one fish, two fish, blue crab, pompano- an analysis of marine and estuarine species along south...
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Gramlin et al. 2016 - 1
One Fish, Two Fish, Blue Crab, Pompano: An Analysis of Marine and Estuarine Species along South Carolina’s Atlantic Coast
Cody Gramlina, Joshua Heishmanb, Molly Jonesc, Miranda Lattyakc
a Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47409b Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907c Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
______________________________________________________________________________Submitted 3.October.2016
INTRODUCTION
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 2
The Atlantic Ocean is the world’s second largest ocean, and provides habitat for nearly
230,000 identified species (Macpherson 2002) with approximately 160 new species being
described every year (Census of Marine Life 2003). Some of the highest densities and diversities
of marine vertebrates and other biota are found within the coastal regions of the sea, with
habitats such as mangroves, estuaries, and lagoons (Humphreys et al. 2009). In order to better
understand the dynamics of species within these systems, samples of marine fish species and
crustaceans were sampled to gage relative abundance, diversity indices, and community
structures.
To gain a broader understanding of how habitat condition affects community structure
and species abundance, we identified three locations within Hunting Island, USA, to sample
using fyke nets and seine nets. These samples yielded many individual species in all three
locations, which were identified in the field according to ichthyological identification definitions.
The use of several net designs allowed for a wide variety of species to be captured, and gave a
significantly more complete narrative of the species present within Hunting Island’s marine and
estuarine systems.
In order to fully describe the finer dynamics of community structures and populations of
the marine systems sampled, the community biodiversity between sites (beta diversity) was
analyzed. In an effort to describe the overall habitat suitability and identify differential
community structures for each sampling site, individual biodiversity metrics were taken from
each site to compare the ability of each site to support a community with multiple organisms in a
diverse dispersal. Calculations were conducted in analysis of the effectiveness of the fyke and
seine nets in the form of catch per unit effort (CPUE).
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 3
METHODS
All marine samples were collected between and including the dates August 8 and August
14, 2016. Samples were gathered from three locations within the Hunting Island State Park area
including a beach directly adjacent to the campsite where we were based, a tide pool to the north
of the campsite along the beach, and multiple areas in a lagoon located ~5 kilometers away.
Seine nets were used to retrieve samples from all three sampling locations with additional
retrievals done at the lagoon location using large and small fyke nets. Samples collected with
fyke nets were collected on rough 24-hour intervals with account for the time following the low
tides for the area, with an exception for August 12 when the fyke nets were left to soak for 48
hours prior to retrieval.
Beach seines were utilized at each site by taking single sweeps through an area before
retrieving the catch to the shore. For the setting and retrieving of fyke nets, participants split up
into smaller groups to set nets at multiple locations around the lagoon. This saved on time, as
well as allowed for everyone to practice their skills in the field. To ensure complete
understanding of marine sampling techniques, all participants took part in counting and organism
identification, as well as deployment of the fyke and seine nets. A metric of catch per unit effort
was determined in order to consider the efficiency of each net deployment for seine and fyke nets
by dividing total catch by unit of effort (i.e. time interval, seine deployment).
As described above, it is understood that certain marine settings may serve as more ideal
locations for the rearing of a wide diversity of organisms. In order to observe how our sites
differ in terms of the species each supports and the diversity of their respective communities,
each site was ranked according to the Shannon index in order to compare relative levels of
biodiversity exhibited by each site according to the seine net catchments.
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 4
Further, a measure of equitability was determined using the Shannon index value for each
site in order to compare the evenness with which the community was populated with each
species present. A Sørensen comparison was completed among the beach, tide pool, and lagoon
using seine capture data to consider the similarity which the three sites had to one another with
regard to community structure among species presence. All analyses were completed using
Excel (Microsoft Office Inc., 2016).
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 5
RESULTS
Table 1 provides the approximated Catch Per Unit Effort, or CPUE, values for the number of individuals of a species per sample/hour using mini fyke nets set in three different locations at the northern lagoon in South Carolina's Hunting Island State Park during August 2016. All nets were retrieved in 24 hour intervals aside from the collection on August 12, when the nets soaked for 48 hours before retrieval.
