onshore oil and gas exploration in vn-onn- 2009/3...

SENES i ONGC

Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration in VN-ONN-2009/3 Block (1250sq km) in Damoh & Chhatarpur Districts of Madhya Pradesh

FINAL EIA Report

Prepared for:

Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Ltd.

Prepared by:

SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. Accreditation No. – NABET/EIA/1013/43

JULY, 2015

EIA for Exploratory Drilling in VN-ONN-2009/3 Block, Damoh, M.P.

SENES i ONGC.

FINAL REPORT

M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Ltd

Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration in

VN-ONN-2009/3 Block (1250sq. km) in

Damoh & Chhatarpur District of Madhya

Pradesh

The EIA report preparation have been undertaken in compliance with the approved ToR

issued by MoEF&CC vide letter no. F. No. J -11011/100/2014-IA II (I) dated 18th July,

2014.Information and content provided in the report is factually correct for the purpose and

objective for such study undertaken.

EIA- Coordinator


SENES i ONGC.

INFORMATION ABOUT EIA CONSULTANTS

Brief Company Profile

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared by SENES

Consultants India Pvt. Ltd.

SENES India, registered with the Companies Act of 1956 (Ranked No. 1 in 1956), has been

operating in the county for more than 11 years and holds expertise in conducting

Environmental Impact Assessments, Social Impact Assessments, Environment Health and

Safety Compliance Audits, Designing and Planning of Solid Waste Management Facilities

and Carbon Advisory Services.

Addresses of SENES offices across India are as below:

Noida (Head Office):

3rd Floor, Tower B, Logix Techno Park,

Plot No. 5, Sector – 127, Noida Uttar

Pradesh -201301

Tel: +91-020-4368400

Fax: +91-020-4368401

Mumbai:

711, Mayuresh Cosmos

Plot No. 37, Sector 11

CBD, Mumbai – 400614

Tel: +91-22-27576298

Fax: +91-22-27564781

Kolkata :

Stesalit Tower

6th Floor, E 2-3,

EP &GP, Block

Sector V, Salt Lake

Kolkata – 700091

Tel: +91-33-23578070/73

Hyderabad:

305, Third Floor,

12-13-97, Tata Tycoon Tarnaka

Hyderabad – 500017

Tel: +91-40-40180801

Fax: +91-40-40180802

QCI/NABET Accreditation Status

As on date, SENES has been granted accreditation by the Quality Council of India / National

Accreditation Board for Education & Training (QCI / NABET) in 12 sectors vide Certificate

No. NABET/EIA/RA016/040 valid up to March 5, 2017. The certificate of accreditation is

enclosed in the following page.


SENES ii ONGC.


SENES iii ONGC.


SENES iv ONGC.

Declaration by Experts contributing to EIA study for Exploratory Drilling in VN-ONN-

2009/3, Damoh & Chhatarpur District, Madhya Pradesh

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in following capacity that developed this

EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: MANGESH DAKHORE

Signature:

Period of involvement: January’15 - till date

Contact information:

SENES CONSULTANTS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

3rd FLOOR, TOWER B, LOGIX TECHNO PARK

PLOT NO. 5 SECTOR 127, NOIDA, UP

Functional Area Experts: Functional Area Experts (FAEs) involved in carrying out EIA

study are enlisted below.

S. N Functional Areas Name of Expert/s

Involvement

(Period &

Task**) Signature& Date

1 AQ & LU

Debanjan

Bandyopadhyay Jan-Feb 2015

25.02.2015

2 AQ & LU Girish Shukla Full Time

29.06.2015

3 SE Dr. Rajani Iyer Full Time

29.06.2015

SE

Dhirendra Pratap

Singh Full Time


SENES v ONGC.

20.06.2015

4

RH, SHW, APand

WP Mangesh Dakhore Full Time

29.06.2015

5 Geo Ashish Tadas Full Time

29.06.2015

6 EB

Abhishek Roy

Goswami February 2015

25.02.2015

7 EB Prakash Dash Full Time

29.06.2015


SENES vi ONGC.

Declaration by the Head of Accredited Consultant Organization

I, MAINAK HAZRA, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA

study for Exploratory Drilling in VN-ONN-2009/3, Damoh & Chhatarpur District,

Madhya Pradesh. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading

information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name: MAINAK HAZRA

Designation: Director

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: SENES CONSULTANTS INDIA PRIVATE

LIMITED

NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/RA016/040 & 11th August 2014

S. N Functional Area

Code Complete name of the Functional Areas

1 AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control

2 WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts

3 SHW Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management

4 SE Socio-Economics

5 EB Ecology and Biodiversity

6 AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction

7 LU Land Use

8 RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management


SENES vii ONGC.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................1

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................12

1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 12

1.2 Project Justification ...................................................................................................... 13

1.3 Objective of the study .................................................................................................. 13

1.4 Scope of the study ........................................................................................................ 13

1.5 Structure of the EIA report .......................................................................................... 14

2 Description of the Project ............................................................................................20

2.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................... 20

2.2 Objectives and Benefits of Proposed Drilling Activities ............................................. 20

2.3 Block Location & Description ..................................................................................... 21

2.3.1 Location ............................................................................................................... 21

2.3.2 Accessibility ......................................................................................................... 21

2.3.3 Environmental Settings of the Block ................................................................... 26

2.4 Well Locations and Environmental Settings ............................................................... 29

2.4.1 Location of Wells ................................................................................................. 29

2.4.2 Environmental Settings ........................................................................................ 32

2.5 Project Activities And Schedule .................................................................................. 34

2.5.1 Pre-drilling Activity ............................................................................................. 35

2.5.2 Drilling Activity ................................................................................................... 37

2.5.3 Well Decommissioning ........................................................................................ 41

2.6 Utilities & Resource Requirements ............................................................................. 42

2.6.1 Power Supply ....................................................................................................... 42

2.6.2 Water Consumption and Supply .......................................................................... 42

2.6.3 Fuel Consumption ................................................................................................ 44

2.6.4 Accommodation and Campsites .......................................................................... 44

2.6.5 Manpower / Employment .................................................................................... 44

2.7 Pollution Sources and Characterization ....................................................................... 44

2.7.1 Noise and Vibrations............................................................................................ 44

2.7.2 Air Emissions ....................................................................................................... 45

2.7.3 Liquid wastes ....................................................................................................... 46


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2.7.4 Solid and Hazardous Waste Streams ................................................................... 46

2.8 Drilling Hazards ........................................................................................................... 47

2.9 Project Cost .................................................................................................................. 47

2.10 HSE Policy ............................................................................................................... 47

3 Description of the Environment ...................................................................................50

3.1 Study area .................................................................................................................... 50

3.2 Physical Environment .................................................................................................. 51

3.2.1 Climate & Meteorology ....................................................................................... 51

3.2.2 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................ 53

3.2.3 Ambient Noise Quality ........................................................................................ 59

3.2.4 Topography &Geology ........................................................................................ 62

3.2.5 Hydrogeology ...................................................................................................... 64

3.2.6 Drainage ............................................................................................................... 64

3.2.7 Ground Water Quality.......................................................................................... 68

3.2.8 Surface water quality ........................................................................................... 75

3.2.9 Land-Use and Land Cover ................................................................................... 78

3.2.10 Soil Quality ...................................................................................................... 81

3.2.11 Transport and Traffic ....................................................................................... 83

3.2.12 Natural Hazards ............................................................................................... 84

3.3 Biological Environment ............................................................................................... 85

3.3.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 85

3.3.2 Habitat assessment ............................................................................................... 86

3.3.3 Terrestrial Ecosystem........................................................................................... 87

3.3.4 Regional ecological resources utilization analysis .............................................. 89

3.3.5 Aquatic Ecosystem............................................................................................... 92

3.4 Socioeconomic Environment ....................................................................................... 95

3.4.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 95

3.4.2 General Socioeconomic Profile – based on Secondary data ................................ 95

Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern ....................................................................... 103

Socioeconomic Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 106

Community Consultation ............................................................................................... 112

4 Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................................................123

4.1 Impact Assessment Methodology .............................................................................. 123


SENES ix ONGC.

4.1.1 Impact Criteria and Ranking .............................................................................. 123

4.1.2 Impact Significance ........................................................................................... 125

4.2 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................... 127

4.2.1 Visual Impacts & Aesthetics .............................................................................. 127

4.2.2 Impacts on Air Quality....................................................................................... 128

4.2.3 Impact on Noise Quality .................................................................................... 134

4.2.4 Potential Impact on Land Use ............................................................................ 137

4.2.5 Impact on Soil Quality ....................................................................................... 137

4.2.6 Impact on Hydrogeology & Ground Water Quality .......................................... 140

4.2.7 Impact on Surface Water Quality ...................................................................... 141

4.2.8 Impact on Biological Environment .................................................................... 143

4.2.9 Impact on Socioeconomic Environment ............................................................ 143

4.2.10 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety ................................................... 147

4.2.11 Community Health & Safety: ........................................................................ 147

5 Quantitative Risk Assessment....................................................................................152

5.1 Objective of the QRA Study ...................................................................................... 153

5.2 Risk Assessment Methodology .................................................................................. 153

5.2.1 Hazard Identification ......................................................................................... 154

5.2.2 Frequency Analysis ............................................................................................ 155

5.2.3 Consequence Analysis ....................................................................................... 156

5.2.4 Risk Evaluation .................................................................................................. 157

5.3 Risk Assessment of Identified Project Hazards ......................................................... 159

5.3.1 Blow Outs/Loss of Well Control ....................................................................... 159

5.3.2 Process Leaks/Fires ............................................................................................ 169

5.3.3 Non-process fires/explosions ............................................................................. 172

5.4 Disaster Management Plan ........................................................................................ 173

5.4.1 Objective ............................................................................................................ 173

5.4.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................... 173

5.4.3 Emergency Classification .................................................................................. 173

5.4.4 Level 1 - Emergency .......................................................................................... 174

5.4.5 Level 2 - Emergency .......................................................................................... 174

5.4.6 Level 3 - Emergency .......................................................................................... 175

5.4.7 ONGC Emergency Response/Crisis Management Team .................................. 175


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5.4.8 Action Plan for Fire Fighting ............................................................................. 176

6 Environmental Management Plan & Monitoring Framework ...................................178

6.1 Environment Management Plans ............................................................................... 178

6.1.1 Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan (PPAP) ............................................ 179

6.1.2 Waste Management Plan.................................................................................... 184

6.1.3 Flare & Illumination Management Plan ............................................................ 189

6.1.4 Storm Water Management Plan ......................................................................... 189

6.1.5 Spill Management .............................................................................................. 190

6.1.6 Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan .......................................................... 191

6.1.7 Occupational Health & Safety Management Plan ............................................. 192

6.1.8 Management of Social Issues and Concerns ...................................................... 193

6.1.9 Site Closure Plan ................................................................................................ 195

6.1.10 Training of ONGC Professional .................................................................... 196

6.2 Estimated Expenditure for Environment Protection for the Project .......................... 196

6.3 Environmental Monitoring Program .......................................................................... 200

7 Public Consultation ....................................................................................................206

8 Summary & Conclusion .............................................................................................209


SENES xi ONGC.

List of Tables

Table 1-1: Compliance to MoEF ToR .....................................................................................14

Table 2-1: Coordinates of the VN-ONN-2009/3 Block ...........................................................21

Table 2-2: Coordinates of Tentative Well Locations ...............................................................29

Table 2-3: Water Requirement Per Well .................................................................................42

Table 2-4: Typical Noise Emissions from Construction Machinery .......................................45

Table 2-5: Drilling rig and equipment noise level ...................................................................45

Table 2-6: Liquid Wastes Generated during Drilling and their Disposal ................................46

Table 2-7: Waste Streams Generated during Drilling and Their Disposal ..............................46

Table 3-1: Ambient Air Quality Results ..................................................................................58

Table 3-2: Stratigraphy of Vindhyan supergroup ....................................................................62

Table 3-3: Ground Water Monitoring Results .........................................................................72

Table 3-4: Surface Water Quality Results ...............................................................................76

Table 3-6: soil Analysis Results ..............................................................................................82

Table 3-7 Details of Traffic Survey Location ..........................................................................83

Table 3-8 Traffic Monitoring Results ......................................................................................83

Table 3-9 List of Common Avifauna Recorded from the study area ......................................91

Table 3-10: List of Reptilian Species Sighted Along Proposed Project ..................................92

Table -3-12 : List of Villages Selected for Socio-economic Profiling ....................................96

Table 3-13 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Villages ..................................................99

Table 3-14 WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION FOR STUDY AREA VILLAGES .............103

Table 4-1: Impact Prediction Criteria ....................................................................................124

Table 4-2: Criteria based Significance of Impacts .................................................................125

Table 4-3: Impact Identification Matrix ................................................................................126

Table 4-4: Input Parameters Considered for DG set Modeling .............................................130

Table 4-5: Input Parameters Considered for Flare Modeling ................................................130

Table 4-6: Predicted GLCs for Air Pollutants .......................................................................131

Table 4-7: Impact Significance Matrix (without mitigation) .................................................149

Table 4-8: Impact Significance Matrix (with mitigation) ......................................................150

Table 5-1: Frequency Categories and Criteria .......................................................................156

Table 5-2: Severity Categories and Criteria ...........................................................................156

Table 5-3: Risk Matrix ...........................................................................................................158

Table 5-4: Risk Criteria and Action Requirements................................................................158

Table 5-5: Blow Out Cause Distribution for Failures during Drilling Operations ................161

Table 5-6: Pool Fire Modeling Scenarios ..............................................................................163


SENES xii ONGC.

Table 5-7: Pool Fire Diameter & Steady State Burning Area ...............................................163

Table 5-8: Thermal Radiation Intensity Threshold Values Impact Criterion ........................164

Table 5-9: Distance to Thermal Radiation Threshold Levels ................................................164

Table 5-10: Jet Fire Modeling Scenarios ...............................................................................165

Table 5-11: Jet Fire Flame Length For Risk Scenarios Considered ......................................166

Table 5-12: Jet Fire Hazard Ranges .......................................................................................166

Table 5-13: Pool Diameter for oil Spill Risk Scenarios ........................................................167

Table 5-14: Leak Frequencies for Process Equipment ..........................................................169

Table 5-15: Project Process Equipment’s Leak Frequencies .................................................169

Table 5-16: Generic Ignition Probabilities ............................................................................171

Table 5-17: Frequency of Occurrence - Non-Process Fires ...................................................172

Table 6-1: Tentative Budget for EMP Implementation .........................................................196

Table 6-2: Environmental Management Matrix ....................................................................198

Table 6-3: Proposed Monitoring Requirements of the Project ..............................................201

Table 7-1 Key commitments made during Public Hearing ...................................................208

List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Regional Setting Map of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block ...............................................23

Figure 2-2: VN-ONN-2009/3Block Location Map on Toposheet ...........................................24

Figure 2-3: VN-ONN-2009/3BlockAccessibility Map ............................................................25

Figure 2-4: Environmental Settings of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block ............................................28

Figure 2-5: Location of Proposed Wells on Imagery...............................................................30

Figure 2-7: Environmental Settings of R-HAT-A Well ..........................................................32

Figure 2-8: Environmental Settings of R-HAT-B Well ...........................................................33

Figure 2-9: Environmental Settings of R-HAT-C Well ...........................................................33

Figure 2-10: Environmental Settings of R-HAT-D Well ........................................................34

Figure 2-11: Drilling Waste Management ...............................................................................39

Figure 2-12: Typical Drilling Fluid Circulation System..........................................................40

Figure 2-13: Water Balance Diagram ......................................................................................43

Figure 3-1: Wind Rose Diagram – Winter Season ..................................................................53

Figure 3-2: Average PM 10 Values at the Monitoring Locations .............................................54

Figure 3-3: Average PM 2.5 Values at the Monitoring Locations ..........................................55

Figure 3-4: Average NO2 Values at the Monitoring Locations ..............................................56

Figure 3-5: Day and Night Time ( Leq) Noise Levels .............................................................60


SENES xiii ONGC.

Figure 3-6:Location of Air, Noise, water, Meteorology and Traffic Monitoring Locations

within the Block ...........................................................................................................61

Figure 3-7: Geological map of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block .........................................................63

Figure 3-11: Location of Groundwater, Surface Water and SOIL Monitoring Locations

within the Block ...........................................................................................................74

Figure 3-12: Percentage Land Use-Land Cover Distribution of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block .....79

Figure 3-13: Land Use Land Cover Map of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block .....................................80

Figure 3-14: Seismic Zone Map of India .................................................................................84

Figure 3-20 Percent Population of SC and ST in the study area villages ..............................102

Figure 3-21 Percentage of male and female literates in the study area ................................103

Figure 4-4: Noise Attenuation Plot for Drilling Phase ..........................................................136

Figure 5-1: Risk Assessment Methodology ...........................................................................154

Figure 5-3: Emergency Classification “Decision Tree” ........................................................174

Figure 5-4: Emergency Response Levels .............................................................................175

Figure 6-1: Environment Management Measures at Drill Site ..............................................188

List of Photos

Photo 2.1: Agricultural field ....................................................................................................26

Photo 2.2: SH-49 ......................................................................................................................26

Photo 2.3: Well location – R-HAT-A in Luhari Village .........................................................27

Photo 2.4: Well location (Tentative) – R-HAT-B near Hatta Town........................................27

Photo 2.5: Well location(Tentative) – R-HAT-C in Mankora Village ....................................27

Photo 2.6: Well location (Tentative) – R-HAT-D in Manjhguan Patol Village ......................27

Photo 2.7: Type of Settlement in the Block .............................................................................27

Photo 3.2: Air Monitoring at Luhari Village ...........................................................................57

Photo 3.3: Air Monitoring at Hatta Town ................................................................................57

Photo 3.4: Air Monitoring at Mankora Village .......................................................................57

Photo 3.5: Air Monitoring at Majhguwan Patol ......................................................................57

Photo 3.6: Potable water sampling at Majhguwan Patol .........................................................70

Photo 3.7: Potable water sampling at Hatta town ....................................................................70

Photo3.8: Potable water sampling at Luhari village ................................................................71

Photo 3.9: Potable water sampling at Ghurata village .............................................................71

Photo 3.10: Water sampling at Haruda Jamsa .........................................................................71

Photo 3.10: Surface water sampling from Kopra River ...........................................................77

Photo 3.11: Surface water sampling from Sonar River at Sitanagar ......................................77


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Photo 3.12: Surface water sampling from Sonar River Downstream near Hatta ...................78


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Abbreviation

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

BOP Blow out Preventor

Cd Cadmium

CGWB Central Ground Water Board

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

Cr Chromium

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

Cu Copper

DG Diesel Generator

DGH Directorate General of Hydrocarbons

DMP Disaster Management Plan

DO Dissolved Oxygen

EC Environmental Clearance

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environment Management Plan

ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

FC Forest Clearance

GoI Government of India

HC Hydrocarbon

HDPE High Density Polyethylene

HSD High Speed Diesel

HSE Health, Safety and Environmental

IMD Indian Meteorological Department

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources

KCl Potassium Chloride

KLD Kilo Liter per Day

KW Kilo Watt

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards


SENES ii ONGC.

NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training

NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

NEF North East Frontier

NELP New Exploration Licensing Policy

NH National Highway

NOx Oxides of Nitrogen

OCS Oil Collection Station

O&G Oil & Gas

ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Pb Lead

PEL Petroleum Exploration License

PM Particulate Matter

PPE Personnel Protective Equipments

PSC Production Sharing Contract

PUCC Pollution Under Control Certificate

QCI Quality Council of India

QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment

RF Reserved Forest

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

SPCB State Pollution Control Board

SPL Sound Pressure Level

TDS Total Dissolved Solid

TG Tea Garden

TSS Total Suspended Solids

VOC Volatile Organic Compound

WBM Water Based Mud

WLS Wild Life Sanctuary

SENES 1 ONGC

Executive Summary

Introduction

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Ltd., a Government of India Navaratna

Enterprise, is awarded by Government of India an exploration block VN-ONN-2009/3 Son

Valley, Vindhyan Basin in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh. This block was awarded to

ONGC in the NELP – VIII with 100% equity participation of ONGC. ONGC has signed

production sharing contraction with Govt. of India on 30th June 2010. For the proposed

block, Petroleum Exploration License (PEL) was granted on 12th October 2011for a total

period of 7 years distributed in two phases, phase –I of 4 years and phase –II of 3 years

durations respectively. The committed minimum work program (MWP) for the Phase-I was

280 GLK 2D seismic API which has been overachieved (API 288.81 LKM of 2D seismic

data) as on date. Based on the interpretation of new seismic data and integration with

available G&G data of the block and the contiguous area, a number of prospective locale

were identified in the block. One exploratory location, R-HAT-A, has been released by the

competent authority while 3 other prospective locale are identified in the block which can be

firmed up for release based on the drilling result of R-HAT-A. The entire block falls in

Damoh and Chhatarpur District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. However, lead area as

identified by ONGC team for exploration activities is in Damoh district only.

