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ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS

1 BY SOMNATH

CHEMISTRY – COMPLETE ONE LINER NOTES FOR WBCS

BY SOMNATH

Chemistry

* Father of Chemistry

Ans : Robert Boyle

* The author of the book 'Sceptical Chymist' is

Ans : Robert Boyle

* Father of Modern Chemistry

Ans : Antoine Lavoisier

* Father of Indian Chemistry

Ans : P.C.Roy

* Father of Organic Chemistry

Ans : Friedrich Wohler

* Ancient Chemistry is known as

Ans : Alchemy

* Ancient Chemists were known as

Ans : Alchemists

* The scientist known as the father of Sodapop

Ans : Joseph Priestly

* International year of chemistry

Ans : 2011

*New methods used in chemistry which aim to reduce pollution

are called

Ans : Green Chemistry

*The term Green Chemistry was coined by

Ans : Paul.T.Anastas

ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS.

BY SOMNATH

■STATES OF MATTER

There are seven stable physical states

1) Solid

2) Liquid

3) Gas

4) Plasma

5) Bose- Einstein condensate (Super atom)

6) Fermionic condensate

7) Super Fluidity

■DUAL NATURE OF MATTER

* The concept dual nature of Matter was put forward by

Ans : Louis de-Broglie

* The construction of electron microscope was based on

Ans : Dual Nature of Matter

* The dual nature of electrons was

Ans : I.H.Germer

ATOM

*Basic unit of Chemistry

Ans : Atom

*Smallest units of a matter

Ans : Atom

*Atom was derived from a greek word

Ans : 'Atomos' (means indivisible)

*Atom was discovered by

Ans : John Dalton


BY SOMNATH

*Law of Multiple Proportion was put forward by

Ans : John Dalton

*The term 'atom' was coined by

Ans : Ostwald

*The fundamental particles of an atom

Ans : Proton, Electron and Neutron

*The central part of an atom

Ans : Nucleus

*The sub atomic particles of Nucleus

Ans : Protons and Neutrons

*Heaviest sub atomic particle

Ans : Neutron

*Lightest sub atomic particle

Ans : Electron

*Moving particle of an atom

Ans : Electron

*The charge of an electron is

Ans : Negative

*Protons and Neutrons are collectively known as

Ans : Nucleons

*Chemical property of a substance is determined by

Ans : Electrons

*The smallest atom

Ans : Helium (He)

*The simplest atom

Ans : Hydrogen (H)

*Biggest known atom

Ans : Francium (Fr)

*The unit of measuring mass of an atom

Ans : Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

*1 atomic mass unit is equal to

Ans : 1.6605 xlO’27 Kg

*The element used to find amu


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Carbon-12

ELECTRONS

*Electron is discovered by

Ans : JJ.Thomson

*The name Electron was proposed by

Ans : Stoney

*Charge of an electron

Ans : 1.6 x 10-19C (determined by Millikan)

*Mass of electron

Ans : 9.1 x 10_31kg

*Dual nature of electron

Ans : Louis-de-broglie

PROTON

*Proton was discovered by

Ans : Ernest Rutherford

*The identity card of an element

Ans : Proton

*The mass of a proton is

Ans : 1.672 x 10^-27 kg

*The theory of Proton was presented by

Ans : William Prout

NEUTRON

*Neutron was discovered by

Ans : James Chadwick in 1932


BY SOMNATH

*The heaviest fundamental particle of an atom

Ans : Neutron

*The least stable particle

Ans : Neutron

*Neutrons are bound very tightly

*Chargeless particle of an atom

Ans : Neutron

*The atom without neutron

Ans : Protium (Isotope of Hydrogen)

*Atomic number - It is the number of protons in the nucleus of

an atom

*Atomic number is denoted by the alphabet

Ans : Z

*Mass number - The total number of protons and neutrons

present in the nucleus of an atom

*Mass number is denoted by

Ans : A

*Anti particle of the neutron with the same mass of neutron

Ans : Anti neutron

*Anti particle of the proton with the same mass of proton

Ans : Anti proton

*Nuclear particle with the mass of an electron but opposite

charge

Ans : Positron

*Atomic Theory

Ans : John Dalton

*Uncertainty Principle

Ans : Werner Heisenberg

*Structure of Atom

Ans : Niels Bohr

*Plum Pudding Model

Ans : J.J. Thomson

*Wave Mechanics Model


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Max Planck

*Electron (-ve charge)

Ans : J.J. Thomson

*Proton (ve charge)


*Neutron (No charge)

Ans : James Chadwick

*Nucleus (ve charge)


*Positron (ve charge)

Ans : Carl Anderson

*Antineutron (No charge)

Ans : Bruce Cork

*The combining capacity of one atom to another

Ans : Valency

*Atom is bigger than its nucleus

Ans : 10^5 times

*Electrons move in a circular path called

Ans : Orbit

*The maximum number of elements in an orbit is

Ans : 2

*The orbit followed by a moving electrons around the nucleus

of an atom

Ans : Shell

*The maximum number of electrons in a shell

Ans : 2n2 (n = Number of shell)

MOLECULE

*Smallest particle of a substance having all its properties

Ans : Molecule

*The term molecule was coined by


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Avogadro

*The number of molecules obtained in 1 mole of gas is called

Ans : Avogadro Number

*Avagadro Number

Ans : 6.023 xl023/mol

*International mole day

Ans : October 23

*The bricks of Universe

Ans : Molecules

*The SI Unit of the amount of substance

Ans : Mole

*A molecule made up of only one kind of atom is called

Ans : Monoatomic molecule

*A molecule made up of two kinds of atom is called

Ans : Diatomic molecule

ELEMENTS

*Substance which is composed of similar kind of atoms is

called

Ans : Elements

*The scientist who proved that the elements are made up of

atoms

Ans : John Dalton

*The term 'elements' was coined by

Ans : Robert Boyle

*The first scientist who gave a definition to element is

Ans : Robert Boyle

*The scientist who gave symbols for elements on the basis of

their names

Ans : JohnJ.Berzelius

*The scientist who classified elements into Metals and Non-


BY SOMNATH

metals

Ans : Lavoisier

*Elements are classified into

Ans : Metals, non-metals and metalloids

*Metals: Elements that conduct electricity and heat which tends

to lose electrons

*Non-Metals : Elements that do not conduct electricity and heat

which tends to accept electrons.

*Metalloids: Elements showing properties of both metals and

non-metals

*The international association which gives names of elements

Ans : International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

(IUPAC)

*The headquarters of IUPAC

Ans : Zurich (Switzerland)

*The most abundant element in the universe

Ans : Hydrogen

*The second most abundant element in the universe

Ans : Helium

*The only radio active element in liquid form

Ans : Francium

*The only radio active element in gaseous form

Ans : Radon

*The most electro positive stable element

Ans : Cesium

COMPOUND

*The combination of two or more elements is called

Ans : Compounds

*The separation of a compound into its elements by chemical

means is called


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Analysis

*The formation of a compound by the union of elements is

called

Ans : Synthesis

Examples: Water, Steam, Salt etc.

*The recently discovered chemical compound for the treatment

of cancer

Ans : Cisplatin

*The element which forms largest number of compounds

Ans : Carbon

*The second element which forms largest number of

compounds

Ans : Hydrogen

COMPOUNDS AND ITS USES

*Silver Iodide

Ans : For artificial rain

*Formaldehyde

Ans : Preservation of dead bodies

*Sodium citrate

Ans : Anti coagulant in blood bank

*Sodium Benzoate

Ans : For preservation of grains and food

*Silver Bromide

Ans : Manufacturing of photo films

*Freon

Ans : Used in refrigerator as coolant

*Sodium Peroxide

Ans : Air purifier in submarines

*Carbon dioxide

Ans : Used in Fire extinguisher


BY SOMNATH

MIXTURES

*Two or more substances (elements or compounds or both)

that do not combine chemically during the mixing

Ans : Mixtures

*The two kinds of mixtures are :

