one step ahead of eab: a genetic conservation program for ash in minnesota andrew david, associate...
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One Step Ahead of EAB: A Genetic Conservation Program for Ash in Minnesota
Andrew David, Associate ProfessorDepartment of Forest Resources
University of Minnesotaand
Mike Reichenbach, Extension EducatorUniversity of Minnesota
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Overview
Minnesota Seed Collection Initiative
Ash tree identification
Seed collection
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EAB – Status of knowledge
Lack of an effective biological control
All ash species impacted
Virtually all tree sizes susceptible
No known natural resistance
Based on these facts it is prudent and proactive to prepare for an invasion
of EAB in Minnesota.
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Preparation for EAB
Minnesota Department of Agriculture EAB readiness team EAB scientific advisory group 1st Detector trainings
Ash seed collection program Systematic sampling strategy Opportunistic strategy
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USDA NRCS
The Minnesota Ash Seed Collection Initiative
Work with the Natural Resource Conservation Service Rose Lake Plant Materials Center in Michigan
Seeds will be stored at the USDA Agricultural Research Service facility in Colorado
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Ash seed collection
Goal Protect the genetic variation of Minnesota’s ash
resource by collecting open pollinated seed and creating an ex situ seed bank
Who will collect the seed Research team Volunteers
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Ash Tree Identification - Terms
Opposite
Alternate
Palmate
Pinnate
Sessile
Petiolate
Petiole
Rachis
NoPetiole
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USDA NRCS
Ash Trees vs. Other Trees
Branching Opposite or Alternate? Alternate = NOT an Ash Opposite = Ash, Maple, Dogwood, or Buckeye
Leaf Arrangement Pinnate or Palmate? Palmate = NOT an Ash Pinnate = Ash or Boxelder
Number of usual leaflets per leaf? 3 – 5 leaflets, usually 3 = Boxelder 5 - 9 leaflets, usually 7 = Ash
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Black Ash
Leaves are 12-16 inches long with 7-11 pointed-oval, finely-toothed leaflets. Leaflets are smooth dark-green, leaflets tight against rachis
Black ash grows 50-70 feet in height depending on the soil type.
Black Ash seed
USDA NRCS
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Green Ash
Green Ash seed
Green Ash tree Leaflets on short petiole
USDA NRCS
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White Ash
White Ash seed
White Ash tree
Leaflet on short petiole
Pale undersideof leaflet
USDA NRCS
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Black ash
Green ashWhite ash
Comparison of black, green and white ash seedsR.P. Karrfalt, 2006
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USDA NRCS
Seed collection
Selecting the tree
When to collect
What to collect
How to handle the seed Packaging Labeling Shipping
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Selecting the tree
Not all trees produce seed White and green ash
male & female flowers on separate trees -- dioecious
Black ash Male and female flowers can be found on the
same tree -- monoecious Flowering at the base of new growth in the
spring
From which trees should seed be collected
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Ash flowers are formed at the base of the new growth each spring.
R.P. Karrfalt, 2006
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The flowers and immature seeds are indicators that seeds will be available in the fall.
R.P. Karrfalt, 2006
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Collect seed from “wild” trees.
Landscape trees, in parks, along streets, and in yards are not good candidates.
R.P. Karrfalt, 2006
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Seed collection
When to collect September through December.
Fruit normally ripens August through September but will sometimes remain on the tree until the following spring
What to collect Collect 1 – 2 cups of fruit (samara) from each tree or
group of trees at each site. Keep samara from each collection site and species
separated. Do not pick samara from the ground
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Seed collection
How to handle collection Place harvested seeds into a cloth or paper bag Label the bag to identify the sample Complete ash seed collection form and
attach to seed bag Store seeds under cool, dry conditions until shipment
Send samples toUSDA-NRCSRose Lake Plant Materials Center 7472 Stoll RoadEast Lansing, MI 48823-9420
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Additional Information
Ash seed collection website – www.ashseed.org
Handout materials Ash seed collection information Ash identification Information Ash seed collection instructions and
collection forms
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Minnesota ash genetic conservation research team
Andrew David – PI, UMN Mike Benedict – District forester, BIA David Ellis – Curator, USDA ARS NCGRP David Heinzen, Director RA, MN DNR Rick Klevorn, State Silviculturist, MN DNR Mike Reichenbach, Extension Educator Kathy Haiby – Field plot coordinator Egon Humenberger – Assistant Scientist Julie Hendrickson – Master’s student