The exploratory well drilling of hydrocarbons in VN-ONN-2009/3block is included under

activities specified in Schedule (Activity 1b) of the new EIA Notification dated 14th September

2006.It requires Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment and

Forests (MoEF&CC). The proposed project is new project and there are no ongoing and

previous operations of the proposed project, requiring environmental clearance exist in the

awarded block.

ONGC had submitted Form-1 of the EIA Notification, along with a Draft Terms of Reference

(ToR) for EIA study to MoEF&CC. MoEF&CC has issued approved ToR vide letter No. J-

11011/100/2014-IA II (I) dated 18th July, 2014. SENES India, a NABET accredited EIA

Consultant, has been entrusted by ONGC to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) study for VN-ONN-2009/3 block.


SENES 2 ONGC

Project Location

The VN-0NN-2009/3 Block is about 1250 sq. km. it is located in the in two districts of

Madhya Pradesh, namely Damoh and Chhatarpur. The block area is mainly covered with

agricultural land and forest land. Northern part of the block, outside of lead area is

dominated by forest land. However, there is no forest land in lead area identified by ONGC

for exploratory well drilling and other project activities. Major Town of Damoh district is

Hatta town (Tehsil Headquarter) comes in central part of the proposed block. The

geographic location of the VN-ONN-2009/3 Block is included within the Survey of India’s

Topo- Sheet No. 54P/07, 54P/08, 54P/11 and 54P/12.

Well Location

The proposed well sites have been selected in agricultural field. Environmental

considerations viz. location of sensitive ecological habitats, settlements, schools/ hospitals,

water bodies etc. has also taken into account while selecting the locations of wells. Proper

environmental and safety measures will be adopted to minimize footprints on these receptors.

Total 4wells are proposed within the lead area of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block during the plan

period. Out of 4 wells, location of one well “R-HAT-A” has been finalized based on seismic

data while three other locations are tentative.

Project Description and Activities

The objective of the exploratory drilling program is to determine the potential of commercial

hydrocarbon reserves within the block. This activity would involve

Well site preparation, strengthening of access roads,

Well drilling and testing.

Site closure and decommissioning for wells not indicative of potential hydrocarbon

reserves.

The estimated land required per drill site is approximately 3 ha including site required for

construction of approach road, which will be taken on temporary lease, after making

necessary payments against lease and crop compensation. All proposed drill sites are located

away from human habitation. Therefore, displacement will not be required for the project. As

displacement is not required, resettlement and rehabilitation is not hold pertinent for this

project. Additionally, it is to be mentioned that, no rehabilitation and resettlement is required

during construction or strengthening or widening of approach road to reach to drill

site.Drilling waste management for the proposed exploratory drilling will be in accordance

with CPCB and M.P Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) norms.

Project Utilities and Resource Requirements

The power requirements at the site preparation and construction phase for the drill site will

be met by 2 nos of 1215 KVADG Sets. Out of 2 sets of DG one will be kept as standby all the

time for emergency. During the drilling phase, about 8 KLD of High Speed Diesel (HSD) will


SENES 3 ONGC

be required. Fuel will be supplied onsite by local supplier through mobile tankers. Out of

this, a major part comprising about 85% will be consumed by the rig (also include the DG

sets) and about 15% will be required for the campsite. Fuel in excess approximately 56 KL (7

day’s reserve) will be stored at onsite storage facility as per Petroleum Rules, 2002 in a

paved and bunded area.

Total water requirement/day for the drilling operation including domestic usage is estimated

to be about 25KLD. Out of 25 KLD, 8 KLD is estimated for rig operations 15 KLD in mud

operations, while 2 KLD will be required for domestic usage. The total projected average

consumption of water during the drilling phase of 120 days will be about 3000 KL per well

including domestic purposes. Water will be sourced through the local available sources.

ONGC will take permission from Ground Water Authority regarding abstraction of ground

water for industrial purposes if required.

Waste generation

Drilling mud and cuttings, domestic wastewater, waste oil and kitchen waste will be

generated during drilling activities. Approximately, 200m3/d of drill cutting per well,

approximately 6.4m3/d of drilling wastewater and around 5m3/d of waste drilling mud is

anticipated to be generated during drilling activities. Approximately, 12kg per day of solid

kitchen waste will also be generated from onsite camp facility. Minor quantities of oily rags

and waste oil generation are also anticipated from proposed project activities.

Baseline Environmental Status

To understand the existing physical, biological and socioeconomic environmental situation,

both primary and secondary data was collected. Stakeholder consultations during primary

survey with relevant State Government officials and heads of Gram Panchayats and local

villagers were carried out to obtain secondary information regarding the block. The villagers

of the block were informed of the upcoming project and their opinion on the same was

recorded during the consultation.

Climate and Meteorology

Meteorological data for the study area is collected obtained from the primary monitoring

conducted at Hatta town during Jan-Feb 2015. During the study period the maximum

temperature ranged between 26.2˚C to 37.5˚C and the minimum temperature ranged from

21.2˚C to 28.7˚C.The mean of daily maximum and minimum Relative Humidity (RH) was

recorded as 97% and 19% respectively during the primary monitoring study. The

predominant wind direction was observed to be from South for the study period. The average

wind speed for the study period was 1.3 m/s. The wind in the study period blew at a speed of

0.03m/s to 7.47 m/s

Ambient Air Quality


SENES 4 ONGC

The ambient air quality is monitored at 8 representative locations of the block. The average

of 24 hourly PM10 at the monitoring locations ranged between 70-107.7μg/m3.At two

locations the PM10 concentrations were observed not to be in compliance to the NAAQS (100

μg/m3). The reason for a slight exceed of PM10 at these places might be the farming activities,

harvesting, movement of cattle’s, vehicles and tractors etc. Average concentrations for PM2.5,

NOx and SO2 concentration in all monitoring stations is found well within NAAQS standards.

Average values for methane hydrocarbons at the sampling stations varied between Below

Detectable Limit (BDL) and 1.1 ppm whereas the concentration of non-methane hydrocarbon

at all sampling location found to be between BDL and 0.4 ppm. Average TVOC concentration

of all the sampling location was found to be Below Detectable Limit.

Ambient Noise Quality

The day time and nighttime equivalent noise levels varied between 50.5 -58.6 dBA and 42.4-

45.3 dBA respectively. The day time equivalent noise levels at Hatta town had the highest

values whereas Motha village had the lowest amongst all stations. The national standard for

noise level in the residential areas during day time is 55 dBA. The night time equivalent noise

levels for all the monitoring stations were found to be in compliance to the night time noise

standards (45 dBA) except at Hatta Town where night time noise level was marginally high

(45.3 dBA) as compared to NAAQS for residential area.

Groundwater Quality

Turbidity values in all sampled water found <1.0 NTU which shows that all the drinking

water sources (mostly tube wells) meet the acceptable limits as per IS 10500:2012. The Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS) values for the potable water samples analyzed varies in the range of

594 mg/l (at Ghurata) 1346 mg/l (at Majhguwan Patol). TDS values at 500 mg/l or below is

considered to be acceptable for drinking being specified under IS 10500:2012 drinking water

standard. Only one sample meets the acceptable limits whereas rest of the samples although

exceeds the acceptable limits but well within the permissible limits.

Iron concentration of potable water samples collected from Ghurata village (0.42 mg/l)

exceeded the acceptable limit i.e. 0.3 mg/l as per drinking water standard. Rests of the

samples were found to be well within the acceptable limits. High iron content recorded in

groundwater from Ghurata village may be probably due to local geological features.

Fluoride contents in the potable water samples were found to be within the permissible limits,

although the sample collected from Hatta town exceeds the acceptable limits.

The monitoring results showed that the concentration of heavy metals (chromium, copper,

zinc, mercury, cadmium. lead, nickel, arsenic etc.) is within acceptable limit as per IS

10500:2012 standards.

Surface Water Quality


SENES 5 ONGC

The pH of the all analyzed surface water samples found to be slightly alkaline in nature and

varied from 7.24 to 7.42. The dissolved solids content varied between 274 to 344 mg/l while

the electrical conductivity varied from 411µS/cm to 500µS S/cm. The Dissolved oxygen (DO)

values ranging from 3 to 6.1 mg/l indicating moderate to favorable conditions for the growth

and reproduction of normal population of fish and other aquatic organisms in the these water

bodies. As the surface water sources are not used by the locals for drinking purposes and

mostly the river/stream water exclusively is being used for irrigation purposes, the water

quality is compared with the CPCB prescribed water quality criteria- Class- E (Irrigation,

Industrial Cooling and Controlled waste disposal). Class- E does not have any criteria for

DO or BOD. The DO level from all the stations even meets the standard of Class-C

(Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection).

BOD values in all the surface water samples were ranged between 2.8mg/l and 12 mg/l. The

maximum value (12 mg/l) recorded from downstream of Sonar River at Hatta Town. Low

BOD values confirmed the presence of low concentrations of biologically oxidizable organic

matter in the receiving water bodies. However, where the BOD level recorded as 8, 9 and 12

mg/l respectively, could be due to the discharge of domestic wastewater from the nearby

settlements/town and runoff from agricultural fields. The presence of oil and grease content

in all surface water sources was found to be negligible (between <0.5 and 0.62 mg/l). Heavy

metal concentrations such as Mercury (<0.001mg/l in all samples), Lead (<0.005 mg/l in all

samples), Hexavalent Chromium (<0.03 mg/l in all samples), Copper (<0.05 mg/l in all

samples) and Nickel (<0.005 mg/l in all samples) found to be negligible and well below the

WHO guideline values.

Land use

The land-use and land-cover of the Block has been interpreted from the, toposheet of the

area, and subsequently by ground truthing during field surveys. The study area land use

shows that majority of the land within the Block (62.72%) is agricultural land. Rivers and

drains comprise of 2.28 % of the total Block area. Forest areas are near 31.8 % of the total

Block area. However, all the forest area is outside of lead area. Settlements comprise of 1.82

% of the total Block area. Road network including State Highway and other small roads

comprise of 0.05 % of the total Block.

Soil Quality

From the texture point of view, the soil from 4 locations out of 5 sampling locations, are

found to be clayey in nature, having good capacity for adsorption and retention of water and

plant nutrients. Therefore, it is suitable for agriculture and plantation. The soil sampled from

Ghurata village shows that the soil has more silt than clay and the texture of the soil is silty

clayey in nature.

Traffic Survey


SENES 6 ONGC

Movement of Two & Three wheelers (a total of 453, comprising 42 %) was recorded high in

comparison to other category of vehicles on SH-51.The maximum movement of vehicles was

recorded during 12 p.m. till 6 p.m. Movements of four wheelers (light vehicles) were

recorded higher in numbers (509) with 37% of total vehicular movement on Damoh-Hatta

State Highway (SH-49). The highest number of vehicles was recorded from Light Motor

Vehicles/four wheeler on SH-37 (Hatta Town to Patera Road). The contribution of these

vehicles was 38% with a total number of 405 out of 1076.

Natural hazards

The study area is located in Zone III as shown in the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2000

seismic zone map for India. Zone III is defined as region which might encounter earthquakes

of intensity VII (MSK).

Floods are common in Damoh and Chhatarpur district because of basin of major rivers such

as Ken and Sonar River. On 5th July 2005, Damoh, Chhatarpur and other districts of north

eastern part of Madhya Pradesh were badly affected by flash floods triggered by heavy rains.

Due to heavy rain, all the major rivers including Ken and Sonar were overflowing. As

reported by the villagers residing near the Kopra River, settlements near the river and

various seasonal drains got affected by water logging. The main causes of flash floods in the

area are:

Obstruction in drainage system due to heavy rainfall

Increase in siltation in riverbeds due to erosion in the catchment areas.

Change of river course because of poor natural drainage system.

Biological Environment

The proposed project site in M.P state lies within the bio-geographic province-6A, Deccan

Peninsula- Central Highlands. The Panna National Park is located 17 km from the proposed

drilling site and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary is located at 42 km from the proposed drilling

site. The other protected areas namely Ken Gharial WLS, Panna (Gangau) WLS and

Veerangna WLS are located at distances of 58 km, 43 km and 54 km respectively.

The forest type of this region is mainly 5A/C3- Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest and

mostly dominated by teak. During the primary survey and as per the working plan of Damoh

Forest Division, the most of the vegetation of these forests are found to be mixed type.

The tree species which were identified from the forest areas such as Sagwan, Saj, Salai,

Seja/Lendia/Senha, Haldu, Shisham, Reunjha, Mahwa, Safed shirish, Babool, Bija sal,

Behera, Palash, Neem, Tendu, Dhaman, Dhawra, Dhobin, Jamun, Arjun, Aam, Imli,

Harshingar, Amaltash, Doodhi, Ber, Kachnar, Kewlar. The shrubs were mostly Adusa, Aak,

Kalabasa, Karounda, Errand, Jhadneri, Van tulsi, Nirgudi, Woodfordia fruticosa Dhabai,

Pawar/chakauda, Besharam, and Lantana etc. The herbs and climbers were recorded from


SENES 7 ONGC

the reserved forest and private forest areas were apamarg, Gokhru, Xanthium Godhru,

Chireta, Bhatkatiya, Gunja, Kiwanch, Bechandi, and Mahul etc. Grass/sedges species such

as Kaans, Kush, Kusul, Khas, Gunher, Jhani, Doob, Phool bahari.

During the primary survey, species such as Common Langur, Rhesus macaque, Jackal,

Common Mongoose were sighted around the forested areas. The herbivores such as Nilgai

were also recorded during this survey. Dialogue with the local villagers and forest officials

had confirmed the presence of striped hyeana, Common India Porcupine, Common Indian

hare, wild boar in these forested areas. Dialogue with the local villagers does confirm the

presence of poisonous, non-poisonous snakes and other reptilian species in this region. These

include the cobra, common Krait, Russell’s viper, monitor lizard.

Socio economic

The proposed project falls under following tehsil- Hatta, Batiyagargh, Patera and Patharia

district- Damoh.Hatta is the biggest Tahsil in Damoh district in the state of Madhya

Pradesh, India. The sex ratio of the district is 910 females per thousand males. With respect

to the study area, the total population of the study area is about 98, 097 out of which 51,568

are males and 46,529 females. Of the study area villages, Batiyagargh has the highest

population (8951) and Manpurahas the lowest (299).

Other than Hatta Town, Batiyagarh is the only village, which has Primary Health Centre

available. Other facilities like maternity and child welfare centers, Nursing home’s and

private medical practitioners are majorly located between 5 kms and 10 kms or more than

10km of a distance from the villages. The drinking water facilities are satisfactory. It has

been found that there are rivers, ponds in the vicinity of the project site and the study area

villages. The villagers avail the well/tank/tube and hand pump water to satisfy their daily

drinking water needs.

Environmental Impact Assessment

The potential impacts of the project on different components of the environment is

systematically identified and evaluated for significance. The main concerns that emerged are:

Impact on air Quality

The operation of DG sets during drilling on site will result in the generation of air pollutants

viz. PM and NOx, which may affect the ambient air quality temporarily. In order to predict

the incremental values of air pollutants and resultant Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs)

at various distances intervals from the source of the above mentioned pollutants, an air

modeling is carried out by using ISC3ST model.

The maximum ground level concentration (GLC) for PM and NOx, due to DG set operations

are 0.15 and 0.03 µg/m3respectively at a distance of 1km in the SE from the centre of the

project site. The maximum GLC of NOx due to flaring operation is 2.62 µg/m3at a distance of

1.5 km SE.

Impact on Noise Quality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahsil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damoh_district

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


SENES 8 ONGC

The noise generated from drilling rig is considered to be about 95.0 dB (A) at a distance of

10m from the rig location. Noise attenuation equations (without any noise barrier) show that

the normal attenuated noise at any receptor points located at a distance of about 100 m and

200 m from the fence-line of the rig, will be in the range of about 75.0 dB(A) and 68.9 dB(A)

respectively. In the absence of an acoustic barrier, the predicted noise levels were found to

exceed the day time noise standard (55 dB (A)). However, with the introduction of a noise

barrier (5 m in height) at the fence-line will be enough to decrease noise levels near sensitive

receptors at 200m to about 56.9 dB (A). However a detailed noise modelling exercise to look

at option of noise reductions will be conducted at the design stage to determine the barrier

specifications.

Impact on Soil Quality

Stripping of top soil will be affecting the soil fertility of the well sites. Further, sourcing of

borrow material from agricultural fields, improper storage and handling of drill cuttings,

waste, fuel and chemicals may contaminate the soil. Site preparation activities may also

result in increased soil erosion and degrade soil properties. Specific mitigation measures will

be implemented by the proponent to stabilize the top soil, to preserve their fertility

characteristics during site restoration. Further, adequate measures will be taken for storage

and handling of waste, fuel and chemicals to avoid any soil contamination. The impact is,

therefore, considered to be of low significance.

Impact on Surface Water Quality and Hydrology

The surface run off from drilling waste (cuttings and drilling mud) is likely to be polluting

source leading to the pollution of receiving water bodies viz. natural drainage channels,

ponds etc. However, taking into account the provision of onsite drainage system and

sediment control measures to be implemented by the proponent and discharge in compliance

with the CPCB Inland Water Discharge Standards, the impact is considered to be of medium

significance.

Impact on Ground Water Quality

Sourcing of water for proposed project from local ground water resources may have adverse

impact on ground water availability in the area. However, considering the limited water

requirement (25m3/d) for a small duration of drilling period (say 120 days), the impact in

terms of ground water availability will be of low significance. Poor casing and cementing of

wells and improper storage of drill cuttings and mud may contaminate ground water.

Impact on Biological Environment

Impact on local ecology due to proposed exploratory drilling activities is assessed in terms of

loss of flora and fauna, impacts on avifauna, impact on aquatic habitats and loss of

ecological productivity in agricultural fields. The impacts on local ecology will be like

clearing of ground vegetation, disturbance due to noise and light, wastewater discharge, loss

of fertility due to top soil stripping etc. However, the proposed drilling is a temporary activity


SENES 9 ONGC

and ONGC will adopt necessary mitigation measures to address adverse impacts on

biological environment.

Impact on Socio economic Environment

Proposed project will have positive as well as negative impacts on the local people. The

adverse impact includes temporary loss of land and related livelihood, safety risk due to

project transportation, influx of population. However, ONGC will ensure proper restoration

of temporarily acquired drill sites to avoid any impact on crop productivity.

The project will benefit the people living in neighboring villages by giving preference to them

in relation to direct and indirect employment associated with various project activities and

boosts the local economy.

Risk Assessment

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) considered the systematic analysis and evaluation of

risks related to the exploratory drilling in the acquired block VN-ONN-2009/3. The QRA

involves the identification and evaluation of major risks, prioritizing risks identified based on

their hazard consequences and formulating suitable risk reduction measures in line with As

Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) principle.

Major risks viz. blow out/loss of well control, process leaks/fire, non-process fire and

explosion and their resultant consequences viz. jet fire, pool fire, oil spill have been assessed

and evaluated through a risk matrix generated to combine the risk severity and likelihood

factor. Risk associate with exploratory drilling have been determined semi-quantitatively as

the product of likelihood/probability and severity/consequence by using order of magnitude

data (risk ranking = severity/consequence factor X likelihood/probability factor).

Significance of project related risks are then established through their classification heads

like high, medium, low, very low depending upon risk ranking.

Environmental Management Plan

Site-specific Environment Management Plans (EMP) is developed to prevent and mitigate

significant adverse impacts. Accentuated beneficial impacts will be implemented by ONGC

for the proposed project. Key mitigation measures specific to each management plan are:

(a) Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan:

All vehicles, equipment’s and machinery used for construction will be subjected to

preventive maintenance as per manufacturer norms.