Ans : Heterogeneous mixture and Homogeneous mixture

*Heterogeneous mixture

Ans : Having more than one phase

Eg: Concrete, Wood

*Homogeneous mixture

Ans : Having same proportions of its compounds through out a

given sample. Two or more components are so evenly

distributed in Homogeneous mixture

Eg: Quartz, Glass, Air

COLLOID AND EMULSION

*A mixture of two faces of the matter is called

Ans : Colloid

Eg : Emulsion, Aerosols, Fog, Milk

*A colloidal solution formed between two liquids is called

Ans : Emulsion

*A colloid formed between gas particles and liquid or solid

particles

Ans : Foam

*Colloid which contains particles of liquid or solid dispersed in

gas

Ans : Aerosol


BY SOMNATH

ISOTOPES

*Atoms of the same element having same atomic number and

different mass number are known as

Ans : Isotopes

*Isotope was discovered by

Ans : Frederick Soddy

ISOTOPE AND ITS USAGE

*Carbon 14

Ans : Used to determine the age of fossils

*Cobalt 60

Ans : Used for the treatment of cancer

*Phosphorous 32

Ans : Used for the treatment of skin cancer

*Oxygen 15, Iodine - 131

Ans : Used as medicine

*Isotopes differ in the number of

Ans : Neutrons

*The isotopes of hydrogen are

Ans : Protium, Deuterium, Tritium

ISOBARS

*Elements having same mass number and different atomic

number are known as

Ans : Isobars

Eg : Calcium - 40 (20 Ca^40), Argon - 40 (18Ar^40)

*The term Isobars was suggested by


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Alfred Walter Stewart

ISOTONES

*Atoms of elements- having same number of neutrons are

called

Ans : Isotones

eg : Helium (2He^4) and Tritium (1H^3) (both contain 2

neutrons)

*The term Isotones was formed by

Ans : K.Guggenheimer

ISOMERS

*Compounds with same molecular formula but different

structures are known as

Ans : Isomers

Eg: Glucose (C^6H^12O^6),Fructose (C^6H^12O^6)

ALLOTROPES

*Different forms of the same element with different physical

appearances are known as

Ans : Allotropes

Eg: Diamond, Graphite and Charcoal

are the allotropes of Carbon

*The allotrope of Oxygen

Ans : Ozone


BY SOMNATH

PERIODIC TABLE

*An arrangement of elements with similar properties placed

together is called

Ans : Periodic Table

*Mendeleev's periodic table was based on

Ans : increasing order of atomic mass

*Moseley's periodic table was based on the

Ans : atomic number of elements

*The modern periodic table is based on

Ans : atomic number

*Modern periodic table contains

Ans : 7 horizontal rows and 18 vertical columns

*The periodic table was discovered by

Ans : Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

*Modern periodic table was discovered by

Ans : Henry Moseley

*Periodic laws were put forward by

Ans : Mendeleev

*Modern periodic laws were put forward by

Ans : Moseley

*The scientist who classified elements based on Atomic Values

is

Ans : Lothar Meyer

*The rows are called

Ans : Periods

*Columns are called

Ans : Groups

*The left side of the periodic table denotes

Ans : Metals

*The right side of the periodic table denotes

Ans : Non-metals


BY SOMNATH

ELEMENTS SCIENTISTS

*Hydrogen - Henry Cavendish

*Oxygen - Joseph Priestly

*Selenium - Berzelius

*Thorium - Berzelius

*Calcium - Humphry Davy

*Sodium - Humphry Davy

*Potassium - Humphry Davy

*Boron - Humphry Davy

*Barium - Humphry Davy

*Uranium - Martin Klaproth

*Radium - Madam Curie

*Nitrogen - Daniel Rutherford

*Fluorine - Henri Moissan

*Iodine - Bernard Courtois

*Chlorine - Carl Wilhelm Scheele

*BHC - Michael Faraday

*Methane - Alexander Volta

*Titanium - William Gregor

*Aluminium - Hans Orsted

*Nitrous Oxide - Joseph Priestly

*DDT - Paul Muller

*Most abundant element on earth's crust - Oxygen

*Most abundant metal in earth's crust - Aluminium

*Most abundant metalloid in earth's crust - Silicon

*Most abundant element in atmosphere - Nitrogen

*Most abundant element in the universe - Hydrogen

*Most abundant element in human body - Oxygen


BY SOMNATH

*Most abundant gas in atmosphere - Nitrogen

*Most abundant element in sea water - Chlorine

*Most abundant element in moon's surface - Titanium

*Most abundant metal present in human body and bones -

Calcium

*Most abundant metal compound in bones - Calcium phosphate

*Most abundant compound on earth's surface - Water (H2O)

*Most abundant compound in sea water - Sodium Chloride

*Second most abundant compound in sea water - Magnesium

Chloride

*Most chemically reactive element - Fluorine

*Second most chemically reactive element - Chlorine

*The lightest and simplest element - Hydrogen

*The lightest metal - Lithium

*The rarest element in the earth - Astatine

*The heaviest element - Osmium

*The heaviest gaseous element - Radon

*First man made element - Technetium

*Most stable element - Lead

*The periodic table is divided into 4 main blocks

*S block - elements of group 1 and 2

*P block - elements of group 13 to 18

*D block - elements of group 3 to 12

*F block - Lanthanides and Actinides

*The shortest period of the periodic table

Ans : First period

*The longest period of the periodic table

Ans : Sixth period

*Elements with atomic number 57-71 are known as

Ans : Lanthanides (rare earths)

*Elements with atomic number 89-103 are known as

Ans : Actinides (radio active rare earths)

*Total number of elements in periodic table


BY SOMNATH

Ans : 118

*The number of naturally occurring elements

Ans : 92

CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS

*1st group -Alkali metals

*2nd group- Alkaline earth metals

*3-12 group -Transition elements

*13thgroup -Boron family

*14thgroup -Carbon family

*15thgroup - Nitrogen family

*16thgroup - Oxygen family

*17thgroup - Halogen

*18thgroup - Noble gas

*The first artificial element

Ans : Technetium (Z = 43)

*Man made elements are known as

Ans : Transuranics

CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIODIC TABLE

Features Top to bottom Left to right

*Atomic size increases decreases

*Ionization Energy decreases increases

*Electron affinity decreases increases

*Ionization potential decreases increases

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS


BY SOMNATH

*Metals and non-metals

Ans : Lavoisier

*Triads

Ans : Dobereiner

*Law of octaves

Ans : John Newland

*Based on atomic weight

Ans : Mendeleev

*Based on atomic number

Ans : Moseley

*Element present in 1,2 and 13-18 groups are known as

Ans : Representative elements

*All transitive elements are

Ans : Metals

*Transitive elements form

Ans : Coloured compounds

ELEMENTS WITH SPECIAL NAMES

*Name of earth - Tellurium (52)

*Name of Moon - Selenium (34)

*Name of Sun - Helium (2)

*Name of Asteroid - Palladium (46)

*Honour of women - Curium (96), Meitnerium (109)

*Name of Ceres - Cerium(58)

*Name of Uranus - Uranium (92)

*Name of Neptune - Neptunium (93)

*Name of Pluto - Plutonium (94)

ROOM TEMPERATURE CASES


BY SOMNATH

*The liquid metal at room temperature

Ans : Mercury

*The liquid non-metal at room temperature

Ans : Bromine

*Two elements which are liquids at room temperature

Ans : Bromine, Mercury

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

*The ability of an atom to accept the electrons during molecular

bond formulation is known as

Ans : Electro negativity

*Electronegativity was discovered by

Ans : Linus Pauling

*Electronegativity scale was invented by

Ans : Linus Pauling

*The element which has most electronegativity

Ans : Fluorine

*The elements which have least electronegativity

Ans : Francium, Caesium

CAESIUM

*The metal used in atomic clocks

*The metal which shows least expansion

*Most electro positive stable element

*Element having least electro negativity

ELEMENT SYM BOL LATIN NAME


BY SOMNATH

*Iron Fe Ferrum

*Gold Au Aurum

*Silver Ag Argentum

*Copper Cu Cuprum

*Antimony Sb Stibium

*Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum

*Sodium Na Natrium

*Tungsten W Wolfram

*Tin Sn Stannum

*Potassium K Kalium

*Lead Pb Plumbum

ATOMIC NO.ELEMENTS SYMBOLS

113 Nihonium Nh

115 Moscovium Mc

117 Tennessine Ts

118 Oganesson Og

TYPES OF REACTIONS

*Two types of reactions are

Ans : Physical and Chemical reactions

PHYSICAL REACTION

*A reaction in which no new substance is produced is called

Ans : Physical reaction It can be reversed

eg : Freezing, Melting


BY SOMNATH

ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

PROTIUM (1H1)