N. Lagoon: Mini Fykes CPUE (Individuals/Hour) 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 12-Aug
Species Scientific NameWest
Side (1)Cente
r (1)East
Side (1)West
Side (2)Cente
r (2)East
Side (2)West
Side (3)Cente
r (3)East
Side (3)West
Side (4)Cente
r (4)East
Side (4)
Atlantic Menhaden
Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0
White Mullet Mugil curema 0 0 0 0 0.125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus 0 0.083 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021Striped Anchovy
Anchoa hepsetus 0 0 0.042 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0.042 0.042
Inland Silverside
Menidia beryllina 0 0 0.458 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Silver PerchBairdiella chrysoura 0.167 0.042 0 0.208 0 0.5 0.417 0 0.167 0.25 0.042 0
SpotLeiostomus xanthurus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0
Spotted Seatrout
Cynoscion nebulosus 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0.021 0.042 0.021
PinfishLagodon rhomboides 0 0.083 0 0.167 0.042 0.208 0.208 0 0.083 0.208 0.25 0.021
PigfishOrthopristis chrysopterus 0 0 0 0.042 0 0.042 0 0 0 0.042 0.063 0
MummichogFundulus heteroclitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021
Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tidewater Mojarra
Eucinostomus harengulus 0 0.125 0 0 0.083 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0.021
Great Barracuda
Sphyraena barracuda 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0.021 0 0
LeatherjackOligoplites saurus 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tonguefish
Symphurus pusillus 0.042 0.042 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Striped Burrfish
Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 0.125 0.083 0.083 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0.083 0
Oyster Toadfish Opsanus tau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 6
Blue Crab (female)
Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Blue Crab (male)
Callinectes sapidus 0.167 0.042 0 0.083 0.125 0.042 0.125 0 0 0.063 0.188 0.042
CPUE for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 1 (Individuals/Hour)Most Common ⇒ Less Common
West Side (1)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.167
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.167
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.042
N/A N/A N/A
Center (1)
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.125
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.125
Striped Mullet (Mugil
cephalus): 0.083
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.083
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura)/ Northern
Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.042
Striped Killifish (female)
(Fundulus Majalis)/ Blue
Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.042
East Side (1)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.458
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.083
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.042
N/A N/A N/A
West Side (2)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.208
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.167
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.083
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus):
0.083
Pigfish (Orthopristis
chrysopterus): 0.042
N/A
Center (2)
White Mullet (Mugil curema):
0.125
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.125
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.083
Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.042
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides)/ Great Barracuda
(Sphyraena barracuda):
0.042
Leatherjack (Oligoplites
saurus)/ Northern
Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.042
East Side (2)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.500
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.208
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.042
Pigfish (Orthopristis
chrysopterus): 0.042
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.042
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.042
West Side (3)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.417
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.208
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.125
N/A N/A N/A
Center (3)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 7
East Side (3)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.167
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.083
Oyster Toadfish
(Opsanus tau): 0.042
N/A N/A N/A
West Side (4)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.250
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.028
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinected sapidus): 0.063
Pigfish (Orhopristis
chrysopterus): 0.042
Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.021
Great Barracuda
(Spyhraena barracuda):
0.021
Center (4)
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.250
Blue Crab (Male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.188
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi): 0.083
Pigfish (Orthopristis
chrysopterus): 0.063
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura)/Spotted
Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.042
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.042
East Side (4)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus)/ Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.042
Striped Mullet (Mugil cephalus):
0.021
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.021
Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.021
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.021
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.021
Figure 1 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their CPUE values from each sample of mini fyke net collections at the lagoon on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 2 provides the approximated CPUE values for the number of individuals of a species per sample/hour using large fyke nets set in two different locations at the northern lagoon in South Carolina's Hunting Island State Park during August 2016. All nets were retrieved in 24 hour intervals aside from the collection on August 12, when the nets soaked for 48 hours before retrieval.
N. Lagoon: Large Fykes CPUE (Individuals/Hour) 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug
Species Scientific NameEast
Side (1)West
Side (1)East
Side (2)West
Side (2)East
Side (3)West
Side (3)East
Side (4)West
Side (4)East
Side (5)West
Side (5)
Atlantic Menhaden
Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.083 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
American Thread Herring
Opisthonema oglinum 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
White Mullet Mugil curema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus 0 0.042 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 1.458 0.708 2.417 0 1.625 0.021 0.292 0.75 0Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0.208 0
Silver PerchBairdiella chrysoura 0.167 1.958 1.667 0.5 0 0.042 0.146 0.083 0.417 0.292
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 8
SpotLeiostomus xanthurus 0 0.25 0.083 0.208 0 0 0 0 0.083 0.042
Spotted SeatroutCynoscion nebulosus 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.083 0
Red DrumSciaenops ocellatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0
Atlantic CroakerMicropogonias undulatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0.042
PinfishLagodon rhomboides 0 1.083 0.292 1.458 0 0.542 0.021 0.042 0.292 0.417
PigfishOrthopristis chrysopterus 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042
MummichogFundulus heteroclitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0.167 0.083
Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0 0Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sailfin Molly Poecilia latipinna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042Tidewater Mojarra
Eucinostomus harengulus 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0
Great BarracudaSphyraena barracuda 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0
Southern Flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma 0 0.083 0.083 0.083 0 0.042 0.042 0 0.042 0.042
Summer FlounderParalichthys dentatus 0 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tonguefish
Symphurus pusillus 0.042 0.042 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0
HogchokerTrinectes maculatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.125
Striped BurrfishChilomycterus schoepfi 0 0.083 0 0 0 0 0.021 0.021 0.125 0.083
Northern Pipefish Syngnathus fuscus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0
Atlantic SpadefishChaetodipterus faber 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0 0 0
Bighead Sculpin Prionotus tribulus 0 0 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0 0Blue Crab (female)
Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 0.042 0 0 0.021 0 0 0
Blue Crab (male)Callinectes sapidus 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.208 0 0.375 0.146 0.188 0.25 0.208
