one young world countries research 2012
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In a time when young people are being described by some commentators as the ‘lost generation’, this international survey of 20-29 year olds sheds light on the views and attitudes of young people on the important questions that world leaders face today. The broad political landscape is defined, for many, by the economic crisis and how their governments have responded. There are strong calls for the financial sector to operate in a more ethical and responsible way which may include further regulation of the sector. Although, trust in their government’s ability to deliver is weak, particularly so in Europe. The theme of behaving in an ethical and responsible way is not only limited to the financial sector, but it is also expected of global corporations and governments. Beyond economics, poverty and corruption run through the piece as topics that are of the utmost importance to many of the world’s young. It is these factors that are perceived to be the root of inequality in many areas of civil society such as education, health, and democracy. However, there exists a sense of ineffectuality amongst many of Europe and the West’s young people as indicated by their low levels of political and civil engagement both online and ‘offline’. Indeed, hope and optimism amongst Europeans is a lot lower than their counterparts elsewhere in the world. India and China in particular stand out as the countries that are most positive about their futures. The level of depression between the west and the rest is startling, and the political and economic context 20-29 years olds are living in is summed up by the perception that their lives will not be better than their parents’.TRANSCRIPT
One Young World Countries Research 2012
August 2012
2
Who we spoke to: the research sample
USA
UK
CHINA
INDIA
SPAINFRANCE
GERMANY
MEXICO EGYPT
SOUTH AFRICA
BRAZIL
RUSSIA
• 6269 interviews, completed in 12 countries• 20-29 year olds• Undergraduates, graduates, white collar workers, or those employed who have genuine
responsibilities in their role• Mix of male and female (50-50)
3
Summary of findings
Introduction
In a time when young people are being described by some commentators as the ‘lost generation’, this international survey of 20-29 year olds sheds light on the views and attitudes of young people on the important questions that world leaders face today.
The broad political landscape is defined, for many, by the economic crisis and how their governments have responded. There are strong calls for the financial sector to operate in a more ethical and responsible way which may include further regulation of the sector. Although, trust in their government’s ability to deliver is weak, particularly so in Europe. The theme of behaving in an ethical and responsible way is not only limited to the financial sector, but it is also expected of global corporations and governments.
Beyond economics, poverty and corruption run through the piece as topics that are of the utmost importance to many of the world’s young. It is these factors that are perceived to be the root of inequality in many areas of civil society such as education, health, and democracy. However, there exists a sense of ineffectuality amongst many of Europe and the West’s young people as indicated by their low levels of political and civil engagement both online and ‘offline’.
Indeed, hope and optimism amongst Europeans is a lot lower than their counterparts elsewhere in the world. India and China in particular stand out as the countries that are most positive about their futures. The level of depression between the west and the rest is startling, and the political and economic context 20-29 years olds are living in is summed up by the perception that their lives will not be better than their parents’.
I believe my life will be better than my parents
Europe and USA Rest of World
30% 64%
4
Summary of findings
Education
• Over 90% of respondents in Brazil, South Africa, Russia and Mexico feel literacy rates are holding their country back, with poverty (73% agree) as the main factors that limits access to education
• 93% of all surveyed feel education is important for eradicating poverty. In India (80% agree) and China (70% agree) this can mean advancing girls’ education over that of boys
Global Business
• 82% of all respondents agree that the financial sector should be regulated in an ethical and responsible way, and 70% agree that the financial sector needs further government regulation. Although European countries (22%) trust their government to regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way than the rest of the world (31%)
• Whilst 74% of all respondents agree that businesses should provide social benefits, only 44% feel that improvements are being made in this area. 73% feel it is important that businesses should have a purpose beyond profit, particularly in Mexico (90%), South Africa (87%) and Brazil (85%)
Global Health
• Many countries do not feel that their governments are doing a good job at looking after their citizens health, with only 28% agreeing this is the case. Russia (53%) scores the highest and Brazil (13%) the lowest for this factor
• Brazil also have the smallest proportion that consider there to be equal access to healthcare (10% agree). There are even great divides in this measure amongst the developed countries with 80% in the UK agreeing there is equal access, USA 31%, and France 26%
Human Rights
• Whilst many agree human rights are important (81% agree), fewer think that ‘the rights of citizens are legally protected in their country’, with strong disagreement of this statement coming from Brazil (45% disagree), Russia (54%), and Egypt (41%)
• On the whole the poor (55% agree) and people with disabilities (51% agree) are the groups in society that need further help or support, with children (38% agree) close behind. In the US it is the LGBT (47%) community and certain ethnic groups (45%)
5
Summary of findings
Leadership and governance
• 70% of all countries (excluding China) agree that their generation will be particularly affected by the economic mismanagement of recent years. The is felt particularly strongly in Mexico with (81% agree), although to a lesser extent in Germany (51% agree)
• Political engagement varies greatly across the countries surveyed, although on the whole this group of 20-29 year olds are more likely to engage in some political activity online (44% agree), as opposed to offline (32%)
Sustainable development
• There is a clear divide between developed and developing countries when considering ‘Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity’. China (82%) and India (68%) agree with this sentiment, and opposition comes from the UK (58% disagree) and Brazil (54% disagree).