*Mass Number -1

*Ordinary Hydrogen

*Abundant isotope

*Atom having no neutron

*Only one atom having same atomic number and mass number

DEUTERIUM (1H2)

*Mass Number - 2

*Heavy Hydrogen

*Used for manufacturing Hydrogen bomb

*Deuterium Oxide (D20) is known as heavy water

*It is used as moderator in nuclear reactor

*Having only one neutron

TRITIUM (1H3)

*Mass Number - 3

*Simplest radioactive isotope

*Having two neutrons

HELIUM (He) (Z=2)

*1st noble gas group in the periodic table

Ans : Helium

*Second lightest element

Ans : Helium

*The element shows highest thermal conductivity


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Helium

*2nd most abundant element in universe

Ans : Helium

*Product of nuclear fusion

Ans : Helium 4

*Discovered by

Ans : Pierre Janssen and Norman Lockyer

*Liquid Helium is used as

Ans : Cryogenic refrigerant

*Preferred for filling the weather balloons and air ships

*The elements used for the treatment of Asthma

Ans : Helium and Oxygen

*The elements used in welding are

Ans : Helium and Argon

*Helium is non-inflammable in nature

LITHIUM (Li) (Z = 3)

*Belonging to the alkali metal

*The lightest metal

Ans : Lithium

*The element which is kept in wax

Ans : Lithium

*The strongest reducing agent

Ans : Lithium

BERYLLIUM (Be) (Z = 4)

*Beryllium was found by

Ans : Louis Nicolas Vauqueli

*It was isolated by


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Friedrich Wohler and Antoine Bussy

*Naturally occurring compound of Beryllium

Ans : Emerald

BORON (B) (Z=5)

*The word boron was originated from

Ans: Borax

*It is a metalloid chemical element

*Compound used for making laboratory apparatus

Ans : Borosilicate glass

*The compound known as inorganic benzene

Ans : Borozene

*The only acid shows the characteristics of alkali

Ans: Boric acid

*The main content of eye drops

Ans : Boric acid

*The polish used in carom board

Ans : Boric acid

CARBON (C) (Z=6)

*The element considered as the fundamental element of life

Ans : Carbon

*The element having maximum tendency of catenation

(catenation - Self linking property)

Ans : Carbon

*Carbon atoms covalently bound to other atoms to make

organic compounds

*Carbon has two types of allotropes

(1)Crystalline (eg : diamond, graphite, fullerene, graphine)


BY SOMNATH

(2)Amorphous (eg: coal, charcoal)

GRAPHITE

*Graphite has a layer structure

*The most stable form of carbon

Ans : Graphite

*Substance used for making electrodes

Ans : Graphite

*The substance known as Black lead or Plumbago

Ans : Graphite

*It is a good conductor of heat and electricity

*It is used as a moderator in nuclear reactor

■ DIAMOND

* Diamond has tetrahedral structure

* The hardest natural substance

Ans: Diamond

* The purest form of carbon

Ans: Diamond

* The densest form of carbon

Ans: Diamond

* The,substance showing highest light density

Ans: Diamond

* The medium with lowest speed for light

Ans:Diamond

* The substance used for cutting glass

Ans: Diamond

*Scale used,to measure the hardness of diamond

Ans: Mohr's scale


BY SOMNATH

* Hardness of diamond

Ans: 10 mohr

FULLERENE

*A ball shaped carbon allotrope

Ans: Fullerene

*Fullerene members

Ans: C 60, C 70

GRAPHENE

*The latest discovered allotrope of Carbon

Ans: Graphene

*The single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagoned

shape

Ans : Graphene

CHARCOAL

*An amorphous allotrope of carbon

Ans : Charcoal

*Activated charcoal is used in many applications like gas

purification, water purification, airfilters in gas masks etc

Substance - Production Extraction process

*Magnesium-Pidgeon

*Bromine- Dow process


BY SOMNATH

*Nitric acid - Ostwald process

*Noble metals - Cyanide process

*Sulphuric acid - Contact process

*Chlorine gas - Deacon's process

*Sodium - Down's process

*Hydrogen - Bosch process

*Steel - Bessemer process

*Ammonia - Haber process

*Sodium carbonate - Solvay process

*Sulphur - Frasch process

*Aluminium - Hall Heroult process

*Halogens - Messenger method

*Nitrogen - Dumas process

NITROGEN (N) (Z=7)

*The most abundant element in the atmosphere

Ans : Nitrogen

*Percent of nitrogen presence atmosphere

Ans : 78%

*Main content of protein

Ans : Nitrogen

*It is discovered by Scotish physician

Ans : Daniel Rutherford in 1772

*The gas controls burning

Ans : Nitrogen

NITROUS OXIDE

*The acid content of acid rain

Ans : Nitrous Oxide


BY SOMNATH

*The compound used as anesthetic

Ans : Nitrogen compound

*Largest single constituent of earth's atmosphere

Ans : Nitrogen compound

*Gas known as laughing gas

Ans : Nitrous Oxide

NITROGEN DIOXIDE

*Gas formed during lightning

Ans : Nitrogen dioxide

EXPLOSIVES AND NITROGEN

*TNT, RDX, Nitroglycerine

Ans : Explosive substances

*TNT - Tri Nitro Toluene is known as

Ans : Trotyl

*RDX - Research Department Explosive is known as

Ans : Cyclonite

*Mostly found as compound in nature

*The nitrogen compound used as indelible ink (Voters' ink)

Ans : Silver Nitrate

OXYGEN (O) (Z = 8)

*Oxygen was experimentally prepared by

Ans : Karl Scheele

*Oxygen was discovered by



BY SOMNATH

*Element nature of oxygen was established by

Ans : Lavoisier

*Burning is helped by

Ans : Oxygen

*It is colourless, tasteless and odourless

*The colour of liquid oxygen is

Ans : Light blue colour

*Nature of oxygen

Ans : Paramagnetic

*Most abundant element in earth crust

Ans : Oxygen

*Number of atoms in Oxygen molecule - 2, Ozone - 3

*Ozone layer is found in

Ans : Stratosphere

*The depletion of ozone layer is caused by

Ans : Chlorofluorocarbon (CFG)

*Industrial name of CFC

Ans : Freon

SODIUM (Na) (Z=11)

*Sodium is kept in

Ans : Kerosene

*Sodium was discovered by

Ans : Humphry Davy

*The element which regulates blood pressure in human beings

Ans : Sodium

*Cell used to manufacture sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Ans : Castner Kellner Cell

*Compound used as air purifier cell in submarines

Ans : Sodium peroxide

*Compound which is used as a fixer in photographic film


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Sodium Thio sulphate or Thio

*The compound used in blood bank

Ans : Sodium citrate

*The sodium compound used as coolant in atomic reactors

Ans : Liquid sodium

Main sodium compounds are;

(1)Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda)

(2)Sodium bicarbonate (Baking soda)

SOFT METALS

*Sodium and Potassium are known as

Ans : Soft metals

*They are highly reactive with

Ans : Water

*Sodium and Potassium are kept in

Ans : Kerosene

MAGNESIUM (Mg) (Z=12)

*Element known as 'chemical sun'

Ans : Magnesium

*The metal present in chloroplast of plants

Ans : Magnesium

*The Magnesium compound used for dental filling

Ans : Sorel cement

*Magnesium Hydroxide, acts as an antacid is popularly known

as

Ans : Milk of Magnesia


BY SOMNATH

ALUMINIUM (Al) (Z=13)

*The most abundant metal in the earth's crust

Ans : Aluminium

*Main ore of Aluminium

Ans : Bauxite

*Aluminium was isolated for the first time by

Ans : Hans Oersted

*Manufacturing process of Aluminium

Ans : Hall Heroult Process

*Simplest way of extraction of aluminium is discovered by

Ans : Charles Martin Hall

* It is an amphoteric metal

*The element used in reflecting telescope and CD

Ans : Aluminium

*Compound of Aluminium is seen in

Ans: Blue colour

*Double sulphate of aluminium is

Ans : Alum

*The metal shows the characteristics of both acid and alkali

Ans : Aluminium

*The metal mostly present in clay

Ans : Aluminium

*The metal used to make cigarette wrapper

Ans : Aluminium

*The chemical method used for the concentration of bauxite

Ans : Leaching

*Compound of aluminium used for manufacturing powerful

magnet

Ans: Alnico

*Naturally occurring aluminium silicate is

Ans: Mica

*Mica is a bad conductor of electricity and a good conductor of


BY SOMNATH

Ans: Heat

■ LAPIS LAZULI

*Lapis Lazuli is a deep blue stone, used in making ornaments.