Test Flaring will be undertaken in accordance with CPCB Guidelines for discharging

of gaseous emissions for Oil and Gas Extraction Industry.

Preventive maintenance of DG sets is to be undertaken as per manufacturers’

schedule to ensure compliance with CPCB specified generator exhaust.

Installing acoustic enclosures and muffler on engine exhaust of DG sets to ensure

compliance with generator noise limits specified by CPCB.


SENES 10 ONGC

Installation and maintenance of effective run-off controls, including silt traps, straw

barriers etc. so as to minimize erosion.

Proper casing and cementing of exploratory well will be done to prevent

contamination of sub-surface aquifers.

(b) Waste Management Plan

Use of low toxicity chemicals for preparation of drilling fluid.

Storage of drill cuttings in impervious HDPE lined pits

Wastewater disposal will be done either through solar evaporation or necessary

treatment to comply with CPCB onshore effluent discharge standard for oil and gas

industry.

Hazardous waste (waste and used oil) will be managed in accordance with

Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules,

2000.

(c) Road Safety and Traffic Management Plan

Clear signs, flagmen and signal will be set up in major traffic junctions and near

sensitive receptors and night time movement of vehicles will be restricted.

(d) Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan

All machines to be used in construction will conform to relevant Indian Standards (IS)

codes. These will be kept in good working order and properly maintained.

Contractor workers involved in handling of materials and chemicals will be provided

with proper PPEs.

Workplace must be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting

equipment.

Health problems of workers should be taken care of by providing basic health care

facilities.

(f) Cultural Heritage Management

Cultural and archaeologically important areas within the block will be

geographically mapped and communicated to the Contractor.

Consultations will be held with local communities in areas of identified cultural

importance prior to the commencement of operations.

(g) Emergency Response Plan

Drilling rig and related equipment to be used for exploratory drilling will be

conformed to international standards specified for such equipment.

Blow-out preventers and related well control equipment will be installed, operated,

maintained and tested generally in accordance with internationally recognized

standards.


SENES 11 ONGC

Appropriate gas and leak detection system will be made available at each drilling

location.

Adequate fire-fighting equipment will be provided in each drilling site

Public Consultation

As ONGC is proposed to do the exploratory drilling at in Luhari village, Patera Tehsil, in

Damoh district of M.P, the Public Hearing had been organized in Damoh only and it was

conducted as per the EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006. The draft EIA report,

along with Executive Summaries in English and Hindi were submitted to Madhya Pradesh

Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) for conducting public hearing. The objective of

conducting public hearing is to disseminate project related information among locals and

understand and address their concerns due to proposed project.

Conclusion

The implementation of proposed drilling activity will confirm the availability of oil and gas in

the area, which can lead to further improvement in infrastructure, employment & business

opportunities in the project area. All possible environmental aspects are adequately

addressed and necessary control measures are included in the EIA report to fulfill statutory

requirement. ONGC will strongly support benefits to the local people and the area as per the

policy framework and commits to take care of all the environmental concerns of the local

people.

SENES 12 ONGC

1 Introduction

1.1 BACKGROUND

Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Ltd., a Government of India Navaratna Enterprise, is

awarded by Government of India an exploration block VN-ONN-2009/3 Son Valley,

Vindhyan Basin in Damoh and Chhatarpur Districts of Madhya Pradesh. This block was

awarded to ONGC in the NELP – VIII round of bidding. The awarded block has an area of

1250 Km2 and ONGC has 100% participative interest (P.I). Production sharing contract

(PSC) for the block was signed on 30th June 2010 and the license was granted on 12th Oct

2011 for a total period of 7 years distributed in two phases, Phase- I for 4 years (12.10.2011-

11.10.2015) and Phase – II for 3 years (12.10.2015-11.10.2018) respectively.

The committed minimum work program (MWP) for the Phase-I was 280 GLK 2D seismic

API which has been overachieved (API 288.81 LKM of 2D seismic data) as on date. Based

on the interpretation of new seismic data and integration with available G&G data of the

block and the contiguous area, a number of prospective locale were identified in the block.

One exploratory location, R-HAT-A, has been released by the competent authority while 3

other prospective locale are identified in the block which can be firmed up for release based

on the drilling result of R-HAT-A. Drilling of location R-HAT-A during Phase-I (planned for

drilling in 2015-16) will enable to establish the prospectivity of the block as well as entering

into Phase-II. This will be set off against the MWP of three wells in Phase-II of exploration.

Although entire block falls in two districts but lead area identified on the basis of seismic

survey findings comes in Damoh District only. The released well location “R-HAT-A” falls

in Luhari village of Patera Tehsil, Damoh District.

The exploratory well drilling of hydrocarbons in VN-ONN-2009/3block is included under

activities specified in Schedule (Activity 1b) of the new EIA Notification dated 14th

September 2006.It requires Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment

and Forests (MoEF). The proposed project is new project and there are no ongoing and

previous operations of the proposed project, requiring environmental clearance exist in the

awarded block.

ONGC had submitted Form-1 of the EIA Notification, along with a Draft Terms of Reference

(ToR) for EIA study to MoEF. MoEF has issued approved ToR vide letter No. J-

11011/100/2014-IA II (I) dated 18th July, 2014. Compliance to ToR is presented at Table 1-1

and approved ToR is shown in Annex 1.


SENES 13 ONGC

SENES India, a NABET accredited EIA Consultant, has been entrusted by ONGC to

undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for VN-ONN-2009/3 Block.

Additionally, in conformance to ONGC’s Environment and Safety Policy, an EIA study will

play an important role in formulating appropriate environmental management response for

the proposed drilling project. In this perspective, SENES India has strived to fulfill the

project objectives delineated in the section below.

1.2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

ONGC has endeavored to meet the energy requirements of the country. The rising population

and consequent increases in demands on petroleum has put a lot of pressure on the

government as in spite its best efforts, the country has to import oil from international market.

It is expected that the proposed drilling activity in VN-ONN-2009/3 block will meet the

challenges partially. With a view to meet the growing demand, the initiative for exploration

in relatively less explored areas is envisaged.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the EIA study are as follows:

Establish the prevailing baseline environmental and socio-economic condition of the

VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block and its surroundings along with the compliance needs

for environmental approvals to carry out exploratory drilling activity;

Assessing environmental and socioeconomic impacts arising out of the proposed

drilling activities;

Assess impacts resulting from the proposed project;

Recommend appropriate preventive and mitigation measures to eliminate or minimize

pollution, environmental & social disturbances during the life-cycle of the project,

ensuring compliance with environmental laws and regulation applicable ;

Integrating mitigative measures with existing ONGC’s environmental action plans

and management systems so that they can be implemented, monitored and suitable

corrective action can be taken in case of deviations;

Identifying and proposing alternative actions in terms of technology and practices that

may help in abating environmental or socio-economic impacts due to the project;

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The basic scope for this study involves conducting of an EIA study to understand the

environmental and social impacts of the project and recommend suitable preventive/

mitigative actions through the Environment Management Plan (EMP). The lead area of the

proposed block has been identified by ONGC. Since the entire project activities and well

locations are limited within the lead area only therefore primary monitoring/information was

focused in lead area only. However, secondary information was collected and anlysed for the

entire block. The study isbased on the TOR approved by Ministry of Environment and

Forests (MoEF), Government of India vide letter- No. J-11011/100/2014-IA II (I) dated


SENES 14 ONGC

18thJuly, 2014. The validity of approved for the proposed project will be 2 years i.e. 18th July,

2016. Scope of the study in consultation with ONGC has been summarized below:

Conduction of a reconnaissance visit to assess the existing environmental and socio

economic setting of the VN-ONN-2009/3Block;

Undertaking site visits for collection of primary and secondary information on

environmental and social setting in the Block;

Formulating primary environmental monitoring plan and conducting monitoring of

the environmental components as per the plan;

Assessing the potential environmental and social impactsof the project;

Suggesting mitigation measures to the negative impacts & implementation of various

positive and enhancement measures as a part of project benefit program to people of

the nearby areas.

Formulating effective Environmental Management Plans (EMP) to prevent, control &

mitigate the adverse environmental impacts ensuring environmental compliance.

1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT

The EIA report documents the results and findings of the EIA study undertaken by SENES.

Subsequent sections of the report present description of the project activities, environmental

& social baseline scenario and the outcome of assessment of the impacts and risks that may

arise during the lifecycle of the project. Subsequently, the environmental management plan

involving mitigation measures that will help in mitigating negative and unacceptable

environmental impacts has also been presented. The content of the report is structured as

follows:

Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Description of the Project

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

Chapter 4: Impact Assessment

Chapter 5: Quantitative Risk Assessment

Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan & Monitoring Framework

Chapter 7: EIA Team

The compliance to the conditions mentioned at the Terms of Reference along with sections of

the EIA report reflecting the conditions have been provided inTable 1.1.

TABLE 1-1: COMPLIANCE TO MOEF TOR

Sl. No

ToR Points Issued Addressed at EIA

1. Executive summary of a project Is attached at the beginning of the EIA

Report

2. Project description, project objectives and project

benefits.

The project objectives include drilling

and evaluation hydrocarbons’


SENES 15 ONGC

Sl. No


prospects safely and to determine

hydrocarbon potential of designated

prospects.

The Project benefits include

augmentation to the growing demand

of fuel source in the country. Direct

and indirect benefits for the local

people and finally creation or

improvement of infrastructures.

Provided in Section 2.2

3. A certified copy of the report of the status of

compliance of the conditions stipulated in the

environmental clearance and Consent to Operate

for the ongoing I existing operation of the project

by the Regional Office of the Ministry of

Environment and Forests and SPCB.

This project is new project therefore

this condition is not applicable

4. Site details within 1 km of the each proposed well,

any habitation, any other installation/activity,

flora and fauna, approachability to site, other

activities including agriculture/land, satellite

imagery for 10 km area. All the geological details

shall be mentioned in the Topo sheet of 1:40000

scale, superimposing the well locations and other

structures of the projects.

The areas within 1 km of the proposed

wells are mostly agricultural land. The

site details of each well is provided at

Section 2.4

5. Details of forest land involved in the proposed

project. A copy of forest clearance letter, if

applicable.

Forest land is not involved in the

proposed project. Lead area is

identified in agricultural field only

6. Permission from the State Forest department

regarding the impact of the proposed project on

the surrounding National Park/Wild life

Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if

any. Approval obtained from the State/Central

Government under Forest (Conservation Act,

1980) for the forestland shall be submitted.

Not applicable, as the forest land and

any protected notified ecological

sensitive area is not involved in the

proposed project

7. Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted

area as per Notification, if applicable.

There are no Critically polluted area

within 10km of Block boundary

8. Does proposal involves rehabilitation and

resettlement? If yes, details thereof.

The project activities will not require

any rehabilitation and resettlement of

human habitation. Detail given in

Section 2.5.1.

9. Details of project cost. The total project cost would be 40

crores per well (Refer Section 2.9).

10. Environmental considerations in the selection of

the drilling locations for which environmental

clearance is being sought. Present any analysis

suggested for minimizing the foot print giving

details of drilling and development options

considered.

Based on seismic survey data

acquisition and interpretation the well

locations are selected. The well sites

area selected away from settlements

and easy access to the proposed site as

far as applicable. The environmental


SENES 16 ONGC

Sl. No


considerations are given in Section

2.5.1

11. Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for

one season leaving the monsoon season in an area

of 10 km radius with centre of Oil Field as its

centre covering the area of all proposed drilling

wells.

The Baseline environmental data have

been provided in Chapter 3

(i) Topography of the project site. The topography of the Block is

described at Section 3.2.4. The

topographic map is provided in Figure

3-7

(ii) Ambient Air Quality monitoring at 8

locations for PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, Methane

and non-methane HC.

Ambient Air Quality monitored at 8

locations. Ambient air quality

monitoring results are provided in

Section 3.2.2

(iii) Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical

properties) at the areas located at 5 locations.

SOIL Quality monitored at 5 locations

is provided at Section 3.2.10

(iv) Ground and surface water quality in the

vicinity of the proposed wells site.

Potable water and surface water

quality monitored at 6 and 4 locations

respectively are provided at Sections

3.2.7 and 3.2.8

(v) Climatology and Meteorology including

wind speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall

relative humidity etc.

Climate and Meteorology of the

project area is provided at Section

3.2.1.

(vi) Measurement of Noise levels within 1 km

radius of the proposed wells.

Ambient Noise Quality monitored at 8

locations near the proposed wells is

provided at Section 3.2.3

(vii) Vegetation and land use; Animal resources The land use and land cover of the

Block is provided at Section 3.2.9.

The Land use map is provided at

Figure 3-13.

Vegetation and animal resources of

the Block and its surrounding is

provided in Section 3.3.

12. Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation. Incremental GLC Concentrations are

provided at Section 4.2.2 Impacts on

Air Quality

13. Potential environmental impact envisages during

various stages of project activities such as site

activation, development, operation/ maintenance

and decommissioning.

Potential Environmental Impacts

envisaged during various stages of

Project activities is given in Chapter 4.

14. Actual source of water and ‘Permission’ for the

drawl of water from the Competent Authority.

Detailed water balance, wastewater generation

and discharge.

Source of water would be from

borewell at each well site. If required,

ONGC will take the necessary

permission from the relevant authority

if required (Section 2.6.2).

Water balance is provided at Figure 2-

13; Wastewater generation and discharge


SENES 17 ONGC

Sl. No


are provided at Section 2.7.3 Liquid

Wastes

15. Noise abatement measures and measures to

minimize disturbance due to light and visual

intrusions in case coastally located.

Block is not located in Coastal Area.

Abatement of visual intrusions and

noise have been provided at Sections

4.2.1 and 4.2.3 respectively and also

at 6.1.1 Pollution Prevention and

Abatement Plan

16. Treatment and disposal of waste water. Refer Section Table 2-6 Liquid wastes

and disposal and Section 6.1.2 Waste

Management Plan

17. Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation. Refer Section Table 2-7 Waste

Streams and Disposal and Section

6.1.2 Waste Management Plan

18. Disposal of spent oil and lube. Refer Section Table 2-7 Waste

Streams and Disposal and Section


19. Storage of chemicals and diesel at site. The chemicals for mud preparation

would be stored at the drill site at a

secluded site (Section 2.5.2).

Fuel will be stored at onsite storage

facility as per Petroleum Rules, 2002

in a paved and bunded area (Section

2.6.3).

20. Commitment for the use of WBM only Water based mud would be used for

drilling activity. Refer Section 2.5.2

Drilling Activity and Annex 2 for mud

composition to be used at the wells.

21. Mud make up and mud and cutting disposal – all

options considered shall be listed with selective

option.

Refer Section 2.5.2 Drilling Activity

and Annex 2 for mud composition to

be used at the wells.

Mud and cuttings disposal has been

provided at Section 2.7.4 Solid and

Hazardous Waste Streams and Section

6.1.2 Waste Management plan

22. Hazardous material usage, storage accounting and

disposal.

Refer Section 2.7.3 and 2.7.4 and

tables 2.7 and 2.8; Waste Streams and

Disposal and Section 6.1.2 Waste

Management Plan

23. Disposal of packaging waste from site. Refer Section 6.1.2 Waste

Management Plan

24. Oil spill emergency plans in respect of recovery/

reclamation.

Oil spill emergency plans in case of a

blow-out have been presented at

Section 5.3.1 Refer Section 6.1.4 Spill management.

25. H2S emissions control. Natural gas produced from ONGC’s

contiguous reveal absence of H2S

(Section 2.7.2).

26. Produced oil handling and storage. Oil produced at the time of well

testing operations will be collected in

an Oil tanker and taken to the nearest


SENES 18 ONGC

Sl. No


OCS (Section 2.5.2).

27. Details of scheme for oil collection system along

with process flow diagram and its capacity.

Not Applicable

28. Details of control of air, water and noise pollution

in oil collection system.

Not Applicable

29. Disposal of produced/formation water. Refer Section 6.1.2 Waste

Management Plan

30. Whether any burn pits being utilised for well test

operations.

Burn pits will not be utilized for well

test operations

31. Restoration and decommissioning plans which

shall include mud pits and wastage restoration

also and documentation and monitoring of site

recovery.

Refer Section 6.1.9 Site Closure Plan

32. Measures to protect ground water and shallow

aquifers from contamination.

Refer Section 6.1 Pollution Prevention

and Abatement Plans- Groundwater

quality impacts and surface water

quality impacts

33. Risk assessment and disaster management plan for

independent reviews of well designed

Construction etc. for prevention of blow out.

Refer Chapter 5 Quantitative Risk

Assessment

34. Environmental management plan. Refer Chapter 6 Environment

Management Plan

35. Documentary proof of membership of common

disposal facilities, if any.

None

36. Details of environmental and safety related

documentation within the company including

documentation and proposed occupational health

and safety Surveillance Safety Programme for all

personnel at site. This shall also include

monitoring programme for the environmental.

Regular health check up of personnel

conducted as per Organizational

Policy. Surveillance safety programs

are carried at regular intervals and

documented. Refer Box 2.1 ONGC Corporate HSE

Policy Environmental Monitoring

Programme has been provided at

Table 6-3

37. Total capital and recurring cost for environmental

control measures.

Cost for environmental control

measures have been provided at Table

6-1.

38. A copy of Corporate Environment Policy of the

company as per the Ministry’s O.M. No. J-

11013/41/2006-IA.II (I) dated 26th April, 2011

available on the Ministry’s website.

ONGC’s corporate Health Safety

Environment Policy has been provided

at Box 2.1

39. Any litigation pending against the project and or

any direction/order passed by any court of

lawagainst the project. If so details thereof.

No litigation is pending against the

project

40. A tabular chart with index for point-wise

compliance of above TORs.

Provided at Table 1-1

The following general points shall be noted: ToR compliance has been provided


SENES 19 ONGC

Sl. No


(i) All documents shall be properly indexed, page

numbered. (ii) Period/date of data collection shall be clearly

indicated. (iii) Authenticated English translation of all

material provided in Regional languages. (iv) The letter/application for EC shall quote the

MOEF file No. and also attach a copy of the letter. (v) A copy of the letter received from the Ministry

shall be also attached as an annexure to the final

EIAEMP Report. (vi) The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the

Ministry must incorporate the issues in this letter.

The index of the final EIA-EMP report must

indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the

EIA-EMP Report where the above issues have

been incorporated. (vii) The consultants involved in the preparation

of EIA-EMP report after accreditation with

Quality Council of India (QCl) / National Accreditation Board of

Education and Training (NABET) would need to include a certificate in this regard in the EIA-EMP

reports prepared by them and data provided by other organization/Laboratories including their

status of approvals etc.

in Chapter 1, Table 1.1

SENES 20 ONGC

2 Description of the Project

2.1 OVERVIEW

Govt. of India has awarded Petroleum Exploration License (PEL) for VN-ONN2009/3

exploration block in Damoh and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh for exploration oil

& gas to ONGC. The awarded block is covering an area of 1250 sq.km and ONGC has 100%

equity participation. The production sharing contract (PSC) was signed on 30-06-2010. The

PEL was granted to ONGC w.e.f 12.10.2011 for a total period of 7 years distributed in two

phases, Phase – I of 4 years and Phase – II of 3 years respectively.

The committed minimum work program (MWP) for the Phase-I was 280 GLK 2D seismic

API which has been overachieved (API 288.81 LKM of 2D seismic data) as on date. Based

on the interpretation of new seismic data and integration with available G&G data of the

block and the contiguous area, a number of prospective locale were identified in the block.

One exploratory location, R-HAT-A, has been released by the competent authority while 3

other prospective locale are identified in the block which can be firmed up for release based

on the drilling result of R-HAT-A.

Drilling of location R-HAT-A during Phase-I (planned for drilling in 2015-16) will enable to

establish the prospectivity of the block as well as entering into Phase-II. This will be set off

against the MWP of three wells in Phase-II of exploration.

2.2 OBJECTIVES AND BENEFITS OF PROPOSED DRILLING ACTIVITIES

Project Objectives

Objectives of the proposed drilling activities are summarized below:

To drill and evaluate hydrocarbons’ prospects safely without putting significant

impact on the environment.