• Although, there seems to be more consensus with the idea that developing countries should be bound by environmental regulations as strong as those from developed countries, 70% agree.
Transparency
• 6 out of 12 countries agree (with over 90% agreeing) that corruption is widespread in their country. The two countries that disagree the most with this are Germany (69% disagree) and the UK (66% disagree)
• 6 of the 12 countries believe transparency is the most important thing to be in place before starting to fight corruption. By contrast, Russia, Egypt and France consider the application of the rule of law to be most important. Whilst, the UK and USA consider the most important thing to be democratic accountability
Education
7
Education: Summary of findings
• Many non-European countries feel literacy rates are holding their country back. In particular, over 90% of respondents in Brazil, South Africa, Russia, and Mexico believe this to be the case
• One of the key factors limiting access to education is poverty. With 73%, poverty emerges as the top factor to limit access to education for all respondents.
• Surprisingly, poverty is also the highest factor amongst more developed countries such as UK, Germany and France. What might be expressed here is poverty as a limiting factor to the opportunities of education. This view is consistent with Joseph Rowntree Research on education and poverty which explored this issue in some depth:
“Children growing up in low-income families tend to leave school with substantially lower levels of education attainment than their more advantaged peers” (JRF 2010)
• Corruption is a significant concern for respondents of half of the countries in the study when thinking about access to education. Corruption is also the factor that is most detrimental to education in their country. For example, 78% of Russian respondents believe corruption limits access to education, and 80% of Brazilian respondents believe corruption is the most detrimental to education
• Whilst there is strong agreement (93%) across all countries that education is important for eradicating poverty in developing countries, there is less consensus that girls’ education would need to be advantaged above boys’ in order to fight poverty in developing countries
― However, there is strong agreement with this factor in both India (80%) and China (70%). In both of these countries there are inequalities in literacy rates amongst men and women. In India this is more acute with male literacy at 73.4% and female at 47.8%.
8
Education
Are you concerned that literacy rates are holding back your country’s development? % answering ‘yes’
Base: All countries n=6269
Germany
UK
France
USA
Spain
China
India
Egypt
Mexico
Russia
South Africa
Brazil
21%
37%
45%
51%
51%
63%
88%
89%
90%
90%
92%
94%
9
Education
Which 3 of the following factors do you believe most limit access to education in your country?
Other
Age
Gender
Internet access
Race
Religion
Family
Violence/social unrest
Cultural issues
Distance to facilities
Corruption*
Poverty
6%
10%
11%
12%
14%
18%
25%
27%
31%
36%
41%
73%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China (n=5756)
10
Education
Which 3 of the following factors, if any, do you believe are most detrimental to education in your country?
None of the above
Lack of internet access
Lack of teachers
Corruption*
Lack of funding
Lack of resources/equipment
Wasted funding and/or resources
6%
14%
41%
43%
50%
56%
58%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China (n=5756)
11
Education
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Education is an important step to eradicating poverty in developing countries
When it comes to fighting poverty in developing countries, educating girls and women is a more important step than increasing the education of
boys and men
64%
20%
29%
25%
6%
28%
1%
17%
0%
10%
Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree
Total agree:
93%
45%
Base: All countries n=6269
12
Education When it comes to fighting poverty in developing countries, educating girls and women is a more important step than increasing the education of boys and men. % answering agree, or agree a lot.
Russia
Mexico
Germany
France
South Africa
Brazil
Spain
USA
UK
Egypt
China
India
21%
27%
36%
38%
40%
41%
42%
43%
50%
53%
70%
80%
Base: All countries n=6269
Global Business
14
Global business: Summary of findings
• Across all countries, importance is placed on regulating the financial sector in a ethical and responsible way, with 82% of all respondents agreeing this should be the case. 70% also agree that the financial sector needs further government regulation.