*It is a compound of Aluminium

■ ALUM

*Used as mordant

*Used as dyes

*Used for purifying water fire extinguisher

CHEMICAL NAMES

* Emerald - Beryllium,Aluminium,Silicate

* Sapphire - Aluminium Oxide

* Ruby - Aluminium Oxide

* Topaz - Aluminium Fluorine Silicate

* Opal - Hydrated Aluminium Dioxide

*Asbestos is otherwise known as

Ans : Rock Cotton

PHOSPHOROUS (P) (Z=15)

*phosphorous was discovered by

Ans : Hennig Brand

*"One who carries light" is the meaning of

Ans : Phosphorous


BY SOMNATH

*White phosphorous is kept in

Ans : Water

*The form of Phosphorous which emits green light on the

exposure to atmosphere

Ans : White phosphorous

*White phosphorous burns in atmosphere at

Ans : 30°C

*Red phosphorous is used for making

Ans : Safety matches

*Substance used to make the match sticks

Ans : Red Phosphorous, Potassium Chlorate

*Phosphorous is used in fertilizer industry

*The element which is present in the DNA&RNA of animals is

Ans : Phosphorous

*The element present in the animal bone fertilizer

Ans : Phosphorous

*The number of atoms present in a phosphorous molecule

Ans : 4 (tetra atomic)

*The element having the smell of rotten fish

Ans:Phosphine (PH3)

*The isotope used for the treatment of blood cancer

Ans : Phosphorous-32

*The phosphorous which is illuminated in darkness

Ans : White Phosphorous

*The product obtained after the heating of White Phosphorous

at a high temperature

Ans : Black Phosphorous

*The phosphorous used as rat poison

Ans : Zinc Phosphide

SULPHUR (S) (Z = 16)


BY SOMNATH

Sulphur is a member of

Ans : Chalcogen family

*Enemy of copper

Ans : Sulphur

*It has no radioactive isotope

*Number of atoms present in sulphur molecule

Ans : 8

*Acid rain is caused by

Ans : Sulphur dioxide

*Sulphide ores are purified by

Ans : Froth Flotation process

*The process of heating the rubber by adding sulphur

Ans : Vulcanization

*Mixture of Sulphur and Charcoal is known as

Ans : Gun Powder

*Gases which cause fading the colour of silver ornaments

Ans : Hydrogen Sulphide,Sulphur dioxide

*The gas which causes the fading of the colour of Taj Mahal

Ans : Sulphur dioxide

POTASSIUM (K) (Z = 19)

*Potassium is kept in

Ans : Kerosene

*The elements which are known as soft metals

Ans : Potassium and Sodium

*It is discovered by

Ans : Humphry Davy

*The most abundant metal present in blood

Ans : Potassium

*The metal present in bath soap

Ans : Potassium

*The compound of potassium used for purifying water


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Potassium Permanganate

*The ores of potassium are Carnalite, Salt Petre Metal related to

the disease arthritis Potassium

*First metal separated by electrolysis

Ans : Potassium

*Chemical used for organic farming, neutralizing acidic soil

Ans : Potassium Bicarbonate

CALCIUM (Ca) (Z = 20)

*The most abundant metal in the human body

Ans : Calcium

*The compound of calcium used to make bandage, statues is

Ans : Plaster of Paris

*Composition of coral reefs is caused by Calcium carbonate

The compound used in tooth paste as polishing agent

Ans : Calcium carbonate

*The most abundant chemical substance in cement

Ans: Calcium oxide

*Compound which is regulating the setting time of cement

Ans : Gypsum

*The product obtained after heating the gypsum at 125°C

Ans : Plaster of Paris

*Compound which is used in the process of manufacturing

cement

Ans : Lime stone

*The product obtained when lime stone is heated

Ans : Quicklime and Carbondioxide

* The permanent hardness of water is caused by

Ans : Calcium Sulphate and Calcium Chloride

* The chemical substances caused for the permanent hardness

of water are The sulphates and Chlorides of Calcium and

Magnesium 53 The temporary hardness of water is caused by


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Calcium bicarbonate and Magnesium bicarbonate

* The process used to remove the permanent hardness of water

Ans : Distillation or adding Washing soda

* The process used to remove the temporary hardness of water

Ans : Heating or adding lime

*When quick lime is mixed with Carbon dioxide it turns into

Ans : Milky colour

*The compound used for producing lime mixture

Ans : Calcium Compound

*The chemical name of Chalk

Ans : Calcium Carbonate

TITANIUM (Ti) (Z = 22)

*The whitest element compound ever known is

Ans : Titanium

*Titanium was discovered by

Ans : William Gregor

*White paints are made using the oxides of

Ans : Titanium

*The symbol of whiteness

Ans:Titanium dioxide

*The metal known as "Metal of future"

Ans : Titanium

*The metal known as 'wonder metal'

Ans : Titanium

*The most abundant metal present on the surface of moon

Ans : Titanium

*Titanium is separated from

Ans : Ilmenite

CHROMIUM (Cr) (Z =24)


BY SOMNATH

*The scientist who isolated chromium for the first time was

Ans : Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

*The element shows antiferromagnetic property

Ans : Chromium

*The hardest metal

Ans : Chromium

*The word 'Chroma' means

Ans : Colour

MANGANESE (Mn) (Z = 25)

*Manganese was discovered by

Ans : Carl Sheel

*Manganese was isolated for the first time by

Ans : Johan Gottlieb Gahn

*The fifth most abundant metal in Earth's crust

Ans : Manganese

*It is too brittle in nature

*The steel which is used for making rails

Ans : Medium steel

*The steel which is used to make agriculture equipments, wires,

poles

Ans : Mild steel

*The steel which is used to make surgical equipments, spring

Ans : High Carbon steel

IRON (Fe) (Z=26)

*Latin name of Iron

Ans : Ferrum

*Boiling point

Ans : 3134K

*Melting point


BY SOMNATH

Ans : 1811K

*Element present in haemoglobin

Ans : Iron

*Least pure form of Iron

Ans : Cast Iron

*Steel contains

Ans : 0.1 to 1.5% of carbon

*Stainless steel contains

Ans : Iron, Chromium, Nickel and Carbon

*Nickel steel contains

Ans : Iron, Nickel and Carbon

*Purest form of Iron

Ans : Wrought Iron

*Rust iron is chemically known as

Ans : Hydrated Iron Oxide

*Iron with earthly impurities

Ans : Pig Iron

*Ores of Iron

Ans : Hematite (Fe203), Magnetite (Fe304), Iron Pyrites (FeS2)

*The ore which is used for making iron for commercial purpose

Ans : Hematite (Fe203)

*The ore which contains large amount of iron

Ans : Magnetite (Fe3O4)

*Industrial production of steel

Ans : Bessemer process

*Iron coated with Zinc is called

Ans : Galvanized Iron

*Iron coated with Tin is called

Ans : Tin Plating

*When Iron rusts, its weight

Ans : Increases

*The reason for the brown colour of soil and rock is the

presence of


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Iron Oxide

*Hardening (Quenching) - Mild steel is heated to red hot in high

temperature and then cooled suddenly by plunging into oil or

cold water

*Tempering - The quenched steel is reheated to a temperature

below red hot and cooled slowly

*Annealing - Hard steel is heated to redness and then allowed

to cool slowly. Annealing makes the steel soft

COBALT (Co) (Z =27)

*The element present in Vitamin B12

Ans : Cobalt

*The scientist discovered Cobalt

Ans : George Brandt

*The micronutrient for bacteria, algae and fungi

Ans : Cobalt

*The isotope of Cobalt used for the treatment of cancer

Ans : Cobalt 60

*The substance used in glass to get blue colour

Ans : Cobalt salt

COPPER (Cu) (Z=29)

*First metal used by man

Ans : Copper

*Latin name of Copper

Ans : Cuprum

*The ores of Copper

Ans : Malachite, Chalcolite

*The metal prominently found in Panchaloha

Ans : Copper

*The chemical name of Blue Vitriol


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Copper Sulphate

ZINC (Zn) (Z = 30)