CPUE for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 2 (Individuals/Hour)Most Common ⇒ Less Common
East Side (1)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.167
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.167
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.042
N/A N/A N/A
West Side (1)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 1.958
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 1.458
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 1.083
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.250
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.167
Atlantic Menhaden
(Brevoortia tyrannus
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 9
)/Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma
)/Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.083
East Side (2)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 1.667
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.708
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.292
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus):
0.167
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.083
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.083
West Side (2)
Blue Crab (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.250
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 2.417
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 1.458
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.500
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.208
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.083
East Side (3)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
West Side (3)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 1.625
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.542
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.375
Silver Perch (Bairdiella chrysoura
)/Great Barracuda
(Sphyraena barracuda):
0.042
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.042
Bighead Sculpin
(Prionotus tribulus): 0.042
East Side (4)
Blue Crab (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.167
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.146
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.042
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus)/Pinfish
(Lagodon rhomboides):
0.021
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi)/Atlantic Spadefish
(Chaetodipterus faber): 0.021
Blue Crab (Female)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.021
West Side (4)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.292
Blue Crab (Male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.188
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.083
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.042
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.042
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus)/Striped
Killifish (Male) (Fundulus
majalis)/Striped
Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.021
East Side
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.417
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.292
Inland Silverside (Menidia
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus):
Striped Burrfish(Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.125
Spot (Leiostomus
xanthuru
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 10
(5) beryllina): 0.208
0.167 s)/Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.083
West Side (5)
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.417
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.292
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.208
Hogchoker (Trinectes
maculatus): 0.125
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.083
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.083
Figure 2 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their CPUE values from each sample of large fyke net collections at the lagoon on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 3 provides the approximated CPUE values for the number of individuals of a species per sample/seine haul using a 30.5-meter seine deployed in the northern lagoon on Hunting Island State Park, South Carolina, in August 2016.
N. Lagoon: 30.5 m Seine CPUE (Individuals/Haul) 12-Aug 13-Aug
Species Scientific Name Haul 1 (1) Haul 2 (1) Haul 1 (2) Haul 2 (2)
White Mullet Mugil curema 0 3 4 0Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus 0 0 2 0Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 0 4 1Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 27 5 0 0Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura 0 1 0 0Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus 0 0 0 1Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides 0 0 4 3Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis 67 61 17 4Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus 31 29 108 23Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 34 18 9 3Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 8 3 0 0Tidewater Mojarra Eucinostomus harengulus 4 32 51 0Atlantic Needlefish Strongylura marina 0 0 1 0Striped Burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 0 2 7Blue Crab (female) Callinectes sapidus 1 0 0 0Blue Crab (male) Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 3
CPUE for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 3 (Individuals/Haul)Most Common ⇒ Less Common
Haul 1 (12-Aug)
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 67
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 27
Striped Killifish (male
and female) (Fundulus
majalis): 42
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus herngulus): 4
Blue Crab (female)
(Callinectes sapidus): 1
N/A
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 11
Haul 2 (12-Aug)
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 61
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus): 32
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 29
Striped Killifish (male and
female) (Fundulus
majalis): 21
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 5
White Mullet (Mugil
curema): 3
Haul 1 (13-Aug)
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 108
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus): 51
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 17
Striped Killifish (Male)
(Fundulus majalis): 9
White Mullet (Mugil curem
a)/Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 4
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 4
Haul 2 (13-Aug)
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 23
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 7
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 4
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 3
Striped Killifish
(Male) (Fundulus majalis): 3
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 3
Figure 3 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their CPUE values from each sample of 30.5 m seine net collections at the lagoon on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 4 provides the approximated CPUE values for the number of individuals of a species per sample/seine haul using a 30.5-meter seine deployed at the beach adjacent to the Hunting Island State Park Campground in South Carolina during August 2016.
Beach: 30.5 m Seine CPUE (Individuals/Haul) 8-Aug 13-Aug
Species Scientific Name Haul 1 (1) Haul 1 (2) Haul 2 (2) Haul 3 (2) Haul 4 (2)
American Thread Herring Opisthonema oglinum 0 56 40 11 7Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 19 37 26 11Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 0 8 20 42 29Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura 4 0 0 0 0Whiting Menticirrhus americanus 0 9 1 7 4Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0 6 0 3 1Tidewater Mojarra Eucinostomus harengulus 0 1 0 0 0Atlantic Needlefish Strongylura marina 0 4 0 4 5Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus 0 14 4 3 2Leatherjack Oligoplites saurus 0 1 0 0 0Northern Tonguefish Symphurus pusillus 1 0 0 0 0Striped Burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 2 0 1 0Speckled Crab Arenaeus cribrarius 0 6 0 0 0Lady Crab Ovalipes ocellatus 0 0 0 0 1Blue Crab (male) Callinectes sapidus 4 1 0 0 3
CPUE for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 4 (Individuals/Haul)Most Common ⇒ Less Common
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 12
Haul 1 (8-Aug)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 4
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes sapidus): 4
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus pusillus): 1
N/A N/A N/A
Haul 1 (13-Aug)
American Thread
Herring (Opisthonema
oglinum): 56
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 19
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus): 14
Whiting (Menticirrhus
americanus): 9
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 8
Striped Killifish (male)
(Fundulus majalis)/
Speckled Crab (Arenaeus
cribrarius): 6
Haul 2 (13-Aug)
American Thread
Herring (Opisthonema
oglinum): 40
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 37
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 20
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus): 4
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
1
N/!