― However, the majority of countries cannot trust their governments to do this and levels of trust are low at around 20% for most countries with the exception of India and Egypt where levels are over 50%
• Whilst 74% of all respondents agree that businesses should provide social benefits, only 44% feel that improvements are being made in this area. India (68%) and China (67%) are top when it comes to thinking that businesses are making improvements to be socially responsible in their country, whereas Germany (20%), France (29%) and the UK (29%) are at bottom end.
• Working for a business that shares your ethics is most important amongst Indian respondents (71% agree), but this factor scores lowest amongst Spanish (41%)
• The theme of ethics continues in India where 67% of respondents claim they ensure not buy from a company that is not transparent in the way it works. However, this factor scores lowest amongst French respondents with 27% agreeing
15
Global Business
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
82%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
81%
74%
73%
70%
62%
60%
57%
48%
44%
43%
28% I can trust the government in my country to regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way*
I take time to ensure I don’t buy from companies who are not transparent in the way they work e.g. how they treat their employees, sustainability practices, ethics
Global business is making significant improvements in the realm of social responsibility
I have more faith in global business than I do in world politics
I will only work for companies that share my ethics
My career ambition is to run my own business
My career ambition is to work my way up to the top of an established business I admire
The financial sector (e.g. banks, insurance, credit companies) needs greater government regulation
It is important that companies have a purpose beyond profit
Businesses that make a profit must provide social benefits
It is important to properly regulate the financial sector
It is important to properly regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way
9%
14%
13%
19%
20%
33%
26%
35%
34%
33%
40%
44%
19%
29%
31%
29%
37%
27%
36%
35%
39%
41%
41%
38%
31%
37%
41%
39%
31%
20%
22%
23%
21%
20%
16%
16%
25%
15%
12%
10%
9%
14%
12%
5%
5%
5%
2%
2%
16%
4%
4%
4%
3%
7%
5%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree
16
Global Business
I have more faith in global business than I do in world politics. % answering agree or agree a lot
UK
Germany
USA
France
Brazil
Spain
Russia
China
Mexico
Egypt
India
South Africa
28%
29%
32%
37%
39%
45%
46%
55%
65%
67%
68%
69%
Base: All countries n=6269
17
Global Business
I can trust the government in my country to regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way. % answering agree or agree a lot*
UK
Brazil
USA
France
Mexico
South Africa
Spain
Germany
Russia
Egypt
India
18%
19%
20%
21%
22%
22%
23%
27%
33%
51%
52%
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
Global Health
19
Global health: Summary of findings
• Many countries do not feel that their governments are doing a good job at looking after their citizens’ health, with only 28% of all respondents agreeing this is the case. Russia (53%) scores the highest and Brazil (13%) the lowest for this factor
• Brazil also have the smallest proportion that consider there to be equal access to healthcare (10% agree). There are even great divides in this measure amongst the developed countries with the 80% in the UK agreeing there is equal access, USA (31%) and France (26%)
• Although only a few (8%) respondents across the countries surveyed had some personal experience of HIV/AIDS, it is considered to be the one health issue that carries the most stigma (49%).
• A further health issue that is of some concern to many of the respondents is obesity. It is the second most common health issue (30%) with which respondents have some personal experience, and after HIV/AIDS is the top when it comes to being a stigma in their country (41%)
• 74% of the total sample are concerned about levels of obesity in their country, it is not only a western problem but is a concern shared across the world. For example, in China 81% of respondents are concerned about obesity.
― Some commentary suggests this may be a case of development and more people living in urban areas, and also the lack of emphasis in the Chinese school system on physical exercise, focussing instead on intellectual activities
• The concern with obesity is also mirrored by the view that food companies should be more tightly regulated (74% agree) and they should be banned from advertising to children (75% agree)
• In most countries the level of concern around obesity goes hand in hand with the score for tighter regulation of food companies, except in the USA where 77% are concerned, but only 50% agree with tighter regulation – the lowest score from a country on this measure
20
Health
Is there equal access to healthcare in your country? % answering ‘yes’
Base: All countries n=6269
Brazil
Egypt
France
South Africa
China
USA
Mexico
Russia
India
Germany
Spain
UK
10%
14%
26%
27%
30%
31%
37%
41%
52%
63%
70%
80%
21
Health
Which of the following do you consider affects or has affected you, your family or close friends?