*The ores of Zinc are

Ans : Calamine and Zinc blende

*Impure Zinc is known as

Ans : Spelter

*The element used in galvanization and in dry cells

Ans : Zinc

*The element used in the manufacturing of perfumes

Ans : Zinc

*The element present in insulin and tear drop

Ans : Zinc

*The compound known as 'White Vitriol'

Ans : Zinc Sulphate

*The elements extracted through the process of distillation

Ans : Zinc and Mercury

*The compound known as Chinese White (Philosopher's Wool)

Ans : Zinc Oxide

*The compound used in talcum powder and face cream

Ans : Zinc Oxide

*The compound of zinc which is used as a filler in rubber

Ans : Zinc Oxide

*The white coloured compounds in paint

Ans : Zinc Oxide

HALOGENS

*The word halogen means

Ans:Salt former

*Halogens are :

?Fluorine (F) ?Chlorine (Cl)


BY SOMNATH

?Bromine (Br) ? Iodine (I)

?Astatine (At)

Chiorine,Bromine,Iodine-Extracted from Sea Water

*Synthetic Halogen -Astatine

*Pseudo Halogen -Cyanogen (CN2)

*Solid Halogen -Iodine

*Super Halogen -Fluorine

FLUORINE (F) (Z=9)

*The lightest known halogen

Ans : Fluorine

*The least metallic in nature

Ans : Fluorine

*The element having highest reactivity or electro-negativity

Ans : Fluorine

*The most abundant halogen present in earth's crust

Ans : Fluorine (0.08%)

*The disease caused by the deficiency of fluorine

Ans : Fluorosis

*The most abundant halide in earth's crust by weight

Ans : Fluoride

*The compound known as fluorspar

Ans : Calcium Fluoride

CHLORINE (Cl) (Z= 17)

*The scientist who discovered and isolated the chlorine gas

Ans : Carl Scheele

*The scientist who recognized chlorine as an element

Ans : Humphry Davy

*The second element having highest reactivity

Ans : Chlorine

*The colour of Chlorine gas


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Pale yellow green

*The organic compound which contains chlorine

Ans : DDT, BHC, Chloroform, Freon

*Chloroform was discovered by

Ans : James Young Simpson

*The poisonous substance produced when the chlorine is

exposed

Ans : Phosgene

*The gas which was used as chemical weapon in the First

World War

Ans : Phosgene

*The element used to purify the water in swimming pool

Ans : Chlorine

*The element used as an oxidising agent

Ans : Chlorine

*The element used as a bleaching agent

Ans : Chlorine

*The most abundant element present in sea water

Ans : Chlorine

*The remedy gas which is used against the chlorine poisoning

Ans : Ammonia

*The chlorine compound present in tear gas

Ans : Benzyl Chloride

*The compound of chlorine used in the plastics

Ans : Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

*The solvent used as an anesthetic

Ans : Chloroform

*The compound used as an antiseptic

Ans : Sodium Hypochlorite

BROMINE (Br) (Z=35)


BY SOMNATH

*The non metal present in liquid form in room temperature

Ans : Bromine

*The bromine compound used in photographic films

Ans : Silver Bromide

*Third lightest halogen

Ans : Bromine

IODINE (I) (Z=53)

*Commonly used halogen

Ans : Iodine

*The element abundant in sea weeds

Ans : Iodine

*The element known as solid halogen

Ans : Iodine

*The non-metal having highest density

Ans : Iodine

*The most commonly used halogen available as tablet

Ans : Iodine

*Iodine test is used to detect

Ans : Carbohydrate

*The colour of carbohydrate in iodine

Ans : Dark Blue

*The element that sublimes (solid into vapour) on heating

Ans : Iodine

*The substance contains in the capsule which is given to the

people in the nuclear disaster affected area

Ans : Potassium Iodide

*The substances used for artificial raining

Ans : Silver Iodide and Dry ice (Solid CO2)


BY SOMNATH

ASTATINE (At) (Z=85)

*The rarest element in Earth

Ans : Astatine

*The heaviest known halogen

Ans : Astatine

*The element known as synthetic halogen

Ans : Astatine

NOBLE GASES OR ZERO GROUP ELEMENTS

*Noble gases are also called as

Ans : Inert gases

*Noble gases do not enter Into chemical reactions

*Noble gases were discovered by

Ans : William Ramsay

*Group 18 is also known as

Ans : Zero group elements

NOBLE GASES ARE:

*Helium (He)

*Neon (Ne)

*Argon (Ar)

*Krypton (Kr)

*Xenon (Xe)

*Radon (Rn)

*Valency of noble gases is

Ans:'O'(Zero)


BY SOMNATH

RADON

*The largest gaseous atom

Ans : Radon

*The heaviest gaseous atom

Ans : Radon

*The only radio active gaseous element

Ans : Radon

*The element extracted from radioactive disintegration of

radium

Ans : Radon

ARGON

*Argon was discovered by

Ans : Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay

*Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay got Nobel Prize for the

discovery of Argon in

Ans : 1904

*The most abundant inert gaseous element present in the

atmosphere

Ans : Argon

*The gas filled in electric bulbs

Ans : Argon

NOTABLE POINTS ON NOBLE GAS

*Neon- used in the tube and on the advertising sign boards

*Argon - used to fill in incandescent lamps

*Krypton - known as Hidden gas

*Xenon - Known as stranger gas


BY SOMNATH

MERCURY (Hg) (Z= 80)

*The metal known as Quick Silver

Ans : Mercury

*The anomalous metal seen in liquid form in room temperature

Ans : Mercury

*First known super conductor

Ans : Mercury

*The metal with lowest melting point (-39°C)

Ans : Mercury

*Measuring quantity of mercury

Ans : Flask

AMALGAM

*The term amalgam is used to represent an alloy which

contains

Ans : Mercury

Eg: Dental filling

TIN (Sn) (Z=50)

*The element having maximum number of isotopes

Ans : Tin

*Latin name of Tin

Ans : Stannum

*The main ore of Tin

Ans : Cassiterite

*The ore of Tin known as Tin stone


BY SOMNATH

Ans:Cassiterite

LEAD (Pb) (Z=82)

*The most stable substance in the nature

Ans : Lead

*The element does not allow to pass laser through it

Ans : Lead

*Element used in storage batteries

Ans : Lead

*The element present as an anti-knocking agent in petrol

Ans : Lead

*The element used in the smoke of the vehicles

Ans : Lead

*The element having least conductivity

Ans : Lead

*The element which is purified by melting

Ans : Lead

*The part of the human body which is affected by lead

Ans : Kidney

*The disease caused by the effect of the element lead

Ans : Plumbism

*The red coloured pigment in 'sindur'

Ans : Trilead Tetroxide

TIN AND LEAD COMBINATION

*Tin and Lead combination is used in safety fuse

*Alloy of Tin and Lead used to make safety wire

*Alloy of Tin and lead can be separated by melting


BY SOMNATH

NOBLE METALS

Noble metals are

*Silver (Ag)

*Platinum (Pt)

*Gold (Au)

*The elements exist in free state

Ans : Noble Metals

*The process of producing noble metals is

Ans : Cyanide Process

GOLD (Au) (Z=79)

*Latin name of gold is

Ans : Aurum

*The metal known as King of metals

Ans : Gold

*The metal known as 'Hiranya'

Ans : Gold

*The metal with high malleability and ductility

Ans : Gold

*Melting point of gold

Ans:1064°C (1947°F)

*The device used to measure the purity of Gold

Ans : Carat Analyser

*The metal used with gold for making ornaments

Ans : Copper

*The symbol of Bureau of Indian Standard given for the purity

of gold

Ans : Hallmark

*The compound of Gold and Silver is called


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Electrum

GOLD

*The unit of gold - Carat

*Pure gold - 24 carat

*22 carat gold used to make ornaments

*916 gold is 22 carat

*One pavan = 8 gram

*1kg = 125 pavan

AQUAREGIA

*The liquid known as 'royal water'

Ans : Aquaregia

*Gold, Silver and Platinum are soluble in

Ans : Aquaregia

*The ratio of Hydrochloric acid and Nitric acid in Aquaregia

Ans : 3:1

*The liquid used in the Wohlwill process for extracting pure

gold

Ans : Aquaregia

COMPOUNDS

WATER

*Most abundant compound present in animals and human

body

Ans : Water

*The scientist who found that water is a compound of hydrogen


BY SOMNATH

and oxygen

Ans : Henry Cavendish

*The only matter which exists in three forms (Solid, liquid, gas)