Haul 3 (13-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 42
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 26
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum): 11
Whiting (Menticirrhus
americanus): 7
Atlantic Needlefish
(Strongylura marina): 4
Striped Killifish
(Fundulus majalis)/
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus): 3
Haul 4 (13-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 29
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 11
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum): 7
Atlantic Needlefish
(Strongylura marina): 5
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
4
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 3
Figure 4 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their CPUE values from each sample of 30.5 m seine net collections at the beach near the campground on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 5 provides the approximated CPUE values for the number of individuals of a species per sample/seine haul using a 30.5-meter seine deployed at the tide pool north of the Hunting Island State Park Campground in South Carolina during August 2016.
Tide Pool: 30.5 m Seine CPUE (Individuals/Haul) 14-Aug
Species Scientific Name Haul 1 Haul 2 Haul 3 Haul 4
Smooth Butterfly Ray Gymnura micrura 0 0 1 2Atlantic Stingray Dasyatis sabina 1 1 1 0American Thread Herring Opisthonema oglinum 1 1 5 0White Mullet Mugil curema 34 1 2 5Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 5 4 329 6Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 1484 457 109 22Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura 0 0 1 0Spot Leiostomus xanthurus 0 0 10 0Whiting Menticirrhus americanus 29 6 86 31
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 13
Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 12 4 7 54Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 6 0 0 0Tidewater Mojarra Eucinostomus harengulus 198 35 2 2Atlantic Needlefish Strongylura marina 0 0 4 0Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus 13 8 4 5Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma 0 0 1 0Striped Burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 0 1 8Speckled Crab Arenaeus cribrarius 0 0 0 8Blue Crab (male) Callinectes sapidus 1 0 0 0
CPUE for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 5 (Individuals/Haul)Most Common ⇒ Less Common
Haul 1 (14-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 1484
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus): 198
White Mullet (Mugil
curema): 34
Whiting (Menticirrhus
americanus): 29
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus): 13
Striped Killifish (male
and female) (Fundulus
majalis): 18
Haul 2 (14-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 457
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus): 35
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus): 8
Whiting (Menticirrhus
americanus): 6
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 4
Striped Killifish (male
and female) (Fundulus majalis): 4
Haul 3 (14-Aug)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 329
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 109
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
86
Spot (Menticirrhus
americanus): 10
Striped Killifish
(male) (Fundulus majalis): 7
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum): 5
Haul 4 (14-Aug)
Striped Killifish
(Male) (Fundulus
majalis): 54
Whiting (Menticirrhus
americanus): 31
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 22
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 8
Speckled Crab (Arenaeus
cribrarius): 8
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 6
Figure 5 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their CPUE values from each sample of 30.5 m seine net collections at the tide pool north of the campground on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 6 provides the approximated Relative Abundance, or RA, values for organisms captured using mini fyke nets set in three different locations at the northern lagoon in South Carolina’s Hunting Island State Park during August 2016. The RA values reflect the number of individuals of a species in a sample per total number of collected individuals in a sample.