None of the above
HIV/AIDS or other blood-borne virus
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Malaria or other parasite-borne disease
Water-borne disease e.g. cholera
Physical or sensory impairment
Physical disability
Mental health issues
Obesity
Chronic illness e.g. diabetes
26%
8%
9%
10%
11%
14%
17%
25%
30%
41%
Base: All countries n=6269
22
Health
Which of the following do you believe is subject to stigma in your country?
None of the above
Malaria or other parasite-borne disease
Water-borne disease e.g. cholera
Physical or sensory impairment
Chronic illness e.g. diabetes
Physical disability
Mental health issues
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Obesity
HIV/AIDS or other blood-borne virus
11%
12%
13%
15%
21%
32%
35%
36%
41%
49%
Base: All countries n=6269
23
Health
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
My government does a good job of looking after its citizens’ health*
My government is effective in implementing preventative measures combatting the spread of HIV/AIDS*
The spread of HIV/AIDS is being prevented in my country
Fast food companies should be banned from directing advertising at children
I am concerned that the growing levels of obesity in my country will lead to huge future health issues
Food companies should be more tightly regulated in terms of fat, salt and sugar content in their products
8%
15%
19%
35%
34%
42%
21%
36%
41%
28%
39%
32%
36%
31%
26%
23%
19%
17%
23%
14%
11%
10%
6%
6%
12%
4%
3%
4%
1%
2%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagreeTotal agree:
74%
73%
63%
60%
51%
29%
24
Health
My government does a good job of looking after its citizens’ health.% answering agree or agree a lot*
Brazil
USA
South Africa
Mexico
Germany
Egypt
Spain
UK
France
India
Russia
13%
15%
17%
21%
27%
27%
31%
33%
34%
40%
53%
Base: All countries n=5756*excludes China
25
Health
I am concerned that the growing levels of obesity in my country will lead to huge future health issues. % answering agree or agree a lot
Germany
Russia
South Africa
Spain
France
Egypt
India
USA
Brazil
China
UK
Mexico
60%
64%
64%
68%
69%
75%
76%
77%
77%
81%
86%
90%
Base: All countries n=6269
26
HealthPlease rate the level of equal opportunity in the following locations in your country. (By "equal opportunity" we mean the provision of materials and systems that allow everyone equal access, such as wheelchair ramps, large print books, hearing loops etc.)
Total good:
44%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
Public transport
Government and civil facilities*
Educational establishments
Office buildings
Workplace
Commerce centres
9%
10%
10%
9%
12%
12%
22%
27%
27%
28%
28%
32%
29%
32%
33%
35%
34%
33%
20%
18%
19%
16%
15%
13%
18%
9%
9%
7%
8%
5%
3%
4%
3%
5%
3%
5%
Very good Good Fair Poor Very poor Don’t know
40%
37%
37%
37%
31%
Human Rights
28
Human Rights: Summary of findings
• Whilst many agree human rights are important, fewer think that ‘the rights of citizens are legally protected in their country’, with disagreement of this statement coming from Brazil (45% disagree), Russia (54%), and Egypt (41%)
• 81% agree with the importance of legal measures being in place to protect citizens, in particular 97% of Chinese respondents agree with this statement, although only 54% of Russian respondents agree
• On the whole the poor (55% agree) and people with disabilities (51% agree) are the groups in society that need further help or support, with children (38% agree) close behind
• In the USA, however, the two groups that respondents feel need further help and support are members of the LGBT community (47% agree) and certain ethnic groups (45% agree)
• For those that do not think that the rights of the citizens are protected in their country (excluding China), the main groups from which citizens need protecting are agents of the state (71% agree) and the state itself (60% agree)
29
Human Rights
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
81%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
The laws protecting human rights in my country are well implemented*
Citizens in my country are better protected by the law than citizens in other countries in the region*
The human rights of all citizens are legally protected in my country*
It is important that there are legal measures in place to protect citizens in my country
13%
15%
19%
39%
29%
31%
34%
42%
25%
27%
23%
14%
22%
19%
17%
3%
11%
9%
8%
2%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
53%
46%
42%
30
Human Rights
The human rights of all citizens are legally protected in my country . % answering agree or agree a lot*
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
Brazil
Egypt
Russia
India
Mexico
South Africa
France
USA
Spain
UK
Germany
27%
30%
31%
52%
54%
54%
55%
55%
56%
78%
84%
31
Human Rights
Which groups, if any, do you think require extra help or support in your country?