To determine hydrocarbon potential of designated projects

Project Benefits

The commercially viable production of Oil / Gas from the project will help to fulfill the

energy requirement of India. The dependency of India on other countries will be lessened to

an extent. Additionally, the project is likely to render the following benefits:

More royalty to Madhya Pradesh Government and more cess to Govt. of India


SENES 21 ONGC

Employment opportunities to local people

Development of roads in the area

Energy security for the country

Assistance from ONGC as per ONGC’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

programmes

Overall socioeconomic development of the area

2.3 BLOCK LOCATION & DESCRIPTION

2.3.1 Location

The VN-0NN-2009/3 Block is about 1250 sq km. it is located in the in two districts of

Madhya Pradesh, namely Damoh and Chhatarpur. The block area is mainly covered with

agricultural land and forest land. Northern part of the block, outside of lead area is dominated

by forest land. However, there is no forest land in lead area identified by ONGC for

exploratory well drilling and other project activities. Major Town of Damoh district is Hatta

town (Tehsil Headquarter) comes in central part of the proposed block. Regional setting of

the Block is shown in Figure 2-1. The geographic location of the VN-ONN-2009/3 Block is

included within the Survey of India’s Topo- Sheet No. 54P/07, 54P/08, 54P/11 and 54P/12

Coordinates of the Block are given in Table 2-1. The Block location map superimposed on

Toposheet is shown in Figure 2-2

TABLE 2-1: COORDINATES OF THE VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK

Particular Latitude (North) Longitude (East)

Boundary Points Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec

A 24 20 00 79 20 00

B 24 20 00 79 40 00

C 24 00 00 79 40 00

D 24 00 00 79 20 00

A 24 20 00 79 20 00

2.3.2 Accessibility

Three state highways passes through the block and connect the block with nearby districts

and towns. Details of highways and connecting settlements are as follows:

SH-49 connects the block with Damoh and Panna districts. This highway also passes

through Hatta Town (Tehsil headquarter)

SH-51 traverses the northern part of the block and passes through the forest area. This

highway connect the Hatta Town in the VN-ONN-2009/3 block with Patera town in

south east and with NH-86 in North West. NH-86 further connect Chhatarpur and

Sagar districts.

SH-37 passes through the south west part of the block and connect Damoh district

with NH-86.


SENES 22 ONGC

Railway

No railway line passes through the PEL Block. The Nearest major railway station is in

Damoh, about 20 km from the PEL Block.

Airport

The nearest airport at Jabalpur is about 130 km from VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block.

The accessibility map of the area is provided at Figure 2-3.


SENES 23 ONGC

FIGURE 2-1: REGIONAL SETTING MAP OF VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK


SENES 24 ONGC

FIGURE 2-2: VN-ONN-2009/3BLOCK LOCATION MAP ON TOPOSHEET


SENES 25 ONGC

FIGURE 2-3: VN-ONN-2009/3BLOCKACCESSIBILITY MAP


SENES 26 ONGC

2.3.3 Environmental Settings of the Block

The key physical features (Refer Figure 2-4) of VN-ONN-2005/3 exploration Block have

been described below:

The Block is rectangular in shape having a dimension of approximately 37km in

length and an average of 34km in width. The northern part of the Block is mainly

occupied with reserved and protected forest while the middle and southern part of the

block is covered by agricultural field mainly.

Terrain in the middle and south part of the block is mostly flat land. A river known as

Sonar River is passing through the block and joins the Ken River outside the block in

north east direction. A number of seasonal drains and tributaries of Sonar River such

as Khopra Nadi and Baink Nadi exist within the block. No large reservoir within the

block was observed during the reconnaissance survey.

Majority of the area in the block is agricultural land. Hatta which is Tehsil

headquarter along with number of villages exist within the block. Agricultural fields

are mostly bi-cropped. Water of Sonar River and its tributaries is being used as source

of irrigation in nearby agricultural field whereas field located away from river and

tributaries uses ground water for irrigation purpose.

National Highways namely NH-34and State Highway SH-51, SH- 49 and SH-37

passes through the Block. All these are important roads connecting block with the

Hatta Tehsil and Damoh district.

The Ecological sensitive area and wildlife sanctuary in the region is Panna national

Park and Noradehi Wildlife Sanctuary however, they are located at an aerial distance

of 45 and 50 kms respectively from the block. There is no notified ecological

sensitive area or wildlife sanctuary exists within the block.

The major settlements within the Block are Hatta, Luhari, Batiya, Sitanagar, Mankora

etc. The Majority of the people living in this region have community based life style.

Photo 2.1: Agricultural field Photo 2.2: SH-49


SENES 27 ONGC

Photo 2.3: Well location – R-HAT-A in Luhari

Village

Photo 2.4: Well location (Tentative) – R-HAT-B near

Hatta Town

Photo 2.5: Well location(Tentative) – R-HAT-C in

Mankora Village

Photo 2.6: Well location (Tentative) – R-HAT-D in

Manjhguan Patol Village

Photo 2.7: Type of Settlement in the Block


SENES 28 ONGC

FIGURE 2-4: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS OF VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK


SENES 29 ONGC

2.4 WELL LOCATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS

2.4.1 Location of Wells

The proposed well sites have been selected in agricultural field. Environmental

considerations viz. location of sensitive ecological habitats, settlements, schools/ hospitals,

water bodies etc. has also taken into account while selecting the locations of wells. Proper

environmental and safety measures will be adopted to minimize footprints on these receptors.

Total 4wells are proposed within the lead area of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block during the plan

period. Out of 4 wells, location of one well “R-HAT-A” has been finalized based on seismic

data while three other locations are tentative. The R-HAT-A well is coming under Patera

Tehsil. Geo-coordinates of all the four wells are provided in Table 2-2 and the locations of

the wells at within the Block are shown in Figure 2-5.

TABLE 2-2: COORDINATES OF TENTATIVE WELL LOCATIONS

Well Name Co-ordinate (Surface) Village Tehsil District Nature of

Location

R-HAT-A 240 05’ 12.85” N ;

79033’ 43.07’’ E Luhari Patera Damoh Final

R-HAT-B 240 07’ 42.52” N ;

79037’ 09.11” E Hatta Hatta Damoh Tentative

R-HAT-C 240 01’ 46.54” N ;

79028’ 35.77” E Mankora Patharia Damoh Tentative

R-HAT-D 240 03’ 43.12” N ;

79038’ 50.00” E

Majhguwan

patol Patera Damoh Tentative


SENES 30 ONGC

FIGURE 2-5: LOCATION OF PROPOSED WELLS ON IMAGERY


SENES 31 ONGC

Figure 2-6: Location of Proposed Wells on Satellite Image


SENES 32 ONGC

2.4.2 Environmental Settings

The environmental and physical settings around the wells (study area) are described below.

R-HAT-A – The proposed well is located at the Luhari village. The well is located adjacent

to the state highway SH-49. The area within 1km of the proposed well site is mostly

agricultural land with settlements located adjacent to the highway. Nearest settlement of

Luhari village is located at about 1.5 km south west of the well site. In north direction of well

site, two small houses are located at a distance of 0.5 kms.

FIGURE 2-7: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS OF R-HAT-A WELL

R-HAT-B –The subsurface location of the proposed well site is located about 1.5 km east of

the Hatta Town. Location of this well is tentative and yet to be finalized on the basis of

seismic data.


SENES 33 ONGC

FIGURE 2-8: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS OF R-HAT-B WELL

R-HAT-C –The subsurface location of the proposed well site is located about 0.7 km east of

the Mankora village. Location of this well is tentative and yet to be finalized on the basis of

seismic data. One seasonal drain exist near the Mankora village. This drain is 0.5 km from

the proposed well location.

FIGURE 2-9: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS OF R-HAT-C WELL


SENES 34 ONGC

R-HAT-D –The subsurface location of the proposed well site is located about 0.7 km south

east of the Majhguwan patol village. Location of this well is tentative and yet to be finalized

on the basis of seismic data. Two ponds exist at 0.75 km from well location.

FIGURE 2-10: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS OF R-HAT-D WELL

2.5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SCHEDULE

The lifecycle of project activities for the proposed project has been divided into distinct steps

and each is described in detail in the subsequent sections and will take approximately three

months to complete drilling and testing activity at each well site.

The project lifecycle has been classified into three phases:

Pre-drilling activity

Site selection

Land acquisition

Site access road and drill site construction

Pre-drilling activities, mobilization and Rigging up

Initial well construction


SENES 35 ONGC

Drilling activity

Drilling of wells

Testing of wells

Well decommissioning

Well abandonment

Site closure and decommissioning

Site Restoration

2.5.1 Pre-drilling Activity

The pre-drilling phase will involve the following activities:

Site Selection

All the locations selected by ONGC’s were based on seismic data acquisition and

interpretation. Suitable drilling locations were selected based on the physical (terrain and

access) and technical suitability.

Selecting drill site’s environmental considerations is as below:

Away from organized human habitats.

Easy access to area of interest

Away from river and water bodies

Land Acquisition

During the site selection process all the legal requirements will be considered for finalization

of the surface locations. The estimated land required per drill site is approximately 3 ha

including site required for construction of approach road. As the seismic interpretation for R-

HAT-A exploratory well is completed therefore location of this well is finalized and land has

been acquired on the lease for a period of one year. The details of the land taken on the lease

is given below:

S.No. Well Name Land Area

Acquired

Khasra

Number

Land Owner Name and

Address

Landuse

1 R-HAT-A 1.72

Hectare

1358/4

Tirath Singh

R/o Vill. Luhari, Tehsil

Patera, Dist. Damoh

Agricultural

Land

1358/5 Sapna Aggarwal, R/o Hatta,

Dist. Damoh

Agricultural

Land

1359 Ram Singh, R/o Vill. Luhari,

Tehsil Patera, Dist. Damoh

Agricultural

Land


SENES 36 ONGC

Rehabilitation and Resettlement

All proposed drill sites are located away from human habitation. Therefore, any displacement

will not be required for the project. As displacement is not required, resettlement and

rehabilitation is not hold pertinent for this project. Additionally, it is to be mentioned that, no

rehabilitation and resettlement is required during construction or strengthening or widening

of approach road to reach to drill site.

Approach Road and Site Construction

Construction of Approach Road

The approach road will be constructed by contractors appointed by ONGC. Since the location

of wells is proposed in agricultural field with very low density of trees, it minimizes the

requirement of tree cutting. Wherever required, culverts and drainage channel will be

maintained during approach road construction.

Drill Site Construction

Approximately 3 hectares will be required for each drill site to facilitate drilling and testing

activity Site preparation will involve all activities required to facilitate the transport and

operation of the drilling rig and associated equipments and machineries. The site preparation

activities would include leveling, filling and consolidation of the site for staging of the

equipment and machinery. Since the well’s sites are proposed in agricultural field, clearing of

vegetation at the drill sites and approach roads is minimized.Reinforced Cement Concrete

(RCC) will be used for the construction of foundation system. For making foundations of the

main rig structure, cast in-situ bored under- reamed piles of specified lengths will also be

used. Site preparation will also involve the following:

Construction of cellar pit 3m X 3m X 3m for installation of well head and BOP

Construction of HDPE lined pit of 3250m3 at well site for temporary storage and

disposal of drill cutting

Construction of HDPE lined water pit of 150m3 capacity

Septic tanks and soak pits to dispose the domestic wastewater at the drill site.

The transport of rig including ancillary equipments and camp facilities to the site is expected

to comprise around 100 trailer loads. Though the rig and related equipments will be directly

brought to site, spares, chemicals and other materials will be received from the warehouse.

Materials will be intermittently supplied from warehouse to the drilling site, during

operations; a provision will be kept for temporary storage of materials at the drilling site

itself.

Rig Mobilization and Rigging up

A rig building process will follow the site preparation activities. This process involves

transport of rig including auxiliary equipment and camp facilities, assembling of various rig

parts and equipment to drill a well. The rig including auxiliary equipment and camp facilities


SENES 37 ONGC

will comprise of around 100 truck/trailer loads. Once the drilling rig is assembled, thorough

rig inspection will be carried out to check equipment working capability and quality

standards. The rig will have various allied equipment like mud tanks, mud pumps,

compressors, fuel tank, DG sets etc.

Initial Well Construction

Spudding in well is the start of drilling activity. Top-hole section will be drilled to a desired

depth based on well design. After drilling top-hole section, it will be annualated with a pipe

called “Casing”. Casing provides support to hole wall and secures hole section. Other than

that, it isolates problematic hole sections such as loss zones, shale sections, over pressurized

formations etc. After running casing, space between hole wall and “Casing” will be

cemented. This process of drilling and casing the hole section continues until the final well

depth (target) is achieved. Lengths and diameters of each section of the well are determined

prior to drilling and are dependent on the geological conditions through which the well is to

be drilled. Once each section of the well is completed, the drill string is lifted and protective

steel pipe or casing lowered into the well and cemented into place.

2.5.2 Drilling Activity

The exploitation of hydrocarbons requires the construction of a conduit between the surface

and the reservoir. This is achieved by the drilling process. Drilling operations will be carried

out using an electrical type drilling unit for drilling of oil and gas wells consist of a Derrick at

the top of which is mounted a crown block and a hoisting Block with a Hook. This rig will be

suitable for deep drilling up to the desired depth of 2800 m, as planned for the project.

Additionally, there will be other ancillary facilities like Drilling mud system, Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP), Cuttings disposal, Drill Cementing equipment etc. and utilities to

supply Power (DG sets), water, fuel (HSD) to the drilling process and will be set up as a part

of the project.

Mud System and Cuttings

During drilling operations a fluid known as drilling fluid (or ‘mud’) is pumped through the

drill string down to the drilling bit and returns between the drill pipe–casing annulus up to

surface back into the circulation system after separation of drill cuttings /solids through solids

control equipment. Drilling fluid is essential to the operation and helps in controlling

downhole pressure, lift Soil/rock cuttings to the mud pit, prevent cuttings from settling in the

drill pipe, lubricate, cool and clean the drill bit amongst other functions.

It has been decided that an ecofriendly water-based mud system will be used in all the

proposed wells. Mud used during the operation will flush out formation cuttings from the

well hole. These cuttings will be separated from the drilling mud using a solids-control and

waste management package. Cuttings will then be stored in the HDPE lined pits (of

approximately 600 m3 capacity) and after completion of the drilling activities, cuttings will be

tested for hazardous nature and based on nature of the drill cuttings, final disposal pathway


SENES 38 ONGC

will be finalized as per CPCB Guidelines. The total amount of cuttings produced during the

entire drilling period is projected to be about 200 m3.

Once the cuttings have been separated, the drilling fluid will be reused or processed after

further treatment in a Chemically Enhanced Dewatering (CED) system designed to remove

suspended solids that are too fine for mechanical separation in solids control package

producing inlet particles called ‘flocs’. The flocs will be removed in the decanting centrifuges

and the resultant sludge disposed off in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) lined pits. The

cleaned waste water will also be stored in HDPE lined pits and disposed off, after necessary

treatment and testing to meet the CPCB Discharge Guidelines.

The whole process by which the drilling fluid will be reused during drilling operation is

commonly known as a “closed loop system.” This system cuts down on the total water

consumption for the formulation of drilling mud and also saves on the consumption of

chemicals. Figure 2-11 shows the schematic layout of the drilling waste management.

Figure 2-12 shows the drilling fluid circulation system which is designed to enable the

drilling fluid to be recycled and maintained in good condition throughout the operation.

Various components of the drilling mud will be selected carefully to be able to provide

desired properties to the mud. Mud chemicals will be added to the uniform mud system to

adjust the mud properties and ensure fluid loss control/circulation, lubricity, shale inhibition,

pH control and pressure control in the well during drilling.

Additionally, some chemicals will also be stored in the drill site. The storage area will be

paved and bunded and will be provided with a shed.


SENES 39 ONGC

FIGURE 2-11: DRILLING WASTE MANAGEMENT

Drilling Operation Drill cuttings plus

drilling mud

Drilling mud separation

in shale shaker

Drilling mud reused

Drill cutting washing

Washed & free of ONGC drill

cuttings to HDPE lined drill

cutting pit

Washed waste water to HDPE

lined waste water pit

Disposal after testing and

treatment to meet regulatory

requirement

Disposal after testing and

treatment to meet regulatory

requirement


SENES 40 ONGC

FIGURE 2-12: TYPICAL DRILLING FLUID CIRCULATION SYSTEM

Cementing Programme

Cementing is a necessary aspect of drilling oil and gas wells. Cement is used to

Secure/support casing strings

Isolate zones for production purposes

Solve various hole problems

Cementing generally utilizes Portland cement (API Class G Oil Well Cement) with various

additives in small quantities as accelerators/retarders, density adjusters, dispersants, fluid loss

additives, anti gas migration additives, etc.

Well Logging

Between the drilling operations for different zones, logging operations are undertaken to

provide information on the potential type and quantities of hydrocarbons present in the target

formations. Technicians employed by a specialist Logging Service will be entrusted with the

job of undertaking well logging. Logging instruments (sensors) will be attached to the bottom

of a wire line and lowered to the bottom of the well. They are then slowly brought back, the

devices reading different data as they pass each formation and recording it on graphs, which

can be interpreted by the geologist, geophysicist and drilling engineer. There are no

emissions to the environment associated with wire line logging operations. The radioactive

source required for well logging operations will be kept in specially designed container.


SENES 41 ONGC

Hydrocarbons in the form of oil and/or gas are flowed during well testing operations. The

excess hydrocarbons are flared out through a burner located in a burn pit. The burn pit is 15

m in length and 8 m in breadth. The depth of the pit is around 4 to 5 m. It is usually located at

a distance of minimum 90 m away from the center of the well. The burn pit is constructed

with concrete and its walls are built from refractory bricks.

Oil produced at the time of well testing operations will be collected in an oil tanker and taken

to the nearest OCS

2.5.3 Well Decommissioning

Well Abandonment

On completion of activities, wells will be either plugged and suspended (if the well

evaluations indicate commercial quantities of hydrocarbons) or killed and permanently

abandoned. In the event of a decision to suspend the well, it will be filled with a brine

solution containing very small quantities of inhibitors to protect the well. The well will be

sealed with cement plugs and wellhead fittings (Blind Flange) left on the surface (Cellar). If

the well is abandoned, it will be sealed with a series of cement plugs, all the wellhead

equipment will be removed leaving the surface clear of any debris and site will be restored.

Site Closure and Decommissioning

After completion of the drilling activity, partial de-mobilisation of the drilling rig and

associated infrastructure will be initiated. As discussed earlier, well testing may be carried

out immediately after the drilling is completed or about 4 months depending on initial

evaluation timing. The complete de-mobilisation of the facilities at site will happen after

well-testing has been completed. This will involve the dismantling of the rig, all associated

equipments and the residential camp, and transporting it out of the project area. It is expected

that demobilization phase will last about 10 days and will involve the trucking away of

materials, equipments and other materials from site to bring it back to original condition. It is

estimated that about 100 truckloads will be transported out of site during this period.

Subsequently, following steps will be typically involved to restore and rehabilitate the area:

The wellhead and all casing string will be cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m (10 ft)

below ground level.

All concrete structures will be broken up, and the debris disposed off as per the

regulatory requirements.

All other waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with the

requirements of the EIA and will be treated to render them harmless.

All fencing and access gates will be removed.

All pits whose contents will show regulatory compliance for on-site disposal, at the

time of site closure, will be backfilled and closed out as per the legal requirements.

Restoration of unusable portion of the access track, removal of pilings and

Landscaping.


SENES 42 ONGC

Site Restoration

All abandoned drill sites will be restored back to its near original condition. After

decommissioning of site, it will be de-compacted and stored top soil will be overlaying on the

de-compacted site with certain moisture conservation measures for restoration soil nutrient

level naturally.

2.6 UTILITIES & RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

2.6.1 Power Supply

The power requirements at the site preparation and construction phase for the drill site will be

met by 63KVADG Sets. Although drilling operations will be continuous, power requirement

will vary depending on activities being carried out. It is anticipated that two DG sets with

power rating of 1215 KVA each will be required for drilling purposes. One or Two units will

be in operation at a time depending on the load requirement and one unit will always be in

standby mode.

2.6.2 Water Consumption and Supply

Total water requirement/day for the drilling operation including domestic usage is estimated

to be about 25KLD. Out of 25 KLD, 8 KLD is estimated for rig operations, 15 KLD in mud

operations, while 2 KLD will be required for domestic usage. The total projected average

consumption of water during the drilling phase of 120 days will be about 3000 KL per well

including domestic purposes. Water will be sourced through the local available sources.

ONGC will take permission from Ground Water Authority regarding abstraction of ground

water for industrial purposes if required. The water requirement per well is shown in Table 2-

3.