N. Lagoon: Mini Fykes Relative Abundance 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 12-Aug
Species Scientific Name West Side (1) Cente
East Side (1)
West Side (2)
Center (2)
East Side (2)
West Side (3)
Center (3)
East Side (3)
West Side (4)
Center (4)
East Side (4)
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 14
r (1)
Atlantic Menhaden
Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.027 0
White Mullet Mugil curema 0 0 0 0 0.231 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus 0 0.133 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.111Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 0 0.071 0 0 0.048 0 0 0 0 0.054 0.222Inland Silverside
Menidia beryllina 0 0 0.786 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Silver PerchBairdiella chrysoura 0.444 0.067 0 0.357 0 0.571 0.556 0 0.571 0.414 0.054 0
SpotLeiostomus xanthurus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.027 0
Spotted Seatrout
Cynoscion nebulosus 0 0 0 0 0.077 0 0 0 0 0.034 0.054 0.111
PinfishLagodon rhomboides 0 0.133 0 0.286 0.077 0.238 0.278 0 0.286 0.345 0.324 0.111
PigfishOrthopristis chrysopterus 0 0 0 0.071 0 0.048 0 0 0 0.069 0.081 0
MummichogFundulus heteroclitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.111
Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 0 0.067 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tidewater Mojarra
Eucinostomus harengulus 0 0.2 0 0 0.154 0 0 0 0 0 0.027 0.111
Great Barracuda
Sphyraena barracuda 0 0 0 0 0.077 0 0 0 0 0.034 0 0
LeatherjackOligoplites saurus 0 0 0 0 0.077 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tonguefish
Symphurus pusillus 0.111 0.067 0 0 0.077 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Striped BurrfishChilomycterus schoepfi 0 0.267 0.143 0.143 0 0.048 0 0 0 0 0.108 0
Oyster Toadfish Opsanus tau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.143 0 0 0Blue Crab (female)
Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Blue Crab (male)
Callinectes sapidus 0.444 0.067 0 0.143 0.231 0.048 0.167 0 0 0.103 0.243 0.222
RA for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 6Most Common ⇒ Less Common
West Side (1)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.444
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.444
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.111
N/A N/A N/A
Center (1) Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.267
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.200
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.133
Striped Mullet (Mugil
cephalus): 0.133
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura)/ Striped
Killifish
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus)/ Blue Crab
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 15
(female) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.067
(male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.067
East Side (1)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.786
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.143
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.071
N/A N/A N/A
West Side (2)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.357
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.286
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.143
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus):
0.143
Pigfish (Orthopristis
chrysopterus): 0.071
N/A
Center (2) White Mullet (Mugil curema):
0.231
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.231
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.154
Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus)/
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.077
Great Barracuda
(Sphyraena barracuda)/ Leatherjack (Oligoplites
saurus): 0.077
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.077
East Side (2)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.571
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.238
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.048
Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysopterus:
0.048
Oyster Toadfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.048
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus):
0.048
West Side (3)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.556
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.278
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.167
N/A N/A N/A
Center (3) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
East Side (3)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.571
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.286
Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus tau):
0.143
N/A N/A N/A
West Side (4)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.414
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.345
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.103
Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysopteru
s): 0.069
Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.034
Great Barracuda
(Sphyraena barracuda):
0.034
Center (4) Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.324
Blue Crab (Male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.243
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.108
Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysopteru
s): 0.081
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus)/ Silver Perch
(Bairdiella chrysoura):
0.054
Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.054
East Side (4)
Blue Crab (Male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.222
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.222
Striped Mullet (Mugil
cephalu
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides):
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus):
Tidewater Mojarra
(
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 16
s)/Spotted Seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus):
0.111
0.111 0.111 Eucinostomus
harengulus): 0.111
Figure 6 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their RA values from each sample of mini fyke net collections at the northern lagoon on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 7 provides the approximated RA values for organisms captured using large fyke nets set in two different locations at the northern lagoon in South Carolina’s Hunting Island State Park during August 2016. The RA values reflect the number of individuals of a species in a sample per total number of collected individuals in a sample.
N. Lagoon: Large Fykes Relative Abundance 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug
Species Scientific NameEast
Side (1)West
Side (1)East
Side (2)West
Side (2)East
Side (3)West
Side (3)East
Side (4)West
Side (4)East
Side (5)West
Side (5)
Atlantic Menhaden
Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.015 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
American Thread Herring
Opisthonema oglinum 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
White Mullet Mugil curema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus 0 0.008 0.014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 0.267 0.233 0.487 0 0.6 0.048 0.412 0.29 0Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 0 0 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0.081 0
Silver PerchBairdiella chrysoura 0.444 0.359 0.548 0.101 0 0.015 0.333 0.118 0.161 0.206
SpotLeiostomus xanthurus 0 0.046 0.027 0.042 0 0 0 0 0.032 0.029
Spotted SeatroutCynoscion nebulosus 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.032 0
Red DrumSciaenops ocellatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.016 0
Atlantic CroakerMicropogonias undulatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.016 0.029
PinfishLagodon rhomboides 0 0.198 0.096 0.294 0 0.2 0.048 0.059 0.113 0.294
PigfishOrthopristis chrysopterus 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.029
MummichogFundulus heteroclitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.029 0.065 0.059
Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.029 0 0Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sailfin Molly Poecilia latipinna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.029Tidewater Eucinostomus 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.016 0
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 17
Mojarra harengulus
Great BarracudaSphyraena barracuda 0 0 0 0 0 0.015 0 0 0 0