Base: All countries n=6269
Certain religious groups
Certain ethnic groups
Indigenous people
Members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community
Immigrants and refugees
Women
Everyone
Children
People with disabilities/health issues
The poor
9%
15%
17%
19%
20%
26%
28%
38%
51%
55%
32
Human Rights
For those that disagree rights are protected or well implemented in there own country: Which group’s human rights are likely to be violated in your country?*
Base: All countries n=2127*not asked in China
Certain religious groups
Activists/journalists
Certain ethnic groups
Indigenous people
Everyone
Immigrants and refugees
Those not in the ruling elite
Women
Children
Members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community
People with disabilities/health issues
The poor
17%
17%
19%
21%
21%
24%
25%
27%
28%
29%
36%
50%
33
Human Rights
For those that disagree rights are protected or well implemented in there own country: Who do you believe violates the human rights of individuals or groups in your country?*
Base: All countries n=2127*not asked in China
Religious organisations
The media
Businesses
Other political groups
Other citizens
The judiciary
The state (in terms of legislation/policy making)
Agents of the state (the police, prison staff, social services, health services etc.)
29%
34%
34%
39%
41%
43%
60%
71%
Leadership and Governance
35
Leadership and governance: Summary of findings
• Political engagement varies greatly across the countries surveyed, although on the whole 20-29 year olds are more likely to engage in some political activity online (44% agree), as opposed to offline (32% agree)
• The top 3 countries where respondents are politically engaged are:― Offline: Egypt (53%), India (47%), Mexico (42%)― Online: Egypt (63%), USA (52%), India (50%)
• Those engaged offline are generally engaged online. India, Mexico, and Egypt all score high when asked about corruption in their own country; giving an insight into their political context
• Whilst offline political engagement scores are low in many countries (with the UK lowest at 20%), there is on the whole an uplift in scores for online engagement (eg 39% of UK respondents). Indeed 62% agree that online social networks are driving political discussion amongst young people
• 70% of all countries (excluding China) agree that their generation will be particularly affected by the economic mismanagement of recent years. The is felt particularly strongly in Mexico with 81% agreeing, although to a lesser extent in Germany where 51% agree
• Only 26% agree that the worst of the economic crisis is over in their country, with the lowest being South Africa (13%), although the most positive country in this regard is India where 41% agree the worst is over
• 66% are worried that it will take years for them to get the kind of job they want, with this rising to 91% in Mexico. Indeed, 80% of all respondents agree that youth unemployment is insufficiently addressed in their country
36
Leadership & Governance
Is it possible for a political leader to remain popular once in power?*% answering ‘yes’
Base: All countries n=5755*not asked in China
France
Spain
UK
Germany
Egypt
Mexico
South Africa
USA
India
Brazil
Russia
57%
75%
76%
78%
81%
82%
83%
85%
86%
90%
92%
37
Leadership & Governance
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
74%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
In the last twelve months I have been personally involved (not including on social media) in political and/or civic engagement beyond just the act of voting, for example I took part in a political meeting, demonstration or other activity*
In the last twelve months I have used social media to be personally involved in political and/or civic engagement. For example I took part in a political discussion, organised a demonstration, signed a petition or other activity*
Online social media has been a main driver of political change in North Africa and the Middle East*
Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are connecting young people in my country with our political leaders*
I consider myself to be an active member of my community
I use social media to be an active member of my community
Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are leading to greater discussion between young people and older people in my country
Citizen-powered movements are creating lasting positive change in the world*
Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are driving political discussion amongst young people in my country*
My generation will be hit hardest by the political/economic mismanagement of recent years*
Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are leading to greater discussion amongst young people in my country
I am worried about how we will care for the ageing population
12%
15%
15%
15%
14%
13%
18%
16%
23%
31%
29%
29%
20%
27%
27%
31%
34%
35%
31%
36%
39%
38%
42%
45%
19%
20%
43%
30%
31%
27%
29%
36%
26%
22%
21%
19%
30%
23%
11%
17%
17%
19%
17%
9%
10%
7%
6%
6%
19%
15%
5%
7%
4%
7%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
71%
69%
62%
42%
49%
48%
48%
46%
42%
42%
32%
38
Leadership & Governance
Citizen-powered movements are creating lasting positive change in the world% answering agree or agree a lot*
Base: All countries n=5755*not asked in China
UK
Germany
France
Spain