TABLE 2-3: WATER REQUIREMENT PER WELL

A provision for storage of about 165 KL of water (5 days water requirement during peak

period) will be made on site. Potable water requirement at site will be met through filtered

bore well water and some packaged drinking water.

In addition, a water storage pit of around 1000 KL is proposed to store water for fire water

supply the likely source being ground water. The water balance diagram is provided at

Figure 2-13.

Description Quantity

Total Water Requirement for Drilling (KL) 3000

No. of Days on well 120

Average drilling water consumption per day

(KLD)

15

Average drilling water consumption per day for

rig wash

8

Average water for domestic use/day (KLD) 2

Total water consumption/day (KLD) 25


SENES 43 ONGC

FIGURE 2-13: WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM


SENES 44 ONGC

2.6.3 Fuel Consumption

Fuel consumed during the drilling phase will mainly be diesel used for various equipment and

vehicles operating to transport goods and supplies to site. It is estimated that about 1 KL

diesel will be required to power the off-road construction equipment and vehicles during site

preparation phase.

During the drilling phase, consumption about 8 KLD of High Speed Diesel (HSD) will be

required. Fuel will be supplied onsite by local supplier through mobile tankers. Out of this, a

major part comprising about 85% will be consumed by the rig (also include the DG sets) and

about 15% will be required for the campsite. Fuel in excess approximately 56 KL (7 day’s

reserve) will be stored at onsite storage facility as per Petroleum Rules, 2002 in a paved and

bunded area.

2.6.4 Accommodation and Campsites

Sometimes it is necessary to provide camp facilities to operations staff, crew and other

contractor personnel. The campsite will provide accommodation to all operational crew and

the contractor personnel. At any point of time, it is anticipated that about 60 personnel per

shift will be housed in the campsite during the well drilling campaign. Toilet facilities will be

built in as part of the accommodation unit. The sewage lines from units will be connected

through a pipeline system to a septic tank and soak pit system constructed as per

requirements of local laws. Food and other organic waste will be subjected to bio-degradation

through organic composting.

2.6.5 Manpower / Employment

During the drilling phase, about 30 people will be working per shift. Total 2 shift of 12 hrs

will be operated during the drilling operations. Considering the two shift and 30 persons per

shift, total 60 persons will be present on the drilling site. This will include technical experts

(including expats), who will be responsible for various drilling related activities and some

local workmen who will be hired from nearby villages for the entire duration of the project.

Technical staff will be housed whenever required in the drilling camps which will be

adequately supported by facilities like kitchen, wash rooms, laundry, etc.

2.7 POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERIZATION

2.7.1 Noise and Vibrations

Noise will be emitted from drill site during site preparation, drilling and decommissioning

phases. The major noise generating operations from the proposed activity during drilling,

testing are operation of rotary drilling equipment as part of rig, diesel engines for power

generation, mud pumps and operation of vehicles. Noise during the site preparatory phase

will primarily be contributed by heavy construction machinery operating on site and

vehicular sources. Average noise emission ranges for different types of construction


SENES 45 ONGC

machinery and noise level of drilling rig and its equipment are shown in Table 2-4 and Table

2-5 respectively.

As drilling activity is continuous, part of the noise associated with functioning of the rig and

ancillaries will be generated throughout day and night.

TABLE 2-4: TYPICAL NOISE EMISSIONS FROM CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

Equipment

Sound Level At Operator (in decibels)

Average Range

Earth Moving Equipment

Front End Loader 88.0 85-91

Back Hoe 86.5 79-89

Bull Dozer 96.0 89-103

Roller 90.0 79-93

Truck 96.0 89-103

Material Handling Equipment

Concrete Mixer <85.0 -

Crane/Hydra <85.0 -

Derrick 100 97-102 Source: British Columbia, “Construction Noise,” Workers Compensation Board of BC

TABLE 2-5: DRILLING RIG AND EQUIPMENT NOISE LEVEL

Equipment

Equivalent noise levels in dB(A)

Average Range

Drilling Rig 96.9 88.0-103.0

Mud Pumps 76.9 73.3 -80.5

Diesel Generators 72.7 71.8-73.7

Shale Shakers 76.6 -

2.7.2 Air Emissions

Air emissions from point sources expected from the proposed drilling activity will be mainly

from combustion of diesel in the diesel engines and power generators which will be operated

to meet power requirement of the drilling rig and the campsite. The principal pollutants will

comprise of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sulphur and Nitrogen dioxides (SO2 and

NO2) and other hydrocarbons (HC). The quantity of HSD consumed during drilling will be in

order of 8 KL /day/drilling site.

Additionally, the flaring and burning of oil during the testing of the well will also lead to the

release of some pollutants including un-burnt hydrocarbons to the atmosphere. Some fugitive

emissions of dust and air pollutants from vehicular exhaust will also happen during the

project lifecycle, mostly during the construction and decommissioning activities.


SENES 46 ONGC

Additionally, there will be re-entrainment of dust from the approach road leading to the site

mainly during the dry season.

Analysis of natural gas generated contiguous field reveal that, it is mostly methane, ethane

and propane without the presence of hydrogen sulfide.

2.7.3 Liquid wastes

During the drilling operations, drilling wastewater generated (approximately 8 m3 per day) as

a result of rig wash and dewatering of spent mud, effluents from washing of drill cuttings,

floor washings, pump, seal leakages, spillages will comprise of chemical ingredients of

drilling fluid thereby rendering effluent to be polluted. The characteristics of drilling and

wash wastewater will be primarily dependent on type and composition of drilling fluid used

for drilling. As ONGC is proposing the use of water-based drilling mud, the potential for

contamination of such waste water is significantly lower. The drilling wastewater will contain

spent drilling fluid generated as a result of washings. The rig wash water and drilling

wastewater generated is proposed to be collected in a wastewater pit (of capacity 600 m3)

constructed at the drilling site. Domestic waste water generated (about 6.4KLD for the

drilling camp) will be treated through a soak pit/septic tank arrangement.

The quantities of the liquid wastes, their characteristics and anticipated disposal methods are

given in Table 2-6.

TABLE 2-6: LIQUID WASTES GENERATED DURING DRILLING AND THEIR DISPOSAL

Waste Type Quantity Disposal

Drilling and

wash

Wastewater

8 m3 per

day/well

The water will be adequately treated in an ETP to

ensure conformance to the CPCB onshore oil and

gas extraction industry effluent standards

Domestic

Wastewater

6.4 m3 per

day from

drilling site

Septic tank followed by soak pit

2.7.4 Solid and Hazardous Waste Streams

The different solid and hazardous waste streams generated during drilling and their disposal

methodology has been presented in Table 2-7.

TABLE 2-7: WASTE STREAMS GENERATED DURING DRILLING AND THEIR DISPOSAL

Waste Type Quantity Characteristics Disposal

Kitchen

Waste

12 kg

per day/well

Organic waste

(Non HW)

Will be stored in compost pits on

daily basis.


SENES 47 ONGC

Waste Type Quantity Characteristics Disposal

Drill Cuttings About 200

m3/ well

Mainly Inert material

Consisting of shales,

sands and clay; about

1% of drilling mud.

(Non HW)

Drill cuttings are likely to be non-

hazardous due to water based mud

drilling. However, as per the

requirement of HWMH Rules, the

cuttings will be washed and

contained in cuttings disposal area

(HDPE lined collection pit) provided

Waste

Drilling Mud

(Fluid)

5m3/day/well

Barite, Bentonite and

Traces of

Heavy metals (HW)

The mud will be tested for hazardous

contaminants and will be disposed

according to HWMH Rules

Acid – Lead

Batteries

2 – 3

Batteries per

drilling of

well

Lead – Acid (HW)

Will be recycled through the vendors

supplying acid – lead batteries as

required under the Batteries

(Management & Handling) Rules,

2001.

Oily waste-

used oil &

spent oil and

loose

0.3 m3/well

5-10 Kg/well Used & Waste Oil

Will be collected in metal drums

kept in secured dyked area &

Disposed as per used oil rules in

approved used oil recycling facility

Recyclables

viz. paper,

plastic,

packaging

wastes

Depending

on usage

- Proper segregation and storage of

recyclable waste in designated bins

onsite. Recyclables will be

periodically sold to local waste

recyclers.

2.8 DRILLING HAZARDS

Loss of well control / blow-out, fire, explosion and oil spills are the major potential hazards

associated with drilling for oil and gas. Effective response plans to foreseeable emergencies

will be developed by ONGC and communicated to the project teams. A risk assessment to be

carried out as part of this EIA will also contribute towards identification of hazards, risks and

formulating management plans for emergency response, blowout, oil spills.

2.9 PROJECT COST

Based on ONGC’s previous experience of drilling in the area, cost for drilling 4

wells(including well site construction and site decommissioning) will be approximately INR

160 crores i.e. 40crores for each well. The cost of drilling will depend on the depth of the

well to be drilled.

2.10 HSE POLICY

ONGC is committed to protecting environment, health and safety of the people who may be

affected, directly or indirectly by its operations. The Drilling Management System (DMS)

framework lays down the corporate Health, Safety and Environment Policy for the entire


SENES 48 ONGC

organization and the range of operations it undertakes as a part of oil and gas exploration.

The overall corporate health environmental safety policy of ONGC may be supplemented by

a local policy document whenever so required. It is understood that ONGC will try to

formulate a local site level policy taking from the parent corporate policy of ONGC to

adequately address the environmental impacts of the proposed drilling projects in VN-ONN-

2009/3 Block through the DMS. The Corporate Environment and Safety Policy of ONGC is

presented below:


SENES 49 ONGC

Box 2.1: ONGC HSE Policy

SENES 50 ONGC

3 Description of the Environment

This chapter describes the existing environmental settings of VN-ONN-2009/3 Block and its

immediate surroundings. This includes physical environment comprising air, water and land

components, biological environment and socio-economic environment. Attributes of the

physical environment like air, water, soil and noise quality in the Block and surrounding area

were assessed primarily through monitoring and analysis of samples collected from the area.

Air, water, soil and noise primary monitoring was conducted by TUV SUD Laboratory (a

NABL certified laboratory). SENES personnel were responsible for selecting the monitoring

stations and supervision of onsite monitoring. Primary monitoring was conducted in winter

season (Jan-March), 2015.

Information on geology, hydrology, prevailing natural hazards like floods, earthquakes etc.

have been collected from literature reviews and authenticated information made available by

government departments. Primary surveys were carried out to understand and record the

biological environment prevailing in the area and the same was verified against published

information and literature. The socioeconomic environment has been studied through

consultations with various stakeholders within the VN-ONN-2009/3 Block. Additionally,

socioeconomic data have been obtained from the Census of India reports.

3.1 STUDY AREA

Area within the lead area identified by ONGC for exploration and other project activities has

been selected to carry out the primary environmental baseline monitoring, while the

secondary information was collected for entire block VN-ONN-2009/3. Since the block is

falling in two districts i.e. Damoh and Chhatarpur therefore secondary information have been

collected and analyzed for both the districts whereas primary data is limited to lead area

within the VN-ONN-2009/3block. While selecting locations for primary monitoring of air,

noise, water, soil and meteorology special emphasis is given to receptors present in lead area

because of operation of proposed project in lead area only. Monitoring stations for air and

noise were selected in proximity to the proposed well sites and access roads. Monitoring

locations for surface water quality was selected based on the macro and micro watershed and

drainage pattern of the area. Soil sample locations were selected based on the landuse-land

cover of the study area. Locations of ecological and social surveys were also selected based

on receptor locations; in addition, special emphasis is given to areas within 1 km radius of the

well sites and access roads.


SENES 51 ONGC

3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Climate & Meteorology

Climate and meteorology of a place can play important role in decision making for

implementation of any developmental project. Meteorology (weather and climate) plays a key

role in understanding local air quality as there is an essential relationship between

meteorology and atmospheric dispersion involving the wind speed/direction, stability class

and other factors. The climate of an area is largely defined by its terrain, altitude, range of

temperature variation etc. The VN-ONN-2009/3 Block falls under the humid climate zone.

Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains

(July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter. The annual average rainfall is about

1,331 mm. Extreme temperatures are rare in Madhya Pradesh but still one can experience

every season here like summers with heat waves, winters with cold waves and monsoon with

heavy rainfall.

Seasons

The following are the well-defined seasons of the region:

Hot Dry summer : March-June

Monsoon : July- September

Post-monsoon : October- November

Winter : December- February

Meteorology data from the nearest IMD

station (150 kms from block) in Jabalpur

has been referred for analysis. Based on

the analysis of meteorological data of IMD

station at Jabalpur and data obtained from

the primary monitoring conducted at Hatta

town during Jan-Feb 2015 the temperature

profile, rainfall pattern relative humidity,

wind speed and wind direction of the

region have been discussed below and

shown in detail in Annex 3.

Temperature

Interpretation of IMD Station in Jabalpur

The temperature varies from place to place depending upon the altitude and other factors.

Winter sets on November and continues up to February. The coldest months are December

and January, but the degree of coldness varies from place to place due to variation of altitude.

The hottest months are April, May and June. During summer the maximum temperature goes

as high as 420c and during winter it drops to 100c. The average mean annual temperature of

Jabalpur districts headquarter is 29.60C.


SENES 52 ONGC

Interpretation of Primary Baseline Data

During the study period the maximum temperature ranged between 26.2˚C to 37.5˚C and the

minimum temperature ranged from 21.2˚C to 28.7˚C.

Relative Humidity


The mean of daily maximum and minimum Relative Humidity (RH) was recorded as 97%

and 19% respectively during the primary monitoring study.

Rainfall


The rainfall is quite high and is fairly well distributed throughout the year which encourages

growth of vegetation. Variation in rainfall from place to place is common within the Block

due to its varied topography and altitude. Most of the rainfall is received during monsoon.

Rains are received from south-west monsoon, predominantly. North-east monsoon also

contributes to winter season rain during January - February. The south-west monsoon starts

from June and continues up to September.


A total of 5.5 mm of rainfall was recorded during primary monitoring period. Five rainy days

were recorded. The hourly rainfall varied between 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm.

Wind Speed and Wind Direction

The wind speed and wind direction of an area influences the dispersal of pollutants from a

point and non-point sources. As the proposed drilling and testing activities involve the

operation of both point (DG sets) and non-point pollutant emissions sources, analysis of wind

speed and direction data is considered important for predicting the air quality impacts based

on pollutant dispersion.


The prevailing winds are usually of low velocity i.e. 1.5-4.5 m/s. Predominant wind direction

is from west followed by south.


Hourly micro-meteorological data collected during primary monitoring has been analyzed to

generate the wind rose. The predominant wind direction was observed as South for the study

period. The average wind speed for the study period was 1.3 m/s. The wind in the study

period blew at a speed of 0.03m/s to 7.47 m/s. About 43.36% of Calm frequency was

recorded. This period recorded winds mostly between 2.1 to 3.6m/s.

The wind rose diagram representing the wind direction and speed (blowing from) of winter

season is presented in Figures 3-1


SENES 53 ONGC

Calm 24.1%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

N

E

S

W

LEGEND

Wind Speed <2 m/s

Wind Speed 2.0 - 3.0 m/s



Wind Speed >6 m/s

Percentage Frequency of Wind

FIGURE 3-1: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM – WINTER SEASON

3.2.2 Ambient Air Quality

Primary monitoring of the ambient air quality was undertaken in lead area of the proposed

block to establish existing ambient air quality of the area. Location of the proposed wells,

access routes to the well sites, predominant wind direction etc. are important in selection of

the ambient air quality sampling stations as any gaseous and particulate emissions from the

project activities will disperse based on the wind directions and affect the receptors located at

that end. Thus the analyzed values for the pre project environment can be compared during

and after the project activities.

Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted in winter season (Jan-Mar) of 2015. As per

the ToR eight ambient air quality locations are to be selected and monitored for ambient air

quality. The eight ambient air quality monitoring stations are selected keeping in mind the

pre-dominant wind direction in the area, location of receptors, and accessibility to the

monitoring locations and security concerns of machine and personnel. The number of


SENES 54 ONGC

monitoring stations and parameters (PM10, SO2, NO2, methane hydrocarbon, non-methane

hydrocarbon, VOC) for monitoring were based on the approved ToR obtained from MoEF.

However, in addition samples for PM 2.5were also analyzed in each monitoring station. The

ambient air quality locations are shown in Figure 3-6. The concentrations of various

pollutants were processed for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, minimum

concentration, maximum concentration and percentile values. A summary of ambient air

quality results is presented in Table 3-1 and shown in detail in Annex 4.

Interpretation of Air Quality Results

Particulate Matter (PM 10): The average of 24 hourly PM10 at the monitoring locations ranged

between 70-107.7μg/m3 (Figure 3.2). The 98 percentile PM10 values of the stations ranged

between 88-134μg/m3. The average as well as 98 percentile PM10 concentrations at many

monitoring sites were observed not to be in compliance to the NAAQS (100 μg/m3). The

reason for a slight exceed of PM10 at some places might be the farming activities, movement

of cattles, tractors etc. The statistical results of PM10 levels at the monitoring stations are

presented in Table 3.1.

FIGURE 3-2: AVERAGE PM 10 VALUES AT THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

AQ 1 AQ 2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 AQ6 AQ7 AQ8

Co

nc.

µg/

m3

Monitoring Locations

Average values of PM10 monitored at alll eight locations

NAQQS PM10: 100µg/m3


SENES 55 ONGC

Particulate Matter (PM2.5): The average of 24 hourly PM 2.5 at the monitoring locations ranged

between 32.5-42 μg/m3 (Figure 3.3). The average and 98% values for PM2.5concentrations

were observed to be in compliance to the NAAQS (60 μg/m3) at all air quality monitoring

locations. Lowest average value was recorded at Luhari while the highest value was recorded at

Hatta town. The statistical results of PM2.5 levels at the monitoring stations have been

represented in Table 3.1.

FIGURE 3-3: AVERAGE PM 2.5 VALUES AT THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): The average NO2 values at the monitoring locations were observed in

the range of 20.6 to 25.9 μg/m3 (Refer Figure 3.4) while the 98 percentile values ranged

between 23.8 and 35.5 μg/m3. The average as well as the 98 percentile values complied with

the NAAQ standard(80 μg/m3) specified for nitrogen dioxide. Low values of NO2 can be

attributed to the primarily low vehicular density and less consumption of petroleum fuel as well

as no industrial activities, within the Block and its immediate surroundings. The concentration

values of nitrogen oxide representative of each sampling station have been provided in Table

3.1.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Co

nc.

µg/

m3


Average values of PM2.5 monitored at all eight locations

Mean


SENES 56 ONGC

FIGURE 3-4: AVERAGE NO2 VALUES AT THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sulfur dioxide (SO2): Average values of sulphur dioxide concentrations ranges between 11.3

and 15.8μg/m3while the 98 percentile values ranged between 14 and 21.1 μg/m3. A lowest

sulphur dioxide concentration was recorded at Chakarda mafi village (AQ 5) and highest in

Hatta town.The concentration of Sulphur dioxide was found well within the NAQQS standards.

Methane and Non- Methane Hydrocarbon: The values for methane hydrocarbons at the

sampling stations varied between 0.1 and 1.1PPM. The methane concentrations were “Below

the Detectable Limits” (BDL) at 3 locations. The Detection Limit (DL) is 0.01 PPM. Values of

non-methane hydrocarbon were varied between 0.05 and 0.4 PPM. The concentrations were

found BDL at 6 locations. The DL limit is 0.01 PPM. Low values non-methane hydrocarbon

can be attributed to the negligible consumption of petroleum fuel and industrial activities within

the Block whereas low concentration of methane hydrocarbon is due to absence of wetland and

paddy cultivation in the area.

Total Volatile Organic Carbon (TVOCs): Values of VOC at all the monitoring stations are

below detectable limit (DL is 5 μg/m3). The concentration values of methane, non-methane

hydrocarbon and Total VOC representative of each sampling station have been also provided

in Table 3.1.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Co

nc.

