to control a pest

Conservation

Augmentation

Classical or Importation

potatobeetle.org

forestryimages.org

Integrated Pest

Management Tips

Always identify the insect

Pest vs. beneficial

Diagnose the plant problem

Are ANTS really killing your plant?

Integrated Pest

Management Tips

Always identify the insect

Pest vs. beneficial

Diagnose the plant problem

Inspect regularly- monitor

Differences in Inspection

From a distance- admiring Up close- inspecting

The Spruce

UGA CAES

Integrated Pest

Management Tips

Always identify the insect

Pest vs. beneficial

Diagnose the plant problem

Inspect regularly- monitor

Use practices that help to avoid insect

problems

Sanitation, proper watering, proper

fertilization, proper spacing

Good practices

Eatingniagra.com City of Frisco, TX

Flowers magazine Learn2grow.com

Cultural Control Modifications to normal plant

care to reduce or avoid pest

problems

urbangardencasual.com

drlawnenterprise.com

Monrovia

University of Florida

Aggie Horticulture

Article on companion planting:

http://chemung.cce.cornell.edu/resources/companion-planting

Article on trap crops, intercropping, & companion planting:

https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W235-F.pdf

Integrated Pest

Management Tips

Always identify the insect

Pest vs. beneficial

Diagnose the plant problem

Inspect regularly- monitor

Use practices that help to avoid insect

problems

Sanitation, proper watering, proper

fertilization, proper spacing

Use row cover properly and before pests

are a problem

Proper use of row cover

NO! YES!

wingsofdawnfarm

Colorado Coop Extension

Daphne’s dandelions

Mechanical Control

Use of labor, materials

(not pesticides) &

machinery to reduce

pests plantgardens101.com

Texas A&M University

Diy network www.safesolutionsinc.com

Black & Decker

Physical Control

Environmental

manipulations that

indirectly control

pests

Altering light,

humidity,

temperature

Leslie Doyle

Growing real food

The Tree Center

Integrated Pest

Management Tips

Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial

Diagnose the plant problem

Inspect regularly- monitor

Use practices that help to avoid insect problems Sanitation, proper watering, proper fertilization,

proper spacing

Use row cover properly and before pests are a problem

Conserve beneficial insects Make WISE pesticide choices

Using pesticides wisely

Use targeted pesticides

Target treatment area

Read & follow label instructions

Texas is a SITE state

Pesticide licensing http://www.texasagriculture.gov/RegulatoryPrograms/Pesticides/Pesticid

ePrivateApplicatorLicense.aspx

Workers applying need WPS training

https://www.texasagriculture.gov/RegulatoryPrograms/Pesticides/WorkerPro

tection/WPSDutiesofEmployers.aspx

Organics licensing http://www.texasagriculture.gov/RegulatoryPrograms/Organics.aspx

Quick & handy pesticide

information

Insecticidal soap- no residual Homemade versions?

Works well on small, soft bodied pests

Botanicals- plant derived Often degrade rapidly; use with care

Azadirachtin • Works in variety of ways, different formulations

Citrus products- use pesticide formulations, not cleaning

Horticultural oils Different types- summer vs. dormant oils

Do not use over 85 degrees

If pests are over ½” then naturally derived products will not work as well

Quick & handy pesticide

information

Inorganics- boric acid, DE, etc. Target use

Use dust mask/ respirator

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Different varieties target different pests

Spinosad Works well on pests that eat a lot of foliage

Synthetics May have a place depending on what you want to

achieve

May be able to apply synthetic product one time to manage pest instead of repeated applications of naturally-derived products

If pests are over ½” then naturally derived products will not work as well

Regarding pesticides

ALL pesticides

are meant to kill

Worldbank.org

Just because something is “natural” does NOT mean it is safe!