USA
South Africa
Russia
Egypt
Brazil
Mexico
India
39%
42%
45%
47%
47%
50%
50%
61%
62%
67%
69%
39
Leadership & Governance
In the last twelve months I have been personally involved in political and/or civic engagement beyond just the act of voting, for example I took part in a political meeting, demonstration or other activity. % answering agree or agree a lot*
Base: All countries n=5755*not asked in China
USA
UK
Spain
South Africa
Russia
Mexico
India
Germany
France
Egypt
Brazil
31%
20%
35%
24%
25%
42%
47%
25%
25%
53%
28%
52%
39%
39%
38%
31%
50%
50%
36%
25%
63%
34%
OnlineOffline
40
Leadership & Governance
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
86%
79%
78%
70%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
Once individual politicians are in power, they are unable to deliver on their promises*
Politics in my country needs major reform*
My generation has the power to bring about positive global change
It is the duty of my generation to change the world for the better
36%
49%
38%
46%
34%
29%
41%
40%
22%
17%
16%
13%
7%
4%
4%
2%
1%
1%
1%
0%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
41
Leadership & Governance
For those that agree individual politicians in power are unable to deliver on their promises: Which one factor most hampers a politician’s ability to deliver?*
Base: All countries n=4009*not asked in China
Other
Lack of funds
Their relationship with businesses
Lobbyists
Bureaucracy
Party politics
Personal greed/ambition
Unrealistic or false promises
Corruption
2%
5%
5%
5%
6%
9%
17%
20%
31%
Sustainable Development
43
Sustainable Development: Summary of findings
• There is a clear divide between developed and developing countries when considering the statement ‘Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity’. China (82%) and India (68%) agree with this sentiment, and those opposing are mostly from the UK (58% disagree) and Brazil (54% disagree).
― The rapid development of BRIC countries appears to highlight an inherent contradiction in Brazil’s results, however, Yale University’s Environmental Sustainability Index ranks Brazil 11th in the world on a series of measures for example reducing air pollution, resource management and Green House gas emissions. By contrast India is ranked 101st , and China 133rd
• Although, there seems to be more consensus with the idea that developing countries should be bound by environmental regulations as strong as those from developed countries, 70% agree.
• Many countries agree that a sustainable future is a realistic goal (68% agree), although 41% disagree that politicians are going at the right speed to achieve affective agreements to combat climate change. China is the exception with 65% agreeing politicians are going about the right speed
• Focusing on individuals contributing to a sustainable future, 54% stated they had taken ‘significant steps to live a more sustainable life’
• On the issue of building nuclear power stations, 38% agreed with this. The most support came from India (63%) and Egypt (61%), opposing the issue the most are Germany (62%) and Brazil (42%)
44
Sustainable Development
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
74%
Base: All countries n=6269
The world’s leaders are going at the right speed to achieve effective agreements on combatting climate change
Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity
Maintaining a supply of clean water is a problem in my country
Fossil fuel subsidies should cease by 2020
Multi-national businesses play a vital role in solving the world’s problems
A sustainable future is a realistic goal
Developing countries should be bound by environmental regulations as strong as those for developed countries
I am extremely concerned about climate change
8%
18%
19%
25%
19%
23%
31%
33%
21%
28%
27%
29%
38%
45%
39%
41%
31%
22%
22%
34%
31%
23%
21%
17%
28%
18%
20%
10%
8%
7%
7%
7%
13%
13%
13%
3%
4%
2%
2%
2%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
70%
68%
57%
54%
46%
46%
29%
45
Sustainable Development
Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity % answering agree or agree a lot
Base: All countries n=6269
UK
USA
Brazil
France
Germany
South Africa
Spain
Egypt
Mexico
Russia
India
China
16%
26%
27%
37%
37%
46%
47%
54%
58%
60%
68%
82%
46
Sustainable Development
Please rate how influential you believe the following to be in bringing about sustainable development, where 0 is not at all influential and 10 is very influential.? Mean score shown
Base: All countries n=6269
NGOs
Individuals
Individual governments
The UN/other international bodies
The younger generation
Businesses
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
5.8
5.8
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.4
47
Sustainable Development
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
79%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
I think sustainable development should be low on the list of political priorities in my country*
I support the building of new nuclear power stations
Sustainable development is low on the list of political priorities in my country*
In the past year I have taken significant steps to live a more sustainable lifestyle
There is a lack of political will to implement sustainable development*
My country must do more to develop clean energy and lower its pollution levels
7%
15%
18%
14%