µg/

m3


Average and 98% values of NOx monitored in all eight

locations

Mean


SENES 57 ONGC

Photo 3.1: Air Monitoring at Luhari Village Photo 3.2: Air Monitoring at Hatta Town

Photo 3.3: Air Monitoring at Mankora Village Photo 3.4: Air Monitoring at Majhguwan Patol


SENES 58 ONGC

TABLE 3-1: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

Parameter Statistics

Luhari

Village

(AAQ-1)

Hatta

Town

(AAQ-2)

Mankora

Village

(AAQ-3)

Majhguwan

PatolVillage

(AAQ-4)

Chakarda

Mafi Village

(AAQ-5)

Haruda

Jamsa

Village

(AAQ-6)

Ghurata

Village

(AAQ-7)

Motha

Village

(AAQ-8)

PM10

(µg/m3)

Average 91.4 109.1 94 99.4 95.7 82.5 84.3 107.7

98 percentile 101.3 134 105.6 119.3 115.3 88 89.8 119.1

Max 102 136 106 120 116 88 90 120

Min 78 70 78.4 88 83 75 76 96

PM2.5

(µg/m3)

Average 32.5 42 35.3 38.6 41.7 30.7 33.2 39.6

Max 38.5 56 38.6 54 56 36.4 38 43.6

Min 27.6 32 29.6 32 34 25.8 26.5 35.4

SO2

(µg/m3)

Average 12.3 15.8 13.5 14.1 11.3 12.2 11.4 14

98 percentile 14.2 21.1 15 17.8 14 14.9 14.2 15.1

Max 14.2 21.5 15 18.2 14 15 14.2 15.2

Min 9.6 8.8 11.3 12 7 7 7 12.4

NO2

(µg/m3)

Average 21.1 25.6 24.9 24.8 20.6 23.2 21.8 25.9

98 percentile 24.2 35.5 26.9 27.5 23.8 27.8 26.8 27.9

Max 24.2 36.2 26.9 27.6 24 28 27 28

Min 12.6 10.5 20.2 22.6 17 13 13 23.2

HC as Methane PPM 0.5 1.1 BDL 0.4 BDL BDL 0.1 0.3

HC as Non-

Methane

PPM BDL 0.4 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05

VOC µg/m3 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

*Detection Limit for HC (CH4) 0.01ppm

**Detection Limit (NMHC) 0.01ppm

***Detection Limit (VOC) µg/m3 5 µg/m3


SENES 59 ONGC

3.2.3 Ambient Noise Quality

The ambient noise monitoring was conducted at 8 locations within the block area. Noise

stations were selected near to the proposed well locations and access roads to understand the

baseline noise levels that could be impacted upon by the proposed drilling activities at the

Block. Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements in dB (A) were recorded for every hour

continuously for 24 hours at 15 minutes interval for the monitoring stations1 and equivalent

noise levels in the form of Leq day and Leq night was computed. The results obtained were

compared with the standard specified in Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control), Rules

2000, (as amended). Detailed Noise monitoring results are shown in Annex 5.

Interpretation of Noise Quality Results

The day time and night time equivalent noise levels varied between 50.5 -58.6 dBA and 42.4-

45.3 dBA respectively. The day time equivalent noise levels at Hatta town had the highest

values whereas Motha village had the lowest amongst all stations. The national standards for

noise level in the residential areas during day time is 55 dBA (Please refer Figure 3-5).The

night time equivalent noise levels for all the monitoring stations were found to be in

compliance to the night time noise standards (45 dBA) prescribed for residential area except

at Hatta Town where night time noise level was marginally high (45.3 dBA).

Locations Area

category

Leq (D) NAAQS

(Day time

limit for

Residentia

l Area)

Leq (N) NAAQS

(night

time limit

for

Residentia

l Area)

N-1 Chakardha Mafi Village Residential 51.7 55 42.7 45

N-2 Luhari Village Residential 52.8 55 43 45

N3 Mankora Village Residential 53.3 55 44.4 45

N4 Hardua Jamsa Village Residential 51.1 55 44.5 45

N5 Majhguwan Patol Village Residential 52 55 42.8 45

N6 Hatta Town Residential 58.6 55 45.3 45

N7 Ghurata Village Residential 52 55 42.4 45

N8 Motha Village Residential 50.5 55 44.1 45

1Sound Level Meter: SL 4001, Lutron& SLM 100, EnvirotechCPL-4, 11


SENES 60 ONGC

FIGURE 3-5: DAY AND NIGHT TIME ( LEQ) NOISE LEVELS


SENES 61 ONGC

FIGURE 3-6:LOCATION OF AIR, NOISE, WATER, METEOROLOGY AND TRAFFIC MONITORING LOCATIONS WITHIN THE BLOCK


SENES 62 ONGC

3.2.4 Topography &Geology

Topography of Block

The VN-ONN-2009/3 block is located in Damoh and Chhatarpur Districts. The region has a

slope towards northwest. Topography the block is mostly flat with slightly undulations in

north region of the block. The elevation ranges from 348 meters to 499 meters towards in the

northern portion of the area. It reduces the elevation around 343 meters towards south east

direction where Vindhyan form escarpments. The area is lies in between the two plateau and

the clearly cut escarpment. The project area lies in the catchment area of river Ken, which

falls in the Ganga Basin. The major drainage within the block consists of Sonar River and its

tributaries such as Kopra River and Baink river. Sonar River is itself tributary of Ken River

and passes through the block. The flow of drainage within the area is towards north east and

north and thedrainage pattern is almost dendritic. (Source: Central Ground Water Board)

Regional Geology

The block is situated in the north western part of the Son Valley, a sub basin of Vindhyan

basin. Vindhyan basin is found by Great Boundary Fault (GBF) to the west to northwest.

Towards its south, this basin is bounded by southwest to north east trending Son Narmada

Lineament. Bundelkhand Massif separates the Vindhyan basin into two structural provinces;

western known as Chambal Valley and eastern known as Son Valley.

Stratigraphy of the area

The entire Vindhyan succession is having maximum thickness of 3 km and comprises mainly

sandstone, shale and limestone is assigned as the Vindhyan Supergroup. This supergroup is

further categorized into four subgroups as given in Table 3-2:

TABLE 3-2: STRATIGRAPHY OF VINDHYAN SUPERGROUP

Period Supergroup Subgroup

Proterozoic Vindhyan Bhander Group

Rewa

Semri

Kaimur


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FIGURE 3-7: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK

.


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3.2.5 Hydrogeology

The geological formation in the study area represents alluvium and deccan trap formation.

Alluvium formation consists of soft rock whereas deccan trap, lametas and vindhyans

formation indicates presence of hard rock. As mentioned in section 3.2.4, block VN-ONN-

2009/3 comes in vindhyan super group and consists of hard rock with unconfined aquifers.

The aquifer consists of sandstone, shale and limestone. The depth of ground water in the

proposed block varies from 5 to 20 m bgl in pre-monsoon season. During the post monsoon

season ground water level in the study area varies from 2 m -20 m bgl. Ground water level

map of the study area is shown in Figure 3-8 & Figure 3-9 (Source: District Groundwater

Booklet, Chhatarpur District, 2006).

Ground Water Resources

An annual replenishable ground water resource in Chhatarpur District is 948.41MCM. Net annual

ground water draft of the district is 536.10MCM.

3.2.6 Drainage

The study area falls in the catchment of Ken River. However, Ken River does not flow

through the block. Sonar Nadi, a tributary of Ken River flows through the block area.

Drainage system in the block, comprises by Kopra River, Baink River and various seasonal

drains. Kopra River is the nearest drainage channel to the well location R-HAT-C. The major

drainage channel within the block in Damoh district is Sonar River which flows from south

west to north east and drains into the Ken River outside the block area. The drainage map of

the study area is presented in Figure 3-10.


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FIGURE 3-8: GROUND WATER LEVEL IN PRE MONSOON SEASON


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FIGURE 3-9: GROUND WATER LEVEL IN POST MONSOON SEASON


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FIGURE 3-10: DRAINAGE MAP OF VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK


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3.2.7 Ground Water Quality

Primary source of potable water in the area is ground water. Hatta town is having piped water

facility which is abstracted from groundwater and stored in overhead tanks for supply. In

addition to that groundwater is also abstracted by dug well and tube well; however, same is

abstracted by a very limited number of dwellers. Primary monitoring of potable water quality

was considered important in order to understand the probable impacts of the proposed project

activities on the water used by the locals for drinking and other purposes. Potential pollution

of subsurface and unconfined aquifers may occur due to improper casing and cementing of

well leading to infiltration or seeping of drilling chemicals or mud into nearby aquifer.

Contamination of aquifers may also occur from disposal of drilling waste and mud in an

open/unpaved pit.

A monitoring network consisting of 5locations for potable water was selected and

representative sampling was carried out at each of the locations (Refer Figure 3-10) and the

detailed results of potable water analysis are presented in Table 3-3.

Ground Water Sampling Points

A total of 5nos. potable water samples collected from settlements within the Block and its

surrounding for analysis. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological

parameters and results compared with IS: 10500 drinking water standards to identify and

interpret any deviation in the statutory limits set for parameters under this standard.

Interpretation of Ground Water Quality Results

Primary monitoring of potable water quality was considered important in order to understand

the probable impacts of the proposed project activities viz. discharge of wastewater to

streamsor leakage of drilling mud and chemicals to the sub surface aquifer water used by the

locals as source for drinking and other purpose. Potential pollution of subsurface and

unconfined aquifers may occur due to improper casing and cementing of well leading to

infiltration or seeping of drilling chemicals or mud into nearby aquifer. The drilling activities

and discharge of wastewater, drilling mud of the drill sites may pollute the source of potable

water used by the locals. Contamination of aquifers may also occur from disposal of drilling

waste and mud in an open/unpaved pit.

A monitoring network consisting of 5 locations for ground water was selected and

representative sampling was carried out at each of the locations (Refer Figure 3-11) and the

detailed results of analysis are presented in Table 3-3.

Ground Water Sampling Points

A total of 5 nos. ground water samples were collected from dug well and deep tube wells.

Samples were taken from Majhguwan Patol, Hatta town, Luhari village, Ghurata village and

Haruda Jamsa village. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological


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parameters and results compared with IS: 10500 drinking water standards to identify and

interpret any deviation in the statutory limits set for parameters under this standard.

Interpretation of Potable Water Quality Results

Turbidity

Turbidity values in all sampled water found <1.0 NTU which shows that all the drinking

water sources ( mostly tube wells) meet the acceptable limits as per IS:10500.

Chlorides and Total Dissolved Solids

With respect to IS:10500 standards, acceptable limit of chloride is 250 mg/l while the

permissible limit of the said parameter (in absence of alternate source) is 1000 mg/l. At

concentration above 250 mg/l chlorides renders a salty taste to water.

The chloride concentration in the potable water samples of the study area villages have been

found to be well within the acceptable limits ranging from 29.2 mg/l (at GW 4- Ghurata

village) to maximum of 236 mg/l ( at Majhguwan Patol village).

The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in potable water is a measure of its

suitability for domestic use. TDS values at 500 mg/l or below is considered to be acceptable

for drinking being specified under IS:10500 drinking water standard. The TDS values for the

potable water samples analyzed found in the range of 594 mg/l (at GW4 Ghurata) 1346 mg/l

(at GW 1 Majhguwan Patol). TDS concentration in all the sample exceeds the acceptable

limits but well within the permissible limits.

Total Hardness

Hardness of water is considered to be an important parameter in determining the suitability of

water for domestic uses particularly washing. Hardness of water is correlated to the presence

of bivalent metallic ions viz. calcium and magnesium. Total hardness values for the potable

water samples analyzed is in the range of 66 mg/l (at GW 2, Hatta Town) to 740 mg/l

(Majhguwan Patol village) and were found to exceed the acceptable limit at all location

except at Hatta Town. However, value is within the permissible limits at all the locations.

Further as discussed above, the hardness values recorded at each potable water monitoring

station was found to be in correlation with the calcium and magnesium ions analyzed for such

samples. The concentration of calcium and magnesium ions was found to be within

acceptable limits specified for the aforesaid parameters as per IS:10500 standards.

Iron and Fluoride

Iron is considered to be an important potable water parameter since at higher concentration it

interferes with laundering operations and imparts objectionable stains. Iron concentration of

potable water samples collected from Ghurata village (0.42 mg/l) exceeded the acceptable

limit i.e. 0.3 mg/l as per drinking water standard. Rest of the samples were found to be well

within the acceptable limits. High iron content recorded in groundwater from Ghurata village

may be probably due to local geological features. Fluoride contents in the potable water


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samples were found to be within the permissible limits, although the sample collected from

Hatta town exceeds the acceptable limits.

Heavy Metals:

The monitoring results showed that the concentration of heavy metals (chromium, copper,

zinc, mercury, cadmium. lead, nickel, arsenic etc.) is within acceptable limit as per IS: 10500

standards.

Coliform

Coliform are indicators of contamination from sewage and faecal matter. Coliform were

found to be less than 2 MPN/100 ml in all the samples. Total coliforms comprise bacterial

species of fecal origin as well as other bacterial groups commonly occurring in soil. The

coliforms are indicative of general hygienic quality of the water and potential risk of

infectious diseases from water.

Sources of Total and Fecal Coliform in groundwater can include: (1) Agricultural runoff; (2)

Effluent from septic systems or sewage discharges and (3) Infiltration of domestic or wild

animal fecal matter. Poor maintenance and construction (particularly shallow dug wells) can

also increase the risk of bacteria and other harmful organisms getting into a well water

supply.

Photo 3.5: Potable water sampling at Majhguwan

Patol Photo 3.6: Potable water sampling at Hatta town


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Photo3.7: Potable water sampling at Luhari village Photo 3.8: Potable water sampling at Ghurata

village

Photo 3.9: Water sampling at Haruda Jamsa


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TABLE 3-3: GROUND WATER MONITORING RESULTS

S.

N

Water Quality

Parameter

Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

Majhguwan

Patol

GW1

Hatta Town

GW-2

Luhari

GW-3

Ghurata

GW-4

Haruda

Jamsa

GW-5

1 Colour, Hazen units 5 15 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

2 Turbidity in (N.T.U) 1 5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

3 pH, at 25°C 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 7.34 7.21 7.46 7.31 7.38

4 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

5 TDS, mg/l 500 2000 1346 670 778 594 1072

6 Total Hardness (as

CACO3, mg/l

200 600 740 66 336 351 326.3

7 Total Alkalinity (as

CaCO3),mg/l

200 600 346 400 379 323 397.4

8 Calcium (as Ca), mg/l 75 200 155.5 16.8 78.5 73 73

9 Chloride (as Cl), mg/l 250 1000 236 59.3 158.3 29.2 167.2

10 Fluoride (as F), mg/l 1 1.5 0.6 1.13 0.9 0.2 0.8

11 Magnesium (as

Mg),mg/l 30 100 85.3 5.83 34 41 35

12 Phenolic compound (as

C6H5OH), mg/l

0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

13 Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l 45 No relaxation 1.21 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.12

14 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l 200 400 158 69.1 53 14 169.5

15 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

16 Chloramine( as cl2),

mg/l 4 No relaxation <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

17 Mineral oil, mg/L 0.5 max No relaxation Not Detected

(DL-0.01 mg/l)

Not Detected

(DL-0.01

mg/L)

Not Detected

(DL-0.01

mg/L)

Not Detected

(DL-0.01

mg/L)

Not Detected

(DL-0.01

mg/L)

18 Residual 0.2 1 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2


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S.

N

Water Quality

Parameter

Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

Majhguwan

Patol

GW1

Hatta Town

GW-2

Luhari

GW-3

Ghurata

GW-4

Haruda

Jamsa

GW-5

Chlorine(asCl2),mg/l

19 Ammonia (as total

ammonia-N), mg/l

0.5 No relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

20 Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l 0.05 No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

21 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l 0.05 No relaxation

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

22 Anionic detergents (as

MBAS), mg/l

0.2 1

<0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

23 Iron (as Fe) ,mg/l 0.3 No relaxation 0.11 <1.0 <1.0 0.42 <1.0

24 Copper (as cu), mg/l 0.05 15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

25 Zinc (as Zn), mg/l 5 15 1.2 0.56 2.33 0.17 0.06

26 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l 0.003 No relaxation <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

27 Lead (as Pb), mg/l 0.01 No relaxation <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

28 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l 0.001 No relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

29 Arsenic (as As), mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

30 Nickel (as Ni), mg/l 0.02 No relaxation <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01

31 Chromium (as Cr), mg/l 0.05 No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

32 Manganese (as Mn),

mg/l

0.1 0.3

<0.05 <0.05 0.07 <0.05 <0.05

33 Silver (asAg), mg/l 0.1 No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

34 Barium (as Ba ),mg/l 0.7 No relaxation 0.08 <0.06 0.38 <0.06 <0.06

35 Selenium (as Se), mg/l 0.01 No relaxation <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

36 Total Coliform

(MPN/100ml)

ND No relaxation Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

37 E.coli (MPN/100ml) ND No relaxation Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent


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FIGURE 3-11: LOCATION OF GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER AND SOIL MONITORING LOCATIONS WITHIN THE BLOCK


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3.2.8 Surface water quality

Primary monitoring of surface water quality was given importance during scoping of the EIA

study as the effluent generated during the exploratory and appraisal well drilling operations

are likely to be discharged to nearby surface water bodies/natural drainage channels/rivers

after ensuring that it meets prescribed norms of CPCB.

Surface water samples were collected from five surface water sampling locations. Location of

proposed wells, micro &macro- water shed as well as surface water channel those are likely

to be impacted from the discharge that may occur from proposed well sites. The well site R-

HAT-C is located within the micro-watershed of Kopra River therefore sample from Kopra

river has also been taken in addition to Sonar River for analysis. Kopra River is tributary of

Sonar River and it merges with the Sonar River near Pipariya village.

Water sampling and analysis2 was done following CPCB standard guidelines for physical,

chemical and bacteriological parameters. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure 3-11.

Surface Water Sampling Points

Surface water samples were collected from all major water channels of the study area i.e.

upstream and downstream of Sonar River , Kopra river near Piparia, Confluence of Sonar and

Kopra at Pipariya and Sonar River at Sitanagar to get an overview of the surface water

quality of the study area. Surface water quality was finally assessed against water quality

criteria as per CPCB guidelines for water resources. Results of surface water samples have

been discussed below.

Interpretation of Surface Water Quality Results

The pH of all analyzed surface water samples found to be slightly alkaline in nature and

varied from 7.24 to 7.42. The temperature of water samples was recorded at the time of

sampling was between 180 and 190 C. The dissolved solids content varied between 274 to 344

mg/l while the electrical conductivity varied from 411-500 μS/cm. from SW3 (downstream of

Sonar River near Hatta town) while rest of the samples were found to be <5 mg/l.

The DO levels exhibited values ranging from 3 to 6.1 mg/l indicating favorable conditions for

the growth and reproduction of normal population of fish and other aquatic organisms in

upstream of Sonar River. As the surface water sources are not used by the locals for drinking

purposes and mostly the river/stream water exclusively is being used for irrigation purposes,

the water quality is compared with the CPCB prescribed water quality criteria- Class- E

(Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled waste disposal). Class- E does not have any criteria

for DO or BOD. The DO level from all the stations even meet the standard of Class-C (

Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection). The CPCB water

quality criteria for designated best use classes have been shon in Annex 6.

2http://www.cpcb.nic.in/latest/guidelines-water.doc


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BOD values in all the surface water samples were ranged between 2.8 mg/l and 12 mg/l. The

maximum value (12 mg/l) recorded from SW3 (downstream of Sonar River at Hatta Town).

Sodium Absorption Ratio varied between 0.4and 0.61. Free ammonia content ranged between

<0.5 and 1.6 mg/l., whereas boron contents of all the samples were found to be less than 0.1

mg/l.

The total Coliform was varied between 23 MPN/100 ml to 1600 MPN/100 ml. Although

there is no standard for total coliform for class- E category, but the standard of coliform for

Class-C category water is 5000 MPN/100ml. The presence of oil and grease content in all

surface water sources was found to be negligible (between <0.5 and 0.62 mg/l). Heavy metal

concentrations such as Mercury ( <0.001mg/l in all samples), Lead (<0.005 mg/l in all

samples), Hexavalent Chromium( <0.03 mg/l in all samples), Copper (<0.05 mg/l in all

samples) and Nickel ( <0.005 mg/l in all samples) found to be negligible and well below the

WHO guideline values.

Detailed surface water analysis results have been provided at Table 3-4. After analysis it is

found that surface water is suitable for irrigation purpose.

TABLE 3-4: SURFACE WATER QUALITY RESULTS

S.