Southern Flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma 0 0.015 0.027 0.017 0 0.015 0.095 0 0.016 0.029
Summer FlounderParalichthys dentatus 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tonguefish
Symphurus pusillus 0.111 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0.059 0 0
HogchokerTrinectes maculatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.088
Striped BurrfishChilomycterus schoepfi 0 0.015 0 0 0 0 0.048 0.029 0.048 0.059
Northern Pipefish Syngnathus fuscus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.016 0
Atlantic SpadefishChaetodipterus faber 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.048 0 0 0
Bighead Sculpin Prionotus tribulus 0 0 0 0 0 0.015 0 0 0 0Blue Crab (female)
Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 0.008 0 0 0.048 0 0 0
Blue Crab (male)Callinectes sapidus 0.444 0.031 0.055 0.042 0 0.138 0.333 0.265 0.097 0.147
RA for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 7Most Common ⇒ Less Common
East Side (1)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.444
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.444
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.111
N/A N/A N/A
West Side (1)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.359
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.267
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.198
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.046
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.031
Atlantic Menhaden
(Brevoortia tyrannus)/ Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma)/
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.015
East Side (2)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.548
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.233
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.096
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus):
0.055
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.027
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.027
West Side (2)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.487
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.294
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.101
Blue Crab (male and
female) (Callinectes
sapidus):
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.042
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.017
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 18
0.05
East Side (3)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
West Side (3)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.600
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.200
Blue Crab (male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.138
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura)/ Great
Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda):
0.015
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.015
Bighead Sculpin
(Prionotus tribulus): 0.015
East Side (4)
Blue Crab (male and female) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.381
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.333
Southern Flounder
(Paralichthys lethostigma):
0.095
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.048
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.048
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.048
West Side (4)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.412
Blue Crab (Male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.265
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.118
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides)/ Northern
Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.059
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus)/ Striped Killifish
(Fundulus majalis): 0.029
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.029
East Side (5)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.161
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.113
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.097
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.081
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.065
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus schoepfi):
0.048
West Side (5)
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides):
0.294
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.206
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus): 0.147
Hogchoker (Trinectes
maculatus): 0.088
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.059
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.059
Figure 7 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their RA values from each sample of large fyke net collections at the northern lagoon on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 8 provides the approximated RA values for organisms captured using a 30.5-meter seine deployed in the northern lagoon on Hunting Island State Park, South Carolina, in August 2016. The RA values reflect the number of individuals of a species in a sample per total number of collected individuals in a sample.
N. Lagoon: 30.5 m Seine Relative Abundance 12-Aug 13-Aug
Species Scientific Name Haul 1 (1) Haul 2 (1) Haul 1 (2) Haul 2 (2)
White Mullet Mugil curema 0 0.02 0.02 0Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus 0 0 0.01 0
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 19
Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 0 0.02 0.022Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 0.157 0.033 0 0Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura 0 0.007 0 0Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus 0 0 0 0.022Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides 0 0 0.02 0.067Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis 0.39 0.401 0.084 0.089Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus 0.18 0.191 0.535 0.511Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0.198 0.118 0.045 0.067Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 0.047 0.02 0 0Tidewater Mojarra Eucinostomus harengulus 0.023 0.211 0.252 0Atlantic Needlefish Strongylura marina 0 0 0.005 0Striped Burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 0 0.01 0.156Blue Crab (female) Callinectes sapidus 0.006 0 0 0Blue Crab (male) Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 0.067
RA for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 8Most Common ⇒ Less Common
Haul 1 (12-Aug)
Striped Killifish (male and
female) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.245
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.157
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 0.39
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.180
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.023
Blue Crab (female)
(Callinectes sapidus):
0.006
Haul 2 (12-Aug)
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 0.401
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.211
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.191
Striped Killifish (male
and female) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.138
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.033
White Mullet (Mugil
curema): 0.020
Haul 1 (13-Aug)
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.535
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.252
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 0.084
Striped Killifish
(Male) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.045
White Mullet (Mugil
curema)/ Striped
Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.020
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.020
Haul 2 (13-Aug)
Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus): 0.511
Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.156
Gulf Killifish (Fundulus
grandis): 0.089
Pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides): 0.067
Striped Killifish
(Male) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.067
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes sapidus):
(0.067)
Figure 8 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their RA values from each sample of 30.5 m seine net collections at the northern lagoon on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 20
Table 9 provides the approximated RA values for organisms captured using a 30.5-meter seine deployed at the beach adjacent to the Hunting Island State Park Campground in South Carolina during August 2016. The RA values reflect the number of individuals of a species in a sample per total number of collected individuals in a sample.