23%
41%
17%
22%
36%
41%
41%
38%
23%
32%
29%
31%
26%
16%
29%
16%
16%
12%
8%
3%
24%
15%
2%
3%
2%
1%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
64%
55%
54%
37%
24%
48
Sustainable Development
I support the building of new nuclear power stations.% answering agree or agree a lot
Base: All countries n=6269
Germany
France
Brazil
Russia
Spain
Mexico
South Africa
USA
UK
China
Egypt
India
14%
20%
26%
28%
29%
33%
39%
41%
44%
56%
61%
63%
Transparency
50
Transparency: Summary of findings
• 6 out of 12 countries agree (with over 90%) that corruption is widespread in their country. The two countries that disagree the most with this are Germany (69% disagree) and the UK (66% disagree)
• The type of corruption that comes at the top for each country in terms of the level of respondents’ concern are:― Access to education: Brazil, India, Russia, Mexico, Egypt, South Africa― The relationship between business and government: UK, Germany, USA― False promises: France― Tax evasion: Spain
• 6 of the 12 countries believe transparency is the most important thing to be in place before starting to fight transparency. By contrast, Russia, Egypt and France consider the application of the rule of law to be most important. Whilst, the UK and USA consider the most important thing to be democratic accountability
• The mainstream media are considered the most effective tool to fight corruption, chosen by 47%• However, not all countries feel their media can report freely. For example Mexico (74%), Russia (68%), India (60%),
South Africa (59%) and Brazil (58%) agree that their media is not free to report as it wishes.• The country with the lowest score is the UK where only 25% agree the media is not free
51
Transparency
Is corruption widespread in your country?*% answering ‘yes’
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
Germany
UK
France
USA
Spain
Egypt
Brazil
South Africa
Russia
India
Mexico
31%
34%
65%
69%
89%
92%
95%
96%
97%
97%
99%
52
Transparency
How concerned are you about the following types or areas of corruption in your country where 0 is not at all concerned and 10 is very concerned.*
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
NGOs
Electoral
Nepotism (favouritism shown on the basis of family relationship)
Tax evasion
Access to health care
Access to education
The relationship between business and government
False promises
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
5.8
6.2
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
53
Transparency
Which of the following do you believe need to be in place before starting to fight corruption? Please select the top 3.*
Base: All countries n=5755*not asked in China
None of the above
Uncensored internet
Economic development
Freedom of speech
Application of the rule of law
Democratic accountability
Transparency
6%
15%
36%
41%
52%
53%
63%
54
Transparency
Which of the following do you think are effective tools for individuals to fight corruption? Please select the top 3.*
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
None of the above
Political lobbying
International advocacy (e.g. NGOs such as Amnesty International)
Local advocacy (e.g. local pressure groups and charities/NGOs)
Social media eg Facebook, Twitter
Offline protest/demonstration (e.g. took part in a political meeting, demonstration
or other offline activity)
Mainstream media
12%
30%
36%
43%
43%
43%
47%
55
Transparency
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
81%
77%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
In the last year I have actively looked for information on the practices or ethics of a company
I believe that national elections in my country are fair and not corrupt*
I do not feel the media in my country is free to report as it wishes*
News media are a critical way of scrutinising what public servants such as politicians do in my country*
The relationship between business and government in my country lacks transparency and accountability*
Wealth, power and opportunity are in the hands of only a few people in my country*
The more transparent a business is, the more likely I am to trust it
13%
14%
20%
21%
30%
42%
38%
30%
29%
29%
39%
40%
35%
43%
31%
25%
25%
25%
25%
15%
16%
18%
16%
18%
10%
4%
6%
2%
7%
16%
8%
5%
1%
2%
1%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Column1
70%
60%
49%
43%
43%
56
Transparency
I do not feel the media in my country is free to report as it wishes.*% answering agree or agree a lot
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
UK
Germany
USA
France
Egypt
Spain
Brazil
South Africa
India
Russia
Mexico
25%
30%
38%
39%
41%
53%
58%
59%
60%
68%
74%
57
Transparency
I believe that national elections in my country are fair and not corrupt*% answering agree or agree a lot
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
Mexico
Russia
Brazil
USA
South Africa
India
Spain
France
Egypt
Germany
UK
15%
18%
23%
37%
39%
40%
45%
53%
56%
70%
70%
General
59
General
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
80%
66%
Base: All countries n=6269
I am worried that it will take years before I will be able to get the kind of job I want
Youth unemployment is a problem that is insufficiently addressed in my country
35%
44%
31%
36%
16%
12%
12%
6%
6%
1%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
60
General
Which is the best way to address youth unemployment?