N

Water Quality

Parameter

SW1

Tribut

ary of

Kopra

River

near

Manko

ra

SW2

Upstre

am

Sonar

River

at

Garia

SW3

Sonar

River

Downst

ream

Near

Hatta

SW4

Sonar

River

Sitanagar

SW 5

Kopra

River

Piparia

Surface

water

quality

standards

, Class E

(as per IS

2296,

1992

(Max)

1 Conductivity at 25°C,

μS/cm

411 500 419 472 422 2250

2 Temperature°C 19 19 19 18 18 None

3 Total suspended

solids, mg/l

5.4 6.2 15.4 7.4 8.1 None

4 Total Dissolved

solids, mg/l

274 344 285 311 284 2100

5 Dissolved

Oxygen,mg/l

6.1 5.4 3 3.4 3.6 None

6 BOD (For 3 Days at

27°C), mg/l

2.8 3.5 12 8 9 None

7 Chemical oxygen

Demand, mg/l

8.4 12 32 25.4 25.5 None

8 Ammonia (as NH3),

mg/l

<0.5 0.73 1.6 <0.5 0.5 None

9 Chloride (as Cl), mg/l 18.5 17.5 33 25.3 21.4 600

10 Sulphate (as SO4),

mg/l

22.4 41.4 17.5 41.7 24 1000

11 Total Phosphate (as

PO4), mg/l

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 None

12 Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 None


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13 Fluoride (as F), mg/l <0.1 0.32 0.36 1.3 0.75 None

14 Iron (as Fe), mg/l <0.1 0.16 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 None

15 Copper (as cu), mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 None

16 Lead (as Pb) , mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 None

17 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 None

18 Boron (as B), mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2

19 Chromium (as Cr),

mg/l

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 None

20 Phenol (as C6H5OH),

mg/l

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 None

21 Total coliform,

MPN/100ml

23 23 1600 240 500 None

22 Oil and grease, mg/l <0.5 <0.5 0.62 <0.5 <0.5 None

23 Hexavalent

Chromium (as cr+6),

mg/l

<0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 None

24 Nickel (as Ni), mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 None

25 pH, at 25°C 7.28 7.42 7.24 7.32 7.31 6.5-8.5

26 Sodium Absorption

ratio

0.4 0.61 0.5 0.51 0.43 26

27 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 None

Photo 3.10: Surface water sampling from Kopra River

Photo 3.11: Surface water sampling from Sonar River

at Sitanagar


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3.2.9 Land-Use and Land Cover

The land-use and land-cover of the Block has been interpreted from the, toposheet of the

area, and subsequently by ground truthing during field surveys. The study area land use

shows that majority of the land within the Block (62.72%) is agricultural land. Rivers and

drains comprise of 2.28 % of the total Block area. Forest areas are near 31.8 % of the total

Block area. however, all the forest area is outside of lead area. Settlements comprise of 1.82

% of the total Block area. Road network including State Highway and other small roads

comprise of 0.05 % of the total Block.

The percentage distribution land use categories have been shown in Figure 3-12 and the land

use map is presented in Figure 3-13.

Photo 3.12: Surface water sampling from Sonar River Downstream near Hatta


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FIGURE 3-12: PERCENTAGE LAND USE-LAND COVER DISTRIBUTION OF VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK

2%

31%

2%2%

0%

63%

Residential Forest Open Scrub Water Bodies Roads Agricultural Land


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FIGURE 3-13: LAND USE LAND COVER MAP OF VN-ONN-2009/3 BLOCK


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3.2.10 Soil Quality

To find out the soil texure and availability of nutrients in the soil, soil samples were collected

from the block area, during winter season. Soil sampling locations along with type of area

and detailed analysis results depicting physico-chemical characteristics of soil in

representative locations within the study area are given in Tables 3-5.

TABLE 3-5 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Code Sampling Location Type of Area

S -1 Majhguwan Patol Agricultural land

S – 2 Luharil Agricultural land

S – 3 Khachna Naka, Hatta Town Agricultural land

S – 4 Ghurata Agricultural land

S- 5 Hurdua Jamsa Agricultural land

Map showing soil sampling locations within the block is given in Figure 3-11.

Interpretation of soil sample analysis

From the texture point of view, the soil from 4 locations out of 5, are found to be clayey in

nature, having good capacity for adsorption and retention of water and plant nutrients.

Therefore, it is suitable for agriculture and plantation. The soil sampled from Ghurata village

(S-4) shows that the soil has more silt than clay and the texture of the soil is silty clay loam in

nature.

The pH value of the sampled soil was found in between 7.73 and 8.14. It shows that the soil

is alkaline in nature. The pH of soil is directly related to plant growth, because soil acidity or

alkalinity directly affects plant growth. Electrical conductivity is used to estimate the soluble

salt concentration in soil, and is commonly used as a measure of salinity. The EC value for

soil ranges from 258 to 378 micro-siemens/cm. The soil samples revealed moderate available

nitrogen content (111.8 to 406 mg/kg). Heavy metals viz. iron, copper, zinc and manganese

are important soil micronutrients being considered essential for the normal growth of plants.

Deficiencies of micronutrient drastically affect the plant growth and metabolism. Iron varies

from 28801.4 to 41484.5 mg/kg., whereas the concentrations of copper ranges from 27.1 to

33 mg/kg; zinc ranges from 38.6 to 50.3 mg/kg and manganese ranges from 306 to 913.7

mg/kg. The sodium hazard of soil usually is expressed as the Sodium Adsorption Ratio

(SAR). The SAR value in the soil samples range from 1.8 to 3.4. Soil with high levels of

exchangeable sodium may cause dispersion of soil particles leading to the replacement of

major cations (calcium and magnesium) adsorbed on the soil. This could possibly lead to

deterioration of soil structures and water infiltration problems. The detailed soil analysis

results have been provided at Table 3-6.


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TABLE 3-6: SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sl

No

Parameters Standard S-1 S2 S3 S4 S5

1 pH ( 40%slurry) IS-2720 part-26 7.74 7.78 7.73 8.14 7.86

2

Electrical

Conductivity(50% Slurry

), (μs/cm)

IS-14767 258 328 266 378 350

3 Sand (w/w) IARI 19 18 19 22 18

4 Silt (%w/w) IARI 27 25 29 40 27

5 Clay (%w/w) IARI 54 57 52 38 55

6

Texture IARI Clay

Loam

Clay

Loam

Clay

Loa

m

Silty

clay

loam

Clay

Loam

7

Sodium Absorption ratio Lab SOP No-24

(Section-3) 2.24 3.4 1.8 2.86 3.26

8

Sodium ( mg/kg) Lab SOP No-24

(Section-3) 63.1 134.6 39.5 78.6 98.4

9

Available Potassium (

mg/kg)

Lab SOP No-24

(Section-5) 230.8 162

239.

2 129.4 142.8

10 Porosity ( %w/w) IARI 36 32 40 48 36

11 Lead (mg/kg) USEPA 3050B 16.6 17.6 11.5 15.8 10.6

12

Iron (mg/kg)

USEPA 3050B

41484

.5

35942

.2

288

01.4 29642 31736

13 Copper ( mg/kg) IS-2720 part-22 33 31 27.4 27.1 32.5

14 Zinc (mg/kg) USEPA 3050 B 40 41 39.2 38.6 50.3

15

Manganese (mg/kg)

USEPA 3050 B 913.7 644.6

685.

2 348.6 306

16

Infiltration Rate

(mm/hour) FAO Annex. 2 9.3 8.4 10.3 18.6 9

17 Bulk Density,gm/cc IARI 1.47 1.42 1.41 1.4 1.37

18 Organic matter (%w/w) IS-2720 part-22 0.94 0.572 0.9 0.72 0.86

19 Organic Carbon, (%w/w) IS-2720 part-22 0.546 0.332

0.51

8 0.42 0.5

20

Available Nitrogen

(mg/Kg) IS-14684 111.8 181.7 166 406 209.4

21

Available Phosphorous

(mg/Kg) IS-10158 12 15.3 18 10 17

22 Moisture Content(%w/w) IS -2720 (Part-2) 16.2 15.7 14.3 10 11.6

23

Chloride ( mg/kg) Lab SOP No-24

(Section-18) 74.2 94.5 74.5 116.1 232.7

24 Sulphate ( mg/kg) ICARDA 16.3 23.1 11.7 9 11.1

25

Magnesium ( mg/kg) Lab SOP No-24

(Section-12 &13) 83.5 28.4 112 42 64

26 Boron (mg/Kg) ICARDA 19.2 19 17.4 20.3 18.8

27 Total Alkalinity (meq/kg) Lab SOP No-56 492 411.2 564 496 424

28 Calcium [as Ca], (mg/kg) Lab SOP No-24 229.5 249.7

184.

5 141.8 106.6

29

Acidity [as CaCO3],

(mg/kg)

APHA 21st Edn.

2310 B <20 <20

<20.

0 <20 <20.0


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Sl

No

Parameters Standard S-1 S2 S3 S4 S5

30

Sodium [as NaCl], (mg/kg) Lab SOP No-24

(Section-9) 160.3 342

100.

4 199.6 250

31 Specific Gravity, (gm/cc) IARI 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.48 1.42

32

Sodium Carbonate,

(mg/kg) IARI 145.5 310.2 91 181.1 226.7

3.2.11 Transport and Traffic

There are three major roads within the Block area. One of the major roads is SH-49 passing

through the block and connecting Damoh district with the Panna district. Another major road

is SH-37 passes through the south west portion of the block and connects Damoh with the

NH-86. Besides, SH-51 also passes through Hatta town and goes to Batia garh.

To assess the traffic movement within block, traffic density was recorded at three (03)

locations as per details given in Table 3-7 and shown in Figure 3-12.

TABLE 3-7 DETAILS OF TRAFFIC SURVEY LOCATION

S.

No.

Monitoring

locations

Location

Code

Coordinates

(Latitude/Longitude)

Description

1 On SH 51 T1

240 07.672’ N; 790

35.531’ E

Road Connecting Hatta

town to Batiagarh

2 On SH-49

T2

240 06.988’N; 790

35.599’E

Damoh- Hatta State

Highway

3 On SH-37

T3

240 7.409’N; 790 36.285’

E

Hatta Town to Patera Road

The traffic count was monitored continuously for 24 hours during the study period at these

locations. Traffic survey was conducted for vehicles categorized into heavy vehicles (truck,

bus, trailer, lorries, etc.), four wheelers (car, matador, jeep, etc.), three wheelers & two

wheelers (auto, tempo, motorcycle, etc.) and Non Motorised Vehicle (Bi-cycle, bullock carts

etc). The traffic survey analysis results are provided in Table 3-8. Detailed traffic survey

result is given in Annex 7.

TABLE 3-8 TRAFFIC MONITORING RESULTS

Traffic Stations

Non

Motorized

Vehicle

Two &

Three

Wheeler

(nos.)

Light

Vehicles

(nos.)

Heavy

Vehicles

(nos.)

Total

(nos.)

SH-51 15

(1.4%)

453

(42.45%)

300

(28.11%)

299

(28.02%) 1067

SH-49 26 460 509 397 1382


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Traffic Stations

Non

Motorized

Vehicle

Two &

Three

Wheeler

(nos.)

Light

Vehicles

(nos.)

Heavy

Vehicles

(nos.)

Total

(nos.)

(1.88%) (33.28%) (36.83%) (28.72%)

SH-37 25

(2.32%)

379

(35.22%)

405

(37.63%)

257

(23.88%) 1076

Interpretation of Traffic Survey Results

Movement of Two & Three wheelers (a total of 453, comprising 42 %) was recorded

high in comparison to other category of vehicles on SH-51.The maximum movement

of vehicles were recorded during 12 PM till 6 PM

Movements of four wheelers (light vehicles) were recorded higher in numbers (509)

with 37% of total vehicular movement on Damoh-Hatta State Highway (SH-49). The

maximum numbers were recorded during 12 PM to 6 PM.

The highest number of vehicles was recorded from Light Vehicles/four wheeler on

SH-37 ( Hatta Town to Patera Road). The contribution of these vehicles was 38%

with a total number of 405 out of 1076. The maximum plying of Four wheelers

although recorded during 12 PM till 6 PM but total vehicular movement was recorded

during 6AM to 12 PM on this road.

3.2.12 Natural Hazards

A natural disaster during the life cycle of the

project can have a significant effect on the

functioning of the project in addition to

affecting the local environment in the area and

stressing the availability of resources for the

project. Such disasters also sometimes create

difficulties in access through disruption of

transportation links.

Seismicity & Earthquakes

The study area is located in Zone III as shown in

the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2000

seismic zone map for India (refer Figure 3-14).

Zone III is defined as region which might

encounter earthquakes of intensity VII (MSK).

Earthquake on 02nd June 1927 in Umaria area was the largest earthquake of in Madhya

Pradesh. The magnitude was recorded as 6.4. it was deep seated event and was felt at

Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.

[Source : Amateur Seismic Centre www.asc-india.org]

FIGURE 3-14: SEISMIC ZONE MAP OF

INDIA

http://www.asc-india.org/


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Floods &Flash Flood

Floods are common in Damoh and Chhatarpur district because of basin of major rivers such

as Ken and Sonar river. On 5th July 2005, Damoh, Chhatarpur and other districts of north

eastern part of Madhya Pradesh were badly affected by flash floods triggered by heavy rains

[source: infochangedisaster www.infochangeindia.org]. Due to heavy rain, all the major rivers

including Ken and Sonar were overflowing. As reported by the villagers residing near the

Kopra river, settlements near the river and various seasonal drains got affected by water

logging. The main causes of flash floods in the area are:

Obstruction in drainage system due to heavy rainfall

Increase in siltation in riverbeds due to erosion in the catchment areas.

Change of river course because of poor natural drainage system.

Risk of flash flood is associated with heavy rainfall particularly in the monsoon months (from

June to September).

3.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The primary objectives of the biological environment study are:

To assess the vegetation types

To identify common flora & fauna in the study area

To find out rare and endangered floral and faunal species

To evaluate wildlife habitat of the area and assess impact of the proposed project on

wildlife & their habitats.

To assess impact of the proposed project on agriculture and domestic livestock.

The ecological survey has been done to establish the baseline biological environment

conditions of the study area (area within the proposed block), which will enable us to identify,

predict and analyze the potential negative impacts on the local ecological condition from the

proposed project. And further, to develop adequate and feasible mitigation measures (via inputs

to project design and layout, working practices, or compensate where appropriate) to keep

residual ecological impacts with acceptable limits, and also to develop ecological monitoring

and audit.

3.3.1 Methodology

Desktop Review and Reconnaissance visit and Primary Survey

A desktop review (forest working plan and other published document etc.) was conducted to

determine the forest area (Toposheet and Satellite imagery), vegetation type (Champion and

Seth, 1962), floral and faunal assemblage in the study area. A site reconnaissance visit and

primary survey was conducted to identify different ecological habitats, sensitive ecological

habitat and also to identify the targeted study area for baseline survey.


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3.3.2 Habitat assessment

The information of prevailing baseline in project site is important because project related

activities might lead to loss of the ecological resources, if existing.

The proposed project site in M.P state lies within the biogeographic province-6A, Deccan

Peninsula- Central Highlands, (Rodgers, Panwar & Mathur, 2002).The biogeographic

province map is shown in Figure 3-14.

There are total five Reserved Forests (RF) such as Shahpura RF, Bhensdo RF, Sakari RF,

Chopara RF, Karkuhi RF and one Protected Forest (PF) Ghorakuhi P.F located within the

allotted block area (1250 sq km). As it is mentioned earlier that, it is proposed to explore the

oil potential at one location (R-Hat-A) besides other 3 oil well proposed to be drilled. It is

noteworthy, to mention no forest area fall within the 10 km radius of the any of the proposed

drill locations. The distance of all the forested areas is located between 18 to 20 km (aerial

distance) from the proposed drilling site. Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary is located at 42 km

from the proposed oil well. The other protected areas namely Ken Gharial WLS, Panna

(Gangau) WLS and Veerangna WLS are located at distances of 58 km, 43 km and 54 km

respectively. The protected map of Madhya Pradesh is shown in Figure 3-15.

FIGURE 3-15 MAP SHOWING BIOGEOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF INDIA

The overall habitat in Project area is generally degraded. Good quality habitat is confined to a

few patches of the Reserved Forest areas only. The Settlements are located in and around the

Reserved Forests and as a normal practice, dependence on forest produce such as

grass/sedges, fuel wood from these forests are being used by the local villagers. Human


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pressure such as cattle grazing, forest fires and fuel wood collection are the major reasons for

the degradation/fragmentation of wildlife habitats in these forest areas. The working plan of

Damoh Forest division has also mentioned on the rampant cattle grazing, forest fire,

dependence of its timber as well as fuel wood by the local villagers as the major reasons for

the degraded/depleted forests.

FIGURE 3-16 MAP SHOWING THE PAS OF MADHYA PRADESH

3.3.3 Terrestrial Ecosystem

Forest types

The forest type of this region is mainly 5A/C3- Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest and

mostly dominated by teak. During the primary survey and as per the working plan of Damoh

Forest Division, the most of the vegetation of these forests are found to be mixed type.

During the floristic survey in and around the project area, efforts were limited to identify the

vascular plants.

Most of the RFs and PF of this block are found to be open mixed type of forests. Sakari RF

was found to be dense mixed and Shahpura and Karkuhi RFs were found to be fairly dense


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mixed type of vegetation cover. The tree species which were identified from the forest areas

such as Tectona grandis (sagwan), Terminalia tomentosa (Saj), Boswellia serrata ( Salai)e,

Lagerstroemia parviflora( seja/Lendia /Senha), Adina cordifolia ( haldu), Delbergia latifolia

( shisham), Acacia leucophloea ( reunjha), Madhuca indica ( mahwa), Albizzia procera (

safed shirish), Acacia nilotica ( babool), Pterocarpus marsupium ( bija sal), Terminalia

belerica ( behera), Butea monosperma ( palash), Azadirachta indica ( neem), Diospyros

melanoxylon ( tendu), Grewia tillafolia ( dhaman), Anogeissus latifolia (dhawra), Dalbergia

paniculata (dhobin), Syzygium cuimini ( jamun), Acacia catechu (khair), Terminalia arjuna

(arjun), Mangifera indica ( aam), Tamarindus indica (imli), Nyctanthes arbortristis (

harshingar), Cassia fistula ( amaltash), Holarrhena antidysentrica ( doodhi), Zizophus jujuba (

ber), Bauhinia variegata ( kachnar), Bauhinia purpurea ( kewlar). The shrubs were mostly

Adhatoda vasica (adusa), Calotropis procera ( aak), Colebrookia oppositifolia ( kalabasa),

Carissa sp ( karounda), Ricinus Communis ( errand), Zizyphus nummularia ( jhadneri),

Ocimum Sanctum ( van tulsi), Vitex negundo (nirgudi), Woodfordia fruticosa (dhabai),

Cassia tora (pawar/chakauda), Ipomea batata (besharam), Lantana camara ( lantana) etc. The

herbs and climbers were recorded from the reserved forest and private forest areas were

Achyranthes aspera ( apamarg), Tribulus terrestris ( gokhru), Xanthium strumarium (

godhru), Andrographis paniculata ( chireta), Solanum nigrum ( bhatkatiya), Sida acuta,

Eclipta prostrata ( bhringraaj), Euphorbia hirta, Abrus precatorious ( Gunja), Mucuna prurita

(kiwanch), Dioscorea sp ( bechandi), Bauhinia vahlii ( mahul), Mimosa pudica etc.

Grass/sedges species such as Saccharum spontaneum (kaans), Desmostachya bipinnata (

kush), Heteropogon contortus (kusul), Vetivania zizanioides (khas), Themeda guadrivalvis (

gunher), Aristida setaceae ( jhani), Cynodon dactylon ( doob), Thysanolaena maxima ( phool

bahari), Arundo donax, Eragrostis sp, Dichanthium annulatum (bhubel), Erianthus munja (

munj), Pennisetum hohenackeri (moya), Cymbopogon martini (rusa), Eulaliopsis binata (

sabai) were found all over the forest areas and also these resources attract numerous cattles to

graze on. From the primary survey and subsequent literature survey, no threatened, rare or

endangered plant species is found in the project study area.