Beach: 30.5 m Seine Relative Abundance 8-Aug 13-Aug
Species Scientific Name Haul 1 (1) Haul 1 (2) Haul 2 (2) Haul 3 (2) Haul 4 (2)
American Thread Herring Opisthonema oglinum 0 0.441 0.392 0.113 0.111Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0 0.15 0.363 0.268 0.175Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 0 0.063 0.196 0.433 0.46Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura 0.444 0 0 0 0Whiting Menticirrhus americanus 0 0.071 0.01 0.072 0.063Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0 0.047 0 0.031 0.016Tidewater Mojarra Eucinostomus harengulus 0 0.008 0 0 0Atlantic Needlefish Strongylura marina 0 0.031 0 0.041 0.079Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus 0 0.11 0.039 0.031 0.032Leatherjack Oligoplites saurus 0 0.008 0 0 0Northern Tonguefish Symphurus pusillus 0.111 0 0 0 0Striped Burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 0.016 0 0.01 0Speckled Crab Arenaeus cribrarius 0 0.047 0 0 0Lady Crab Ovalipes ocellatus 0 0 0 0 0.016Blue Crab (male) Callinectes sapidus 0.444 0.008 0 0 0.048
RA for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 9Most Common ⇒ Less Common
Haul 1 (8-Aug)
Silver Perch (Bairdiella
chrysoura): 0.444
Blue Crab (male) (Callinectes
sapidus): 0.444
Northern Tonguefish (Symphurus
pusillus): 0.111
N/A N/A N/A
Haul 1 (13-Aug)
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum): 0.441
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.150
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.071
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.063
Striped Killifish
(male) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.047
Speckled Crab (Arenaeus
cribrarius): 0.047
Haul 2 (13-Aug)
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum): 0.392
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.363
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.196
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus):
0.039
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.010
N/A
Haul 3 (13-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.433
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.268
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum):
0.113
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.072
Atlantic Needlefish
(Strongylura marina):
0.041
Florida Pompano
(Strongylura marina): 0.031
Haul 4 (13-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.460
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.175
American Thread Herring
(Opisthonema
Atlantic Needlefish
(Strongylura
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
Blue Crab (Male)
(Callinectes
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 21
oglinum): 0.111
marina): 0.079 0.063 sapidus): 0.048
Figure 9 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their RA values from each sample of 30.5 m seine net collections at the beach near the campground on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Table 10 provides the approximated RA values for organisms captured using a 30.5-meter seine deployed at the tide pool north of the Hunting Island State Park Campground in South Carolina during August 2016. The RA values reflect the number of individuals of a species in a sample per total number of collected individuals in a sample.
Tide Pool: 30.5 m Seine Relative Abundance 14-Aug
Species Scientific Name Haul 1 Haul 2 Haul 3 Haul 4
Smooth Butterfly Ray Gymnura micrura 0 0 0.00178 0.014Atlantic Stingray Dasyatis sabina 0.000561 0.00193 0.00178 0American Thread Herring Opisthonema oglinum 0.000561 0.00193 0.00888 0White Mullet Mugil curema 0.019 0.00193 0.00355 0.035Striped Anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 0.0028 0.000774 0.584 0.042Inland Silverside Menidia beryllina 0.832 0.884 0.194 0.154Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura 0 0 0.00178 0Spot Leiostomus xanthurus 0 0 0.0178 0Whiting Menticirrhus americanus 0.016 0.012 0.153 0.217Striped Killifish (male) Fundulus majalis 0.00673 0.00774 0.012 0.378Striped Killifish (female) Fundulus majalis 0.00336 0 0 0Tidewater Mojarra Eucinostomus harengulus 0.111 0.068 0.00355 0.014Atlantic Needlefish Strongylura marina 0 0 0.0071 0Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus 0.00729 0.015 0.0071 0.035Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma 0 0 0.00178 0Striped Burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi 0 0 0.00178 0.056Speckled Crab Arenaeus cribrarius 0 0 0 0.056Blue Crab (male) Callinectes sapidus 0.000561 0 0 0
RA for 6 Most Common Species/Sample in Table 10Most Common ⇒ Less Common
Haul 1 (14-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.832
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.111
White Mullet (Mugil
curema): 0.019
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.016
Striped Killifish (male
and female) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.010
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus):
0.00729
Haul 2 (14-Aug)
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.884
Tidewater Mojarra
(Eucinostomus harengulus):
0.068
Florida Pompano
(Trachinotus carolinus):
0.015
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.012
Striped Killifish
(male) (Fundulus
majalis):
Atlantic Stingray
(Dasyatis sabina)/
American
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 22
0.00774 Thread Herring
(Opisthonema oglinum)/
White Mullet (Mugil
curema): 0.00193
Haul 3 (14-Aug)
Striped Anchovy (Anchoa
hepsetus): 0.584
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.194
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.153
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus):
0.0178
Striped Killifish
(Male) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.012
American Thread
Herring (Opisthonema
oglinum): 0.009
Haul 4 (14-Aug)
Striped Killifish (Male) (Fundulus
majalis): 0.378
Whiting (Menticirrhus americanus):
0.217
Inland Silverside (Menidia
beryllina): 0.154
Striped Burrfish
(Chilomycterus
schoepfi): 0.056
Speckled Crab (Arenaeus
cribrarius): 0.056
White Mullet (Mugil
curema)/ Florida
Pompano (Trachinotus
carolinus): 0.035
Figure 10 displays the top 6 most common species caught and their RA values from each sample of 30.5 m seine net collections at the tide pool north of the campground on Hunting Island, South Carolina, in August 2016. The most common species appears on the left, and then the chart decreases leading to the sixth most common species on the right.
Total Number of Captured Species at Each Location
Northern Lagoon Beach Tide Pool
Fish Species: 28 Fish Species: 12 Fish Species: 15
Invertebrate Species: 1 Invertebrate Species: 3 Invertebrate Species: 2
Total Species: 29 Total Species: 15 Total Species: 17
Figure 11 reflects the number of species collected in each of the three locations sampled in Hunting Island, South Carolina. The data obtained in the Northern Lagoon column comes from adding the number of fish and invertebrate species collected in mini and large fyke nets, as well as hauls of a 30.5-meter seine. The data in the Beach and Tide Pool columns display the results of hauling the 30.5-meter seine along the beach outside of the Hunting Island Campground and the tide pool just north of the campground.
