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Presentation for the:

McIlvaine Company Hot Topic Hour on

Compliance Strategies for PM2.5

Thursday, May 12, 2011

One Source Many Solutions One Purpose

Circulating Dry Scrubbers for PM2.5 Compliance

Terence Ake

Turbosorp® CDS Product Manager


Circulating Dry Scrubbers for PM2.5 Compliance

A. EPA Regulations

B. Particulate Measurement Methods

C. Circulating Dry Scrubbers

Outline


• National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS)

• New Source Performance Standards

(NSPS)

• Proposed Utility Maximum Achievable

Control Technology (MACT)

• Proposed Area and Major Source Industrial

Boiler MACT

EPA Regulations


EXAMPLE

Coal-Fired Units (Except Lignite)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Total PM Non-Hg Metal HCl SO2 Hg

Em

iss

ion

(lb

/10

6 B

tu)

Existing

New

Proposed Utility MACT Limits

Total PM = Filterable (PM2.5) + Condensibles

CEMS

required

if not

testing

for HAP CEMS

required

if no

scrubber

SO2

may be

surrogate

for HCl

with

scrubber


EXAMPLE

Coal Fired Units (Coals Except Lignite)0.000000001

0.00000001

0.0000001

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

Total PM

Non-Hg

Metal HCl SO2 Hg

Em

iss

ion

(lb

/10

6 B

tu)

Existing

New


Reverse Logarithmic Scale

(Bigger Bar Means Much Smaller Limit)

Measure

every 2

months if

no PM

CEMS

Hg or

sorbent

trap

CEMS

required


• 30-day Rolling Averages of Continuous Monitor

Readings Compared to Limits

• Limits are All Pollutants for All-Times

No Provisions for Startup Shutdown or Malfunction

• Total PM =

Filterable (PM2.5) +Condensibles (SO3, NH4Cl, etc.)

• Measurement programs mandated within 30 days of

compliance date

• Operating practices must be defined and established



A. EPA Regulations

• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

• New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)

• Proposed Utility Maximum Achievable Control Technology

(MACT)

• Proposed Area and Major Source Industrial Boiler MACT

B. Particulate Measurement Methods



Particulate Matter Measurement Methods

Method 5

Method

202

• Method 5 for PM2.5

• Method 17 for Total PM

• Method 202 for Condensibles

EPA issued New Method 202 in Dec-10


A. EPA Regulations

• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

• New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)

• Proposed Utility Maximum Achievable Control Technology

(MACT)

• Proposed Area and Major Source Industrial Boiler MACT

B. Particulate Matter Measurement Methods


• Process

• Chemistry

• Emissions


Circulating Dry Scrubbers

Internal Solids

Recirculation

Enhances

Reactions

Turbosorp® CDSFlue Gas and Solids Path Diagram

High Solids

Recirculation

Turbulent

Reactor Mixing

No Slurry

Handling


Chemistry



CaSO ½ H O3 2

Ca(OH)2

CaSO ½ H O3 2

Ca(OH)2

CaSO ½ H O3 2

Ca(OH)2

Reaction after

first pass

Water added to

surface during

recirculation

Sulfite crystal

forms, exposing

fresh surfaces

Formation of reaction

products layer



Coal-Fired Units

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

EPA Total Total PM Total PM PM PM

PM Limit Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4

Em

iss

ion

(lb

/10

6 B

tu)

Existing

New

Turbosorp® CDSPM Emission Data Compared to Utility MACT


Total Filter-

able

1 CMPT

OOS

All

CMPTS

Condensibles

Not Measured with

New Method 202


Turbosorp® CDS Emissions Summary(Conclusion)

SO2 95 – 98 %

SO3 95 – 99 %

HCl 95 – 99 %

HF 95 – 99 %

Mercury 90 – 95 %

• Coals up to 6 lbs of SO2/106Btu

• SO2 down to 0.03 lb/106Btu


Reduces PM

Condensibles

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