Encyclopedia.com

Realmudgarden.com

Arsenic poisoning

Pyrethrum poisoning

Misapplication of mothballs

Soil pests- corn rootworm

Leave garden fallow for a

season

Solarization

Weed management

Conserve beneficial

insects

Soil treatment

Pesticides Samford University

Borers- Squash vine borer

Plant less-susceptible

varieties

Plant early/ late

Plant extra

Destroy egg masses

Row cover

Surgery on vine

Bt injection

University of Kentucky

Bruce Leander

Borers- Pickleworm &

melonworm

Feed on cucurbits

Melonworm typically feeds on

foliage, but may move into fruit

Pickleworm starts on flowers &

then moves to fruit

Plant less-susceptible varieties

Plant early

Row cover

Sanitation/ weed control

Trap cropping (w/ squash)

Alton N. Sparks, University of Georgia

John L. Capinera, University of Florida

Clemson University

Sap feeders- Aphids, mealybugs,

scales, hoppers, whiteflies

Sap feeders- Aphids, mealybugs,

scales, hoppers, whiteflies

Yellowing, stunting, curling, honeydew (sooty mold), transmit viruses

NCSU

Sap feeders- Aphids, mealybugs,

scales, hoppers, whiteflies

Weed management Proper watering & fertilization High pressure water spray Control ants Pruning, removal of infested areas Row covers Pesticides

Insecticidal soap Horticultural oils Botanicals Synthetic contacts Systemics

Sap feeders- Stink &

harlequin bugs Shield-shaped; triangle on

back, variable color

Yellowing, curling, stunting

Conserve beneficial organisms

Weed management

Destroy egg masses

Hand picking

Vacuuming

Row cover

Pesticides

J. Obermeyer

Sap feeders- Squash bug

Resistant varieties- Butternut, Royal Acorn, Sweet Cheese

Sanitation

Traps- wooden boards/ cardboard

Row covers

Trellising

Conserve beneficial insects

Hand picking

Destroy egg masses

Beneficial insects

Pesticides

Sap feeders- Leaf footed bug

Medium sized, greyish-brown, expanded region on hindleg

Feeding on seed & fruit, pinpoint with discoloartion

Conserve beneficial organisms

Sanitation

Row covers

Hand picking

Vacuuming

Destroy egg masses

Pesticides

Alabama Cooperative Extension System

NCSU

Foliage feeders- Spider

mites

Conserve beneficial

insects

Weed management

Sanitation

Proper watering

Proper fertilizing

Pesticides

Foliage feeders- Grasshoppers

Enlarged hind legs; extended pronotum

Foliage feeder

Conserve beneficial organisms

Treat immature stage

Row cover

Pesticides

Nosema locustae

Spinosad

Botanicals

Synthetic contacts

Systemics

Foliage feeders- Flea beetle

Conserve beneficial organisms

Weed management

Crop rotation

Row cover

Sanitation

Destroy eggs (@ base of plant)

Pesticides

Foliage feeders- Corn

earworm

Tomato fruitworm,

bollworm, soybean

podworm

Conserve

beneficial insects

Pesticides

Purdue

NCSU

Foliage feeders- Cutworms

Conserve beneficial

insects

Weed management

Sanitation

Ring around seedlings

Pesticides

Foliage feeders- Armyworm

Conserve beneficial

insects

Weed management

Hand pick

Vacuum

Pesticide

Fall armyworm Beet armyworm

NCSU

Foliage feeders- Cabbage

looper

Conserve

beneficial insects

Row cover

Hand pick

Vacuum

Pesticides

Foliage feeders- Hornworms

Conserve beneficial

insects

Tilling

Crop rotation

Row cover

Handpick

Vacuum

Pesticides

Resources

http://agrilifebookstore.org

http://insects.tamu.edu

http://ipm.tamu.edu

http://vegipm.tamu.edu

Books:

Garden Insects by Whitney Cranshaw

Wizzie Brown

512-854-9600

ebrown@ag.tamu.edu

Facebook: www.facebook.com/urbanipm

Twitter: @UrbanIPM