One piece of evidence suggesting ECT is

effective

One piece of evidence

suggesting ECT is not effective

Who is ECT appropriate for?

Who is ECT inappropriate for?

Starter Activity

Psychodynamic Theory and Therapy of Depression

PsychoanalysisPsychological therapies

How did the psychodynamic

approach explain depression?

Sees psychological problems as

rooted in the unconscious mind.

Typical causes include unresolved issues during

development (bad relationships) or a repressed

trauma.

Introjection

Psychodynamic Therapy: General Procedure

1. Probes the client’s unconscious to identify the repressed issues.2. Gradually brings the repressed material into consciousness.3. Helps the client to work through it and accept it.4. Places importance on the client-therapist relationship

Tackle the underlying problem (root cause)

In order to access the client’s unconscious to uncover these underlying conflicts the therapist uses a number of different

techniques….

• Free association•Dream analysis•Projective tests

Free association Clients let their minds wander and say

whatever comes into their mindsThey must not censor anythingBy doing this repressed thoughts will come

available in peoples minds

Dream analysis

Unconscious thoughts are revealed in our dreams Patient keeps a record of their dreams and discusses

it with therapist Therapist will analyse their dreams to find out what's

in their unconscious mind

Projective tests

Interpretation

• As the client becomes freer in offering up material from their unconscious, the therapist starts to make interpretations.

• Interpretation must not be offered too early or the client will go into denial.

Evaluation of

psychoanalysis

Is psychoanalysis effective?Task - Use Cardwell p355 to answer the following questions… 1. What did Mufson et al (1999) clinical trail test?2. What did Mufson et al clinical trail find?3. What did they conclude about the effectiveness of

Psychodynamic therapy?4. What did Eysenck conclude from his research in

1952?5. Can you identify any problems with Eysenck’s

research?6. Why is it so hard to assess the effectiveness of

Psychodynamic therapy?

Is psychoanalysis appropriate?

Why is psychoanalysis inappropriate for……..

1.Suicidal patients with severe depression2.Unmotivated patients3. Patients with poor social functioning skills4.Low income patients

Identify at least 2 ethical problems with using Psychodynamic Therapies???

• Financial exploitation of the client.• Creates dependency, rather than

independence.• Potential for the creation of false

memories.

Is psychoanalysis ethical to use?

Ethics

• Read page 548-553 in cardwell and make notes

• Complete hand-out for homework