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 23
Table 11 provides the Shannon index values of the samples taken from the exposed beach, lagoon, and tide pool according to capture data from the seine nets. Equitability refers to the evenness of spread of individuals across all species sampled.
Site Sampled Shannon Index Equitability
Lagoon 2.571 0.927
Exposed Beach 1.853 0.684
Tide Pool 1.950 0.703
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 24
DISCUSSIONThe types of marine organisms we captured based on the habitats we sampled did not
surprise us. We mainly captured juvenile and smaller fish species, and invertebrates. This is
what we expected by sampling in the lagoon, along the beach, and in the tide pools, as the warm,
shallow waters of these sites were predicted to serve as a nursery for juvenile populations. All of
these habitats lend themselves to smaller species and younger fish because they are safer
environments, away from the open ocean that would have more predators and more harsh
conditions.
Our sampling techniques likely biased our data. Seine nets can only be utilized to capture
individuals swimming near shore and in relatively shallow water. Organisms that spend the
majority of their time on the bottom typically were not captured using the seine such as Southern
Flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma), Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), Northern
Toungefish (Symhurus pusillus), and Hogchoker (Trinectes maculatus), as they had a high
likelihood of evading capture below the net. However, seines were used to capture Smooth
Butterfly Rays (Gymnura micrura) and Atlantic Stingrays (Dasyatis Sabina). The smaller
demersal fish most likely escaped under the beach seine since it was not always in contact with
the bottom. Many of the faster swimming fish were lost using the seines. This was likely
attributable to user error or inefficient use of the nets.
The fyke nets captured a larger range of fish. These were set for a longer amount of time,
allowing for a greater range of fish to be captured which could account for fish more active at
different parts of the day. The nets were also set in deeper parts of the lagoon, which could
account for a greater range of organisms. The fyke nets did carry a slight bias in their design, as
they are only capable of capturing organisms that swim or crawl along the lagoon margins and
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 25
were trapped. This design tended to exclude many sedentary species, as well as species which
never occurred in <5 m of the shoreline. Additionally, some species less susceptible to being
captured were demersal species such as P. lethostigma, P. dentatus, S. pusillus, T. maculatus, G.
micrura and D. Sabina. They were usually buried in the sand and were harder to capture,
especially when there were issues with keeping the lead lines on the bottom.
In order to consider what differences may exist between the fyke and seine net data, the
metric of CPUE was used to consider the relative efficiency which each rigging had at sampling
in terms of quantity of catch. From data collected, we conclude that the fyke nets were generally
more productive mechanisms or sampling across a wide span of species, although the seine nets
produced significantly more individuals (primarily of schooling fish such as Menidia beryllina).
In order to classify the relative health of each habitat in terms of its supported
biodiversity, the data from seine net pulls was utilized to calculate the Shannon index of all
sampled individuals from the lagoon, beach, and tide pool. From this, it was determined that the
lagoon supports a significantly higher diversity of organisms, with the exposed beach supporting
the least in this comparison. Further, the evenness of distribution of individuals amongst the
sampled species was also the highest in the lagoon, while an overwhelming majority of the
individuals sampled in the exposed beach were varieties of only a few species, leading to low
equitability. The Tide pool produced intermediate values for both the Shannon index and
equitability.
Initial data suggests that there was a slight yet significant difference between the samples
which were set for 24 hours in comparison to the set which lasted 48 hours. We attribute this
difference likely to the design of the fyke net permitting free movement of most organisms
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 26
throughout the rigging during the set time. This design would potentially create a habitat in
which larger, carnivorous individuals had a significant advantage against smaller, defenseless
individuals which might otherwise rely on camouflage to evade detection. This pressure would
be expected in a lesser degree in the 24 hour sets, and would likely have a negative impact on
species richness, as predatory individuals would experience a strong selective advantage and
likely would remove a significant portion of the population from the sample before we were able
to remove it. This would likely decrease our overall CPUE for the the 48 hour set, as the longer
soak time would allow for 1) removal of organisms due to internal predation and 2) the unlikely
occurrence of escape of individuals from the net, which we believe would not be offset by the
longer soak time increasing the catchment.
These areas are biased towards smaller organisms, under 10cm. The majority of the
organisms we captured were rather small for their species; we concluded they represent mainly
juveniles. This correlation shows that this habitat is likely a great nursery for young fish, mostly
due to the protection provided in the shallow waters. Upon maturation, these species clearly
move to another area to live their adult lives, as mature adults represent little to none of the
populations of the various species. There were a few species such as the Mummichog (Fundulus
heteroclitus), Striped Killifish (Fundulus majalis), Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna), Striped
Anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus), and Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina) that were closer to
maturity. This tells us these organisms make this their permanent habit, likely for the same
reasons as the juveniles. Here they are protected from predators in the shallow water of the
lagoon, tide pools, and beach.
Gramlin et al. 2016 - 27
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