Ans : Water

*Chemical name of water

Ans : Di-hydrogen Oxide

*The compound known as heavy water

Ans : Deuterium Oxide

*Scientist who made artificial water


*Water has high boiling point due to the presence of

Ans : Hydrogen bonding

*Bodymass contain

Ans : 70% of water

*The liquid known as universal solvent

Ans : Water

*The matter having highest specific heat capacity

Ans : Water

*Water has the maximum density at

Ans : 4°C

*Water has the highest volume and lowest density at

Ans : o°c

*Boiling point of water

Ans : 100°C

*Freezing point of water

Ans : 0°C

*The pH value of water

Ans : 7

*The quantity of oxygen in pure water

Ans : 89%

*Water acts as

Ans : neutral

*The purest water on earth is


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Rain water

*The poor conductor of electricity

Ans : Water

*The bonding of the molecules in water is called

Ans : Polar bonding

TWO TYPES OF WATER

*Hard Water

*Soft Water

HARD WATER

*Does not produce lather with soap readily

*Again classified into two

(1)Temporary hardness

(2)Permanent hardness

(1)Temporary hardness:

Due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium

*It can be removed by repeated boiling or adding lime

(2)Permanent hardness:

*Due to the presence of sulphates and chlorides of calcium and

magnesium

*It can be removed by adding sodium carbonate or by

distillation or by exchange method

CARBON-DIOXIDE (CO2)

*Carbon dioxide was discovered by

Ans : Joseph Black


BY SOMNATH

*The percentage of Carbon dioxide in atmosphere

Ans : 0.03%

*Gas which causes global warming

Ans : Carbon dioxide

*Solid carbon dioxide is known as

Ans : Dry Ice

*The substance used as cooling agent

Ans : Dry Ice

*The substance known as Card Ice

Ans : Dry Ice

*The sewage material in Aeroplanes are turned into solid by

Ans : Blue ice

*The gas released during the process of fermentation


*The gas used as fire extinguisher


*The gas present in soda water


*The gas caused for green house effect


*The gas absorbed at the time of photosynthesis


*The gas emitted when the flour and toddy become sour


*The gas let out when the lime stone is heated


*The product released when the carbon is burned in air


AMMONIA (NH3)

*Compound of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Ammonia

*Ammonia gas was discovered by

Ans : Fritz Haber

*Gaseous ammonia was produced for the first time by


*The process by which ammonia is manufactured industrially is

Ans : Haber process

*The temperature for the Haber process is

Ans : 500°c

*Catalyst used in Haber process

Ans : Iron

AMMONIA

*Has a strong irritating smell

*Most soluble gas in water

*Lighter than air

*Colourless gas

*Acts as cleaning agent

*Ammonia can be liquified

*The only gas which shows alkaline in nature

Ans : Ammonia

*The substance which is used as coolant in Ice plants

Ans : Ammonia

*The only gas having alkaline characteristics

Ans : Ammonia

*The remedial gas used against the poisoning of chlorine

Ans : Ammonia

*Acid which is used to detect Ammonia

Ans : Nessler's Reagent

*Artificial volcanoes are made using

Ans : Ammonium Dichromate


BY SOMNATH

*The substance used in the production of nylon, rayon,

explosives, fertilizers and dyes

Ans : Ammonia

*The substance known as liquor ammonia

Ans : Ammonium Hydroxide

*The substance known as smelling salt

Ans : Ammonium carbonate

*The plant which absorbs ammonia directly from the

atmosphere

Ans : Paddy

*The chemical substance used to dehydrate Ammonia gas

Ans : Calcium Oxide

*The compounds of Ammonia

Ans : Nitrogen and Hydrogen

ACIDS

*Acids are substances which produce

Ans : Hydronium ion (H3 O)

*The element present in all acids

Ans : Hydrogen

*The acids without any oxygen is called

Ans : Hydracid, Hydrochloric acid

*The acids produced from plants

Ans : Organic Acid

*The taste of acids is

Ans : Sour

*Acid turns blue litmus paper to

Ans : Red

*The gas produced when acids are active on metals

Ans : Hydrogen

*The gas produced when acids are active with Carbonates


BY SOMNATH


*Earliest known acid is

Ans : Acetic acid (Ethenoic acid)

*Other name of formic acid

Ans : Methenoic acid

SULPHURIC ACID (H2SO4)

*The acid known as oil of Vitriol

Ans : Sulphuric Acid

*The acid known as king of chemicals


*Sulphuric acid is produced by

Ans : Contact process

*The acid used in lead storage battery


*The acid used for the making of dynamite and car battery


*The acid pours on earth when acid rain occurs


*The acid which is highly powerful than Sulphuric acid

Ans : Super Acid

*The planet having the clouds of Sulphuric acid

Ans : Venus

*The catalyst used for the production of Sulphuric acid

Ans : Vanadium Pentoxide

*Ascorbic acid

Ans : The scientific name of Vitamin C

*Panthothenic acid

Ans : The scientific name of Vitamin B5

*Folic acid

Ans : The scientific name of Vitamin B9


BY SOMNATH

NITRIC ACID

*Used for the purification of gold

*It fumes in air

*It is known as Spirit of Nitre

*The chemical process for producing nitric acid

Ans : Ostwald process

*The acid known as aquafortis

Ans : Nitric Acid

*The acid used as oxidizer in rocket propellants

Ans : Nitric Acid

OTHER ACIDS

*Barbituric acid

Ans : Used as hypnotic

*Muriatic acid

Ans : Old name of hydrochloric acid

*Aquafortis

Ans : Old name of nitric acid

*Carbolic acid

Ans : Dilute phenol

*Hydrochloric acid

Ans : Acts as a digesting agent (contained in gastric juice)

*Phosphoric acid

Ans : Contained in cola/soft drinks

*Carbonic acid

Ans : Ordinary soda water

*Tartaric acid

Ans : Constituent of baking powder


BY SOMNATH

*Lactic acid

Ans : Causes muscles fatigue

*Sucronic acid

Ans : Sweetest acid

*Fluroantimonic acid

Ans : Strongest add

*Perchioric acid

Ans : Strongest inorganic add

*Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Ans : The acid used in Psychiatry

*Asperin

Acid known as wonder drug (also known as Acetyl Salicylic

add)

*Benzoic acid

Ans : Used as food preservative

SUBSTANCEACID

*Tamarind, Grapes - Tartaric acid

*Tea - Tannic acid

*Vinegar - Acetic acid

*Lemon,Orange - Citric acid

*Urine - Uric acid

*Ant - Formic acid

*Milk, Curd - Lactic acid

*Fat, Oil - Stearic acid

*Olive Oil - Oleic acid

*Apple - Maleic acid, Ascorbic acid

*Bee wax - Cerotic acid

*Tapioca - Prussic acid

*Coconut - Capric acid

*Rice - Phytic acid


BY SOMNATH

*Wasp - Formic acid

*Honey bee - Formic acid

*Aspirin - Acetyl salicylic acid

*Palm oil - Palmitic acid

*Soda water - Carbonic acid

ACID USES

*Nitric Acid - Explosives

*Phosphoric acid - Fertilizers

*Hydrochloric acid - Cleaning of metal items, printing industry

*Oxalic acid - Ink stain remover

*Carbonic acid - Flavoured drinks

*Tartaric acid - Baking Powder

*Boric Acid - Eye wash

*Benzoic acid - Preservation of fruit pulps and making of

perfumes

*Citric acid - Food preservation

BASES

*Oxides and hydroxides of metals are known as

Ans : Bases

*Bases turns red litmus paper into

Ans : Blue

*The colour of phenolphthalein in base

Ans : Pink

*The colour of phenolphthalein in acid

Ans : No colour

*The activity of acid and base is known as

Ans : Neutralization


BY SOMNATH

IMPORTANT BASES AND USES

*Sodium hydroxide

Ans : Soap manufacturing

*Calcium hydroxide

Ans : Bleaching powder manufacturing

*Magnesium hydroxide

Ans : Used as antacid

*Ammonium hydroxide

Ans : To remove stains from clothes

SALT

*Ionic compounds containing cations (ve ion) and anions (-ve

ion) are

Ans : Salt

*The process of mixing up of salt and water resulting to form an

acidic or alkaline solution known as

Ans : Hydrolysis

*Salt Water -> acidic or alkaline

*Property of salt to absorb atmospheric salt

Ans : Hygroscopic

SALT AND USES

*Sodium chloride

Ans : Flavouring agent

*Sodium benzoate

Ans : Food preservative


BY SOMNATH

*Sodium bicarbonate

Ans : Ingredient in baking powder

*Potassium nitrate

Ans : Used as gun powder

ALKALLOIDS

*Nitrogen containing organic compounds are called

Ans : Alkalloids

*The taste of Alkalloids is

Ans : Bitter

SUBSTANCE AND COLOURS

*Turmeric- Curcumin

*Ginger- Gingerine

*Neem - Margosein

*Coffee - Caffeine

*Cola - Caffeine

*Green Chilly - Capsaicin

*Pepper - Piperine

pH VALUE (POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN VALUE)