Non-Forest Vegetation

According to the Forest Survey of India, non-forest area includes all area outside the

traditional/notified reserve and protected area. Trees available in the non-forest area is

classified into eight categories for the purpose of data processing and analysis, which are

farm forest, roadside plantation, village woodlot, block plantation, pond side plantation,

railway side plantation, canal side plantation and others which do not fall in any of the above

categories. Tree species in these sites are mostly planted and few are natural. The proposed

exploration block area exhibits presence of the following type of nonforest vegetation:

Farm Forest

Trees along farm bunds and small patches of homestead land at various villages are noticed.

Few dominant species recorded along the farm bunds are Neem (Azadirachta indica), Sissoo

(Dalbergia Sissoo), Babool (Acacia nilotica),Acacia leucophloea (Reunjha), Acacia


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auriculiformis, Jamun (Syzygium cumini) etc. Extensive growth of shrubs, herbs and

grass.were recorded in forest areas, wasteland and non-cultivated land. These act as suitable

habitats for avifauna and hideout for small carnivores. The herbaceous and grasses also

attract the cattle of this areas for rampant grazing.

Village Woodlot

Village woodlots are naturally or planted trees on community or private land. Planted trees

recorded in village woodlot are Eucalyptus sp Mango (Mangifera indica), Sissoo (Dalbergia

sissoo), Mahua (Madhua indica), Ficus religiosa ( Pipal), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Bakain

(Melia azaderach), Imli (Tamarinda indica), Bamboo sp etc. These trees provide fruits,

timbers and source of income to locals.

FIGURE 3-17 A VILLAGE WOODLOT

Road side plantation

Trees are noticed along village road and state highway connecting to the site. Thick lustrous

leaves with dense canopy leaning over the road were commonly noticed. These trees provide

foraging, nesting and movement corridor for birds and small mammals. Higher frequency of

Mahua (Madhua indica), Aam (Mangifera indica), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Neem

(Azadirachta indica), Kala sirish (Albizzia lebback), Bakain (Melia azaderach), etc. are

recorded.

3.3.4 Regional ecological resources utilization analysis

The principal crops are Rice, Wheat, Jowar and some varieties of coarse millet. Villagers

mostly depend on surrounding open scattered scrubs and other forested areas to meet their

fuel wood and fodder need. They have also grown multipurpose trees species such as Acacia

nilotica, Acacia leucophloea, Saccharum spontaneum (kaans), Heteropogon contortus

(kusul), Themeda quadrivalvis ( gunher), Aristida setaceae ( jhani), Cynodon dactylon (

doob), Eragrostis sp, Erianthus munja ( munj), Pennisetum hohenackeri ( moya),to meet


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fodder for goat and sheep and fuel wood demand. From the grass species such as

Thysanolaena maxima ( phool bahari), Desmostachya bipinnata ( kush), Vetivania

zizanioides ( khas), Arundo donax, Eulaliopsis binate ( sabai), the villagers are getting

maximum benefit from its economic values.

Excessive removal of grasses, sedges, and herbs/shrubs is common in the area. Rampant

gazing and browsing was observed in entire study area The major reason for the rampant

grazing in those areas is the shrinking of pasturelands in the village common lands due to

changed land-use pattern. As far as collection and uses of the medicinal plants are concerned,

the locals do not practice any kind of traditional system of health care.

FIGURE 3-18 CULTIVARS OF THIS REGION

Fauna

A walk through survey was carried out in the study area to have idea about the faunal

distribution in the project site and its vicinity to the site. Besides, dialogues with the local

villagers and forest officials were also made to know the presence and movement of animals

in the forested areas as well as if at all any animal sneaks into village/settlements in search of

food/prey.

Mammals

During the primary survey, species such as Common Langur, Rhesus macaque, Jackal,

Common Mongoose were sighted around the forested areas. The herbivores such as Nilgai

were also recorded during this survey. Dialogue with the local villagers and forest officials

had confirmed the presence of striped hyeana, Common Indian Porcupine, Common Indian

hare, wild boar in these forested areas.

Avifauna

The mostly common bird species found in the block area are given in Table 3-9. No rare or

endangered bird species is reported to occur in the study area.


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TABLE 3-9 LIST OF COMMON AVIFAUNA RECORDED FROM THE STUDY AREA

S.N Scientific Name Common Name Local

Statu

s

Site Study

Area

Wildlife

Schedule

1 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna A + + IV

2 Athene brama Spotted Owlet S + IV

3 Columba livia Rock Pigeon C + IV

4 Copsychus saularis Magpie Robin S + IV

5 Corvus splendens House Crow A + + V

6 Cuculus canorus Cuckoo C + IV

7 Dicrurous adsimilis Drongo A + + IV

8 Eudynamys scolopacea Koel C + IV

9 Merops orientalis Green Bee Eater C + + IV

10 Milvus migrans Pariah Kite C + IV

11 Passer domesticus House Sparrow A + IV

12 Psittacula krameri Roseringed Parakeet C + + IV

13 Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul A + IV

14 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove A + IV

15 Sturnus contra Pied Myna C + + IV

16 Upupa epops Hoopoe S + IV

17 Corcias benghalensis Indian roller S + IV

18 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret S + IV

19 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron S + IV

20 Francolinus

pondicerianus

Gray partridge C + + IV

21 Cotuenix Coturnix Common or gray

quail

C + + IV

22 Francolinus Poctus Painted Patridge C + + IV

23 Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing C + + IV

24 Eudynamys

scolopaceae

Asian Koel S + IV

25 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal C + + IV

26 Apus affinis House swift

27 Alcedo atthis Common king fisher C + + IV

28 Pericrocotus

cinnamomeus

Small minivet S + IV

29 Turdoides caudatus Common babbler A + + IV

30 Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler A + + IV

31 Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed swallow C + + IV

32 Lanius collurio Red-backed shrike S + + IV

33 Acridotheres fuscus Jungle Myna C + + IV

34 Microcarbo niger Little Cormorant C + + IV

[A= Abundant, C = Common, S = Sporadic]

[+= Recorded ]


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Reptiles

Garden lizards and gecko were found within the extensive growth of bushes. Table 3-10

gives list of reptiles recorded from the field survey and secondary information. Although no

information on the reptiles are described in the Forest Working Plan, but dialogue with the

local villagers do confirm the presence of poisonous , non-poisonous snakes and other

reptilian species in this region. These include the cobra, common Krait, Russell’s viper ,

monitor lizard.

The agriculture field in the study area provides an ideal habitat for many snakes and other

reptiles.

TABLE 3-10: LIST OF REPTILIAN SPECIES SIGHTED ALONG PROPOSED PROJECT

S.No Common Name Scientific Name

1 Garden lizard Calotes versicolor

2 House gecko Hemidactylus flavioirdis

3 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus

3.3.5 Aquatic Ecosystem

Sonar river flows at a distance of 1 km away from the proposed explored oil wells and it is

the only perennial water body in the study area. Sonar river is considered to be the largest

tributary of ken river. Ken has an overall drainage basin of 28,058 km2, out of which

12,620 km2 belong to Sonar River. Ken River is one of the major rivers of

the Bundelkhand region of central India, and flows through two states, Madhya

Pradeshand Uttar Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Yamuna. Sonar River has many tributaries

namely Kopra, Beamra, Bewas, Dehar, Kaith and Baink. Kopra is a seasonal stream also

flows within the oil block as well as near to the proposed oil wells.

Agricultural practices were observed all along the oil block and availability of water from

Sonar and Kopra River provides ample opportunity for the local farming communities to

cultivate varieties of crops.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundelkhand

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamuna


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FIGURE 3-19 RIVER AND FARMING ACTIVITIES ON THE RIVER BANKS

Sonar River Kopra River

Tree species such Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Syzigium cumini,

Acacia nilotica, and Bamboo etc were recorded in scattered fashion along the banks of Sonar

River. Scrubs/bushes of Saccharum spontaneum (Kaans), Themeda guadrivalvis (Gunher),

Aristida setaceae(Jhani), Erianthus munja (Munj), Thysanolaena maxima ( Phool bahari),

Desmostachya bipinnata (Kush), were noticed along the banks and river bed area.

Availability of water and scrubs/bushes habits are considered to be suitable habitat for small

wild animals and avifauna. Birds species such as Little cormorant, Common King fisher,

Pond Heron, Little Egret, Pied Myna were recorded from the river site. Fishing on Sonar

River is not practiced by the locals and information on fishery resources of Sonar River could

not be established.

Lentic and seasonal water bodies like manmade ponds were noticed near and within villages.

These ponds are rainfed and many of these dry up in summer season. Very few of them are

perennial in nature.

Phytosoiological Analysis

To analyse the phytosociological significance of the study area, the survey was carried

randomly in 4 Reserved Forest areas of the allotted block. The Reserved Forest chosen for

primary survey and analysis were Barikanoria RF, Karkuhi RF, Sakari RF and Chopra RF.

The phyto-sociological analysis was conducted for tree species only.

The major tree species recorded from these forests were Lagerstroemia parviflora, Mitragyna

parviflora, Disopyros melanoxylon, Acacia catechu, Pterocarpus marsupium, Aegle

marmelos, Butea monosperma, Madhuca indica, Holarrhena antidysentrica, Feronia

limonia, Terminalia tomentosa etc.

The vegetational composition from Karkuhi RF was found to be more diverse in comparison

to the other Reserved Forests where primary survey was conducted. To enumerate the

Important Value Index (IVI) of the exclusive tree species recorded from these forest areas,


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Relative Frequency; Relative Abundance; Relative Density were calculated. The results from

the analysis from each of the RF are presented in Annexure-11.

From the analysis, it is found that, Lagerstroemia parviflora has the highest IVI index in

Barikanoria RF with 44.38 followed by Acacia catechu 39.72, Feronia limonia 39.08 and

Manduca indica with 23.24. The IVI from Sakari RF enumerated as Lagerstroemia

parviflora 39.77 followed by Acacia catechu with 32.83, Holarrhena antydystentrica 30.01

and Madhuca indica with 29.09. The diversity of Madhuca indica was found to be the

highest in Kankuhi RF and the IVI of Madhuca indica was enumerated as 30.4 followed by

Acacia catechu 23.5 and Lagerstroemia parviflora 21.5.

The IVI of Madhuca indica from Chopra RF was recorded highest with 32.6 followed by

Lagerstroemia parviflora 29.8, Butea monosperma and Acacia catechu with 26 each and

Diospyros melanoxylon with 22.3.

From the analysis it was drawn that Lagerstroemia parviflora, Madhuca indica and Acacia

catechu are the important/valuable tree species of these forest areas.

The Shannon-Wiener Index (H) provides the status of how evenly the species are distributed

as wells as it gives clear picture of the abundance of the species in a particular community.

The higher “H” values states the more diverse communities. From the above analysis from 4

different forest areas, the value of “H” ranges between 2.62 (from Barikanoria RF) to 2.96

(Kankuhi RF) indicating that the diversity of Kankuhi RF has highest values in comparison to

others. Being falling under Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest, these forested areas are

normally well diversified.


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3.4 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

This section discusses the baseline socio-economic environment of the ONGC’s block VN-

ONN-2009/3 located in Damoh and Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh for proposed

exploratory well drilling operations. The following section discusses the methodology used for

the socio-economic assessment. The subsequent sections discuss the baseline profile of the

district and the villages within the proposed block.

3.4.1 Methodology

A socio economic assessment of the positive and negative impacts on the people likely to be

directly and indirectly affected by the project is conducted during the EIA study. The assessment

facilitated an understanding of the needs, demands, preferences, capacities and constraints of the

people in the vicinity of the project operation. It was undertaken primarily to enhance the

understanding of other relevant factors such as social organizations and networks, livelihood

patterns, social infrastructure, needs etc. and thus helped prioritizing ONGC’s commitment

towards the CSR initiatives. Inputs from the social assessment into the design phase facilitated

in:

Tracking potential adverse effects over different time frames and different

phases/activities

Reviewing options to eliminate such negative impacts through design changes or mitigate

them through specific social protection or mitigation measures

Reviewing options to extend or enhance benefits to the population in the vicinity of the

project site.

Focused group discussion with the community was conducted in the villages nearest to the

proposed wells (within a 2 km radius). Further, some more villages have also been visited for the

community discussion. Census 2011 data has been depicted and presented in the section below.

The census and secondary data has been cross checked during field/public consultations.

Primary data mainly through interviews with individuals and communities in the identified

villages (as per the preliminary project boundary) and secondary data such as published and

unpublished reports of the central and state government, information in the public domain was

collected.

3.4.2 General Socioeconomic Profile – based on Secondary data

The area within block has been identified for profiling of socio-economic environment of

villages located in Damoh and partially in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. Identification of

the study area is primarily based on reconnaissance surveys, understanding of the project and


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professional judgment. Details of the villages identified for socio-economic profiling is presented

in below the Table -3-11

TABLE -3-12 : LIST OF VILLAGES SELECTED FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILING

S.N. State and District Tehsil/Block Villages

1

Madhya Pradesh,

Damoh-District

Hatta

Dholiya Kheda

2 Bandha

3 Manpura

4 Binti

5 Chakarda Mafi

6 Doli

7 Dhuma

8 Kanti

9 Shivpur

10 Puranakheda

11 Panji

12 Purena Bakshi

13

Batiaygargh

Harat

14 Agara

15 Ahrora

16 Bakayan

17 Badagaon

18 Berkhedi

19 Batiyagarh

20 Basiya

21 Bhatera

22 Fatehpur

23 Futera Kalan


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24 Ghughas

25 Baroda Kalan

26 Hardua Jamsa

27 Hingwani

28 Chainpura

29 Kanora Ramnagar

30 Lukayan

31 Magron

32 Mangola

33 Menwar

34 Motha

35 Neemi

36 Sunwaha

37 Sariya

38 Sakatpur

39 Padajhir

40 Piprodha

41

Patera

Bhatiya

42 Chainpura

43 Bijori Pathak

44 Barkhera Bais

45 Kanjra

46 Kutri

47 Luhari

48 Luharra

49 Majhguwan Patol

50 Ronda


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Demographic Profile of Damoh and Chhatarpur

Damoh: According to 2011 Census (PCA) of India, total population of the district is 12,64,219

having 6, 61,873 numbers of males and 6,02,346 numbers of females. District encompasses an

area of almost 7306Sq. Kms. The proposed project falls under following tehsil- Hatta,

Batiyagargh, Patera and Patharia district- Damoh. The sex ratio of the district is 910 females per

thousand males.

Chhatarpur: As per the 2011 census (PCA), the total population of the district is 17,62,375.

There are 9,36,121 males and 8, 26,254 females in the District. Total Literates in the District are

9, 43,033 out of which 5, 72,010 are males and 3, 71,023 are females. The sex ratio of the district

is 883 females per thousand males.

51 Rusalli

52 Rewdha Kalan

53 Sojna

54 Shikarpura

55 Kheri Balgovind

56 Kodiya

57 Itwa Hiralal

58 Patharia Deolai

59 Rangir

60 Sita Nagar

61 Simri Sitanagar

62 Madiya Sitanagar

63 Mankora

64 Bhaguwa

65 Madhya Pradesh,

Chhatarpur-District

Bijawar

(Buxwaha- as

per 2011,census)

Padariya

66 Kusmad

67 Bhujpura

68 Chachaisemra


SENES 99

ONGC

The demographic profile in terms of total population, household size, sex-ratio and scheduled

population of the selected villages in the study area has been discussed in section below and

presented in Table 3-13.

Population & Household Size

With respect to the study area, the total population of the study area is about 98,097 out of which

51,568 are males and 46,529 females. Village Batiyagargh has the highest population (8951) and

Manpura has the lowest (299) population in the study area.

Sex Ratio

The sex ratio in the study area is average. The minimum sex ratio was found in Manpura (790)

and Kutri village (796) whereas maximum sex ration was recorded in Motha (1033), Rangir

(1027) and Kusmad-Buxwaha (1019).

Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes

The scheduled caste (SC) constitutes of 23% and scheduled tribes (ST) 4.6% of the total

population of on average in the villages of study area. The General Castes (GC) and others

backward caste population constitutes 73.4% of the total population. Demographic profile of the

study area villages is obtained from Census 2011 and is presented in Figure 3-20 and shown in

detail in Annex 8.

TABLE 3-13 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA VILLAGES

Sl

No Village HH

Total

Popul

ation

HH

Size

Male

Popul

ation

%

Male

Female

Populat

ion

%

Female

Sex

Ratio

1 Dholiya

Kheda 206 926

4 492 53.13 434 46.87 882

2 Bandha 270 1136

4 574 50.53 562 49.47 884

3 Manpura 79 299

4 167 55.85 132 44.15 790

4 Binti 247 901

4 473 52.50 428 47.50 905

5 Chakarda

Mafi 221 910

4 484 53.19 426 46.81 880

6 Doli 372 1492

4 784 52.55 708 47.45 903

7 Dhuma 132 598

5 309 51.67 289 48.33 935

8 Kanti 383 1704

4 899 52.76 805 47.24 895

9 Shivpur 114 534

5 281 52.62 253 47.38 900


SENES 100

ONGC

Sl

No Village HH

Total

Popul

ation

HH

Size

Male

Popul

ation

%

Male

Female

Populat

ion

%

Female

Sex

Ratio

10 Puranakhed

a 283 1307

5 668 51.11 639 48.89 957

11 Panji 227 875

4 475 54.29 400 45.71 842

12 Purena

Bakshi 70 318

5 159 50.00 159 50.00 1000

13 Harat 276 1014

4 544 53.65 470 46.35 864

14 Agara 446 2115

5 1103 52.15 1012 47.85 917

15 Ahrora 180 786

4 419 53.31 367 46.69 876

16 Bakayan 381 1589

4 806 50.72 783 49.28 971

17 Badagaon 174 603

3 331 54.89 272 45.11 822

18 Berkhedi 523 2168

4 1185 54.66 983 45.34 830

19 Batiyagarh 2027 8951

4 4728 52.82 4223 47.18 893

20 Basiya 423 1541

4 838 54.38 703 45.62 839

21 Bhatera 93 408

4 205 50.25 203 49.75 990

22 Fatehpur 1071 4250

4 2287 53.81 1963 46.19 858

23 Futera

Kalan 1406 6398

5 3336 52.14 3062 47.86 918

24 Ghughas 799 3162

4 1685 53.29 1477 46.71 877

25 Baroda

Kalan 448 1903

4 980 51.50 923 48.50 942

26 Hardua

Jamsa 569 2166

4 1134 52.35 1032 47.65 910

27 Hingwani 439 1527

3 779 51.02 748 48.98 960

28 Chainpura 234 968

4 516 53.31 452 46.69 876

29 Kanora

Ramnagar 299 1237

4 653 52.79 584 47.21 894

30 Lukayan 238 1003

4 524 52.24 479 47.76 914

31 Magron 962 3917

4 2031 51.85 1886 48.15 929

32 Mangola 282 1142

4 573 50.18 569 49.82 993

33 Menwar 232 975

4 527 54.05 448 45.95 850


SENES 101

ONGC

Sl

No Village HH

Total

Popul

ation

HH

Size

Male

Popul

ation

%

Male

Female

Populat

ion

%

Female

Sex

Ratio

34 Motha 173 685

4 337 49.20 348 50.80 1033

35 Neemi 223 889

4 478 53.77 411 46.23 860

36 Sunwaha 227 894

4 467 52.24 427 47.76 914

37 Sariya 348 1491

4 790 52.98 701 47.02 887

38 Sakatpur 156 684

4 347 50.73 337 49.27 971

39 Padajhir 180 691

4 356 51.52 335 48.48 941

40 Piprodha 173 843

5 430 51.01 413 48.99 960

41 Bhatiya 582 2455

4 1278 52.06 1177 47.94 921

42 Chainpura 128 466

4 255 54.72 211 45.28 827

43 Bijori

Pathak 264 1177

4 613 52.08 564 47.92 920

44 Barkhera

Bais 481 1810

4 966 53.37 844 46.63 874

45 Kanjra 438 1668

4 923 55.34 745 44.66 807

46 Kutri 233 1063

5 592 55.69 471 44.31 796

47 Luhari 896 3631

4 1875 51.64 1756 48.36 937

48 Luharra 193 837

4 436 52.09 401 47.91 920

49 Majhguwan

Patol 309 1179

4 614 52.08 565 47.92 920

50 Ronda 213 1052

5 553 52.57 499 47.43 902

51 Rusalli 307 1278

4 657 51.41 621 48.59 945

52 Rewdha

Kalan 231 713