State intervention41%
Entrepreneurialism33%
Private business21%
I do not think it needs addressing6%
Base: All countries n=6269
61
General
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
50%
Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China
The worst of the global economic crisis is over
The worst of the economic crisis is over in my country
Organised religion plays a strong role in bettering my community*
I feel positive about my country’s future
Religion has too much influence on society in my country*
I believe my life will be better than my parents'
I am concerned that by using websites such as Facebook I am losing my privacy*
7%
6%
10%
12%
19%
15%
19%
17%
21%
23%
34%
29%
34%
31%
33%
30%
29%
28%
26%
33%
27%
33%
31%
20%
19%
18%
13%
17%
10%
12%
18%
8%
8%
5%
5%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
49%
48%
46%
33%
27%
24%
62
General
I believe my life will be better than my parents' % answering agree or agree a lot
Base: All countries n=6269
France
Spain
Germany
UK
USA
Egypt
Mexico
Russia
India
South Africa
Brazil
China
23%
24%
29%
30%
43%
54%
58%
62%
65%
66%
69%
72%
63
General
Which will be the most influential country (or regional group) by 2030?
Base: All countries n=6269
Other
Russia
Brazil
India
European Union
USA
China
3%
4%
5%
7%
9%
21%
50%
64
General
Who will dominate the online landscape in the next 5 years?
Base: All countries n=6269
Other
2%
15%
33%
51%
65
General
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
73%
61%
33%
Base: All countries n=6269
I trust global corporations
Women’s rights need to be strengthened in my country
Ownership of the media is too concentrated into the hands of a small amount of companies
9%
26%
32%
24%
35%
41%
38%
25%
21%
19%
11%
5%
9%
3%
1%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
66
General
Do you know what the outcome was of the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development?
Base: All countries n=6269
Yes22%
No78%
Do you know what the outcome was of the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development?
For those answering yes (n=1393): How far do you agree or disagree with the following statement: "I am satisfied with the outcome of the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development"
15% 34% 23% 18% 10% Total agree 49%
67
General
Yes40%
No60%
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
In the recent (localised for each country) General Election were you satisfied with the choice of candidates?*
Do you consider political candidates to be role models?*
Yes28%
No72%
68
General
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
In the recent (localised for each country) General Election were you satisfied with the choice of candidates?* % answering ‘yes’
Mexico
Spain
Brazil
UK
India
South Africa
Germany
Russia
Egypt
France
USA
21%
29%
35%
37%
39%
40%
43%
45%
50%
51%
52%
69
General
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
Do you consider political candidates to be role models?*% answering ‘yes’
Brazil
France
Germany
Russia
Spain
UK
South Africa
USA
Mexico
India
Egypt
7%
11%
14%
15%
24%
25%
32%
37%
45%
45%
56%
70
General
What are the greatest motivators for you to vote? Please select the top 3 that apply.
Base: All countries n=5756*not asked in China
Other
Immigration
Foreign policy
Taxation
Environment
Corruption
Social issues
Education
Economy/ Jobs
4%
17%
18%
25%
26%
37%
46%
59%
66%
Europe Questions
72
Europe
How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Total agree:
64%
Base: European countries n=2169
Individual European leaders are able to work together for the good of the Eu-ropean economy as a whole
There will be fewer opportunities for me in Europe in the next five years than in countries outside Europe
Austerity measures are the right approach to address the financial crisis in Europe
Germany’s role in Europe is too dominant
The Euro currency has a future
I am concerned about the rise of nationalist extremism in my country
There is a lack of competent leadership in Europe
5%
10%
9%
15%
12%
16%
22%
24%
25%
27%
26%
32%
32%
42%
38%
40%
38%
34%
29%
29%
26%
24%
20%
16%
19%
19%
17%
8%
10%
5%
10%
5%
9%
6%
1%
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree
35%
44%
41%
36%
48%
29%
73
Europe
There is a lack of competent leadership in Europe % answering agree or agree a lot
Spain
UK
Germany
France
59%
59%
67%
71%
Germany’s role in Europe is too dominant% answering agree or agree a lot
Germany
UK
France
Spain
25%
29%
46%
70%
Base: European countries n=2169
One Young WorldCountries Research 2012