*Measure of acidic or basic character of a liquid or solution is

called

Ans : pH value

*pH scale was discovered by

Ans : Soren Sorensen

*pH value starts from


BY SOMNATH

Ans:0 to 14

*pH value less than 7 is

Ans : Acidic in nature

*pH value equal to 7 is

Ans : Neutral solutions (eg: water)

*pH value more than 7 is

Ans : Bases in nature

*Solution which resists changes in pH caused by the addition of

acid or alkali

Ans : Buffer solution

SUBSTANCE pH VALUE

*Lemon Juice 2.4

*Vinegar 2.9

*Hydrochloric acid (Stomach) 3.01

*Orange juice 3.3 to 4.19

*Grapes 3.5 to 4.5

*Beer 4.5

*Coffee 5

*Tea 5.5

*Tomato 6 to 6.8

*Urine 6.5 to 7

*Milk 6.5

*Water 7

*Human blood 7.4

*Sea Water 7.9

*Baking soda 9

*Caustic soda 12


BY SOMNATH

SOLUTION

*Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called

Ans:Solution

*Solution -» Solvent Solute

Ans:Solute - dissolved substance

Solvent - dissolving substance

*Solution is divided into two

a)Saturated solution

b)Unsaturated solution

TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SOLUTION

*Normality

Number of gram equivalent solute in 1 litre of solution

*Molality

Number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of the solvent

*Molarity

Number of moles of solute in 1 litre of solution

CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE

POLYMERS

*Complex molecules formed by the combination of simpler

molecules

Ans : Polymer

*The word polymer means

Ans : Big molecule

*Simplest unit of polymers

Ans : Monomer

*Monomers in the insulin is

Ans : Amino acids


BY SOMNATH

*The process by which polymers and plastics made from

monomers

Ans : Polymerisation

*Study of artificial fibre is called

Ans : Polymer Chemistry

*Examples of natural polymers are

Ans : Cellulose, silk etc.

*Paper is an example of

Ans : Cellulose

*Examples of artificial polymers are

Ans : Rayon, Nylon, Teflon etc.

*Father of Polymer Chemistry

Ans : Hermann Staudinger

*Father of Polymer Physics

Ans : Hermann Mark

PLASTIC

*Plastics are generally

Ans : Synthetic polymers

*Plastics are of two types

(1)Thermoplastic

(2)Thermosetting plastic

THERMO PLASTIC

*Undergoes physical change

eg: Polythene, nylon, PVC, Teflon


BY SOMNATH

THERMO SETTING PLASTIC

*Undergoes chemical chang

eg: Polyster, bakelite

*First artificial plastic

Ans : Bakelite

*Bakelite is made from

Ans : Phenol and formaldehyde

*Plastic will dissolve in

Ans : Chloroform

*Poisonous gas produced on burning of plastic

Ans : Dioxin

*Chemical name of Teflon

Ans : Polytetra fluoro ethylene

*PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride)

Ans : One of the widely used amorphous plastics

*The substance used for coating of non stick utensils

Ans : Teflon

*The plastic which is used to make the storage utensils to keep

strong acids

Ans : Teflon

*The plastic used to make gum

Ans : Urea Formal dehyde

*The plastic which is used to make the clothes, the body of

vehicles

Ans : Polyester

*The plastic which is used to make the fishing net, parachute

etc

Ans : Nylon

*The plastic which is mostly produced and used is

Ans : Polythene


BY SOMNATH

RUBBER

*The birth place of Rubber

Ans : Brazil

*Constituent of natural rubber

Ans : Isoprene

*Rubber is an example of

Ans : Polymer

*The word 'rubber' was first coined by


*Heating rubber with sulphur for the betterment of its properties

like tensile strength, hardness, elasticity etc. is called as

Ans : Vulcanisation

*Vulcanisation was developed by

Ans : Charles Good Year

*Ordinary rubber is

Ans : Thermoplastic

*First synthetic rubber

Ans : Neoprene

*Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Neoprene, Thiokole are the

examples of

Ans : Synthetic rubber

*Rubber is soluble in

Ans : Benzene (C6H6)

*Structure of Benzene was discovered by

Ans : August Kekule

SYNTHETIC RUBBER USES

*Styrene Butadiene -Tyres,footwears

*Neoprene - Cable insulation,marking hose

*Thiokol - Making seal,hoses,Taks for storing solvents


BY SOMNATH

CEMENT

*Cement was invented by

Ans : Joseph Aspidin

*Mixture of aluminates and silicates of calcium is

Ans : Cement

*Setting of cement is due to the hydration of calcium silicates

and

Ans : Calcium aluminates

*Setting time of cement is controlled by adding

Ans : Gypsum

SOAPS AND DETERGENTS

*Sodium hydroxide

Ans : Used to make washing soap

*Potassium hydroxide

Ans : Used to make toilet soap

*Olive oil

Ans : Used to make baby soap

*Salting out

Ans : Extraction of soap from glycerine

*Soap making procedure is known as

Ans : Saponification

*Transparent oil contents are

Ans : Glycerol and caster oil

*The quality of soap is determined by

Ans : TFM (Total Fatty Matter)

*As per the ISI Standard first grade toilet soap should have a

TFM of

Ans : 76%


BY SOMNATH

*Second grade toilet soap should have a TFM of

Ans : 70%

*Mixture of sodium salts of aromatic and sulphonic acids is

Ans : Detergents

DRUGS

*The drugs used to treat infections

Ans : Antibiotics

Eg : Penicillin, Ampicillin etc.

*The drug which either kill or prevent the growth of micro

organism

Ans : Antiseptics

*The drug used to reduce fever

Ans : Antipyretic

*The drug used to reduce pain without causing impairment of

consciousness

Ans : Analgesics

Eg: Aspirin and Paracetamol

*The drug used to relieve stress and anxiety

Ans : Tranquilizer

*The chemical used as mouthwash

Ans : Hydrogen peroxide

ALCOHOL

*Basic group contained in alcohol

Ans : Hydroxyl group (OH)

*The units to measure the amount of alcohol

Ans : ABV, Proof

*The simplest alcohol


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Methanol

*Denaturized spirit

Ans : Ethanol Methanol

*Alcoholic beverage contains

Ans : Ethyl alcohol

*Alcohol poison (Hooch Tragedy) is due to

Ans:Methanol

*Gasohol —> Petrol (gasoline) alcohol

*Ethanol is produced by the

Ans : Fermentation of Sugar

*The product obtained when yeast is added to sugar solution

Ans : Wash

*Absolute alcohol is

Ans : 100% ethanol

*The mixture of absolute alcohol and petrol at the rate of 1:4 is

called

Ans : Power alcohol

*The process of separating alcohol from the mixture of water

and alcohol

Ans : Distillation

COMMON NAME CHEMICAL NAME

Brown Coal - Lignite

Hard Coal - Anthracite

Soft Coal - Bituminous coal

Marsh gas - Methane

Grain alcohol - Ethanol

Wood Spirit - Methanol

Ethanol - Ethyl alcohol

White tar - Naphthalene

Methanol - Methyl alcohol


BY SOMNATH

Rectified spirit - Water

Absolute alcohol - Ethyl alcohol

*The liquor which has the lowest rate of alcohol content

Ans : Beer

*The liquor which is produced from the malted barley

Ans : Beer

*The liquor which has highest rate of alcohol content

Ans : Whisky

*The alcohol which is produced from molasses

Ans : Rum

*The alcohol which is produced from grapes

Ans : Brandy

*The alcohol which is produced from the cashew fruits

Ans : Feni

*The study of wines

Ans : Oenology

ESTERS

*The product derived from the reaction between an acid and an

alcohol

Ans : Esters

*Esters were discovered by

Ans : Hermann Emil Fischer

*Esters are colourless

*The organic compounds used for artificial smell and taste

Ans : Esters


BY SOMNATH

SUGAR

*Simplest sugar

Ans : Glrcose

*Constituents of sugar

Ans : Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxgen

*The first artificial Sugar

Ans : Saccharine

*Sweetest natural Sugar

Ans : Fructose

*Smell of pineapple

Ans : Ethyl Butyrate

*Smell of banana

Ans : Isoamyl Acetate

*Smell of Jasmine

Ans : Benzyl Acetate

*Smell of Orange

Ans : Octyl Acetate

*Smell of Apple

Ans : Butyl Acetate

*Smell of Strawberry

Ans : Methyl Cinnamate

*Smell of Grapes

Ans : Methyl Anthranilate

*Smell of honey

Ans : Methyl Phenyl Acetate

*Smell of Lemon

Ans : Ethyl Formate

*Constituents of sugar

Ans : Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

*The first artificial sugar

Ans : Saccharine

*Sweetest natural sugar


BY SOMNATH

Ans : Fructose

*The sugar which is 200 times sweeter than common table

sugar

Ans : Saccharine


sugar

Ans : Aspartame


sugar

Ans : Sucralose

*Water-soluble protein used in the production of ice cream

Ans : Gelatin

*Molecular formula of Glucose

Ans : C6 H12 O6

*Molecular formula of Fructose

Ans : C6 H12 O6

*Common table sugar - Sucrose

*Sugar in sugarcane - Sucrose

*Sugar in blood - Glucose

*Sugar in milk - Lactose

*Sugar in fruits - Fructose

*Sugar in barley - Maltose

*Sugar in starch - Maltose

*The sugar which is used as the daily needs

Ans : Sucrose

*The sugar which is produced at the time of photosynthesis

Ans : Sucrose


BY SOMNATH

*Examples of artificial sugar

Ans : Saccharine and Aspartame

*The sugar used by diabetes patient

Ans : Aspartame

GLASS

*A super cooled liquid

Ans : Glass

*The substance having high elasticity

Ans : Glass

*The main ingredients of glass

Ans : Sand, lime and soda ash

*The substance which is added to glass to increase its

hardness

Ans : Borax

TWO TYPES OF GLASS

(1)Soft glass -> Sodium silicate

Ans : Calcium silicate

(2)Hard glass -> Potassium silicate

Ans : Calcium silicate

GLASSUSES

*Soda lime glass - Mirror doors, mirror,bulbs, bottles, jar

*Hard glass - Laboratory apparatus, kitchen wares, lenses,

prisms

*Soft glass - Kitchen utensils and factory equipments


BY SOMNATH

*Fibre glass - Industry insulator, helmets, in aeroplanes, boats

*Safety glass - In vehicles, bullet proof screen

*Flint glass - Lenses, Prisms, Electric bulb

*Borosilicate - The equipments used at higher temperature

METAL COMPOUND/ION COLOUR

*Nickel salt Red

*Cupric oxide Red

*Cobalt ion Blue

*Ferric ion Yellow

*Cadmium Sulphide Yellow

*Uranium Oxide Greenish

*Chromium Green

*Manganese dioxide Purple

*Cryolite Milky

*Antimony oxide White

■ USES OF ALLOYS

*Invar - Pendulum Clock

*Nichrome - Heating elements

*Duralumin - Aircraft parts, light tools Solder Magnets Engine

parts

*Soldering wire - Solder

*Alnico - Magnets

*Silumin - Engine parts

*Phospher Bronze - Springs and suspension

*German silver - Utensils

*Magnalium - Troller,Steamer

*Gun metal - Barrel of Gu


BY SOMNATH

*Nickel Steel - Crank shaft

*Manganese - Railway track,Axle of tyres

*Blue gold - Water

*King of metals - Gold

*King of poison - Arsenic

*Metal of future - Titanium

*Rainbow - MetalIridium

*Little Silver - Platinum

*White gold - Platinum

*Quicksilver - Mercury

*Chemical sun - Magnesium

*Sun's son Marsh gas - Helium

*Royal Liquid - Methane

*Laughing gas - Nitrous oxide

*Mineral oil - Petroleum

*White tar - Naphthelene

*Philosopher's wool - Zinc oxide

*Chinese White - zinc Oxide

*Wonder Metal - Titanium

*Future fuel - Hydrogen

*Wonder Drug - Aspirin

*Main raw material of glass

Ans : Silica

*Glass is soluble in

Ans : Hydrofluoric add

*The glass known as water glass

Ans : Sodium Silicate

*Water glass is soluble in

Ans : Water

*The glass known as Pyrex

Ans : Borosilicate glass


BY SOMNATH

*Coal gas - Carbon monoxide Hydrogen Methane

*Gobargas - Methane Carbon dioxide

*LPG - Butane Propane

*Producer gas - Carbon monoxide Hydrogen Nitrogen

*Water gas - Carbon monoxide Hydrogen

*Gasobol Gasolin (Petrol) Alcohol

*Natural gas - Methane Ethane Propane Butane

*Phosgene - arbon monoxide Chlorine

*Sodamide - Sodium Ammonia

*Freezing mixture - Sodium Chioride Ice

*Baurdex mixture - Copper sulphate Calcium Hydroxide

*Nitrating mixture - Sulphuric acid Nitric acid

*Benedict solution - Copper sulphate Sodium Citrate

*Ozone - Christan Schonbein

*Ozone layer - Charles Fabry,Henry Buisson

*Nitric acid - Jabir Ibn Hayyan

*Aquaregia - Jabir Ibn Hayyan

*Cement - Joseph Aspdin

*Carbon dioxide - Joseph Black

*Deuterium - Harold urey

*Isotope - Frederick Soddy

*Electrolysis - Michael Faraday

*Soda water - Joseph Priestly

*Benzene gas - Michael Faraday

*DDT - Paul Hermann Muller

*BHC - Michael Faraday

*Bleaching powder - Charles Tennant

*Carbon dating - Frank Williard Libby

*Allotropes of Hydrogen - Heisenberg


BY SOMNATH

*Super conductivity - Kamerlingh Onnes

*Match Box - John Walker

*Common name Chemical Name

*Rock Salt - Sodium Chloride

*Gypsum - Calcium Sulphate

*Plaster of paris - Calcium Sulphate

*Nitre/Saltpeter - Potassium Nitrate

*Common salt - Sodium Chloride Sodium

*Hypo - Sodium thiosulphate

*Sodanitre - Sodium Nitrate

*Chalk - Calcium Carbonate

*Red lead - Triplumbic tetroxide

*White Vitriol - Zinc Sulphate

*Blue Vitriol - Copper Sulphate

*Green Vitriol - Ferrous /Iron sulphate

*Aspirin - Acetyl Salicylic acid

*Caustic soda - Sodium Hydroxide

*Calomel - Mercurous chloride

*Salt cake - Sodium Sulphate

*Quartz - Sodium dioxide

*Calamine - Zinc carbonate

*Epsom salt - Magnesium sulphate

*Litharge - Lead monoxide

*Chloroform - Trichloro methane

*Glauber's salt - Sodium sulphate

*Salammoniac - Ammonium chloride

*Smelling salt - Ammonium carbonate

*Silica - Silicon dioxide

*Limestone - Calcium carbonate

*Lunar caustic - Silver nitrate

*Potash alum - Potassium aluminium sulphate

*Pearl ash - Potassium carbonate

*Quicklime - Calcium oxide


BY SOMNATH

*Liquor ammonia - Ammonium hydroxide

*Carborundum - Silicon carbide

*Gunpowder - Potassium nitrate

*Talcum powder - Hydrated Magnesium silicate

*Corundum - Aluminium oxide

*Yellow cake - Uranium dioxide

*Rust - Hydrated Iron oxide

*Bauxite - Aluminium oxide

*Dry ice - Solid carbondioxide

*Chili saltpeter - Sodium Nitrate

*Mohr's salt - Ferrous ammonium sulphide

*Hydrolith - Calcium Hydride

*Galena - Lead sulphide

*BHC - Benzene Hexachloride

*DDT - Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane

one liner notes - wbcs chemistry – complete one liner … · 2018. 9. 1. · one liner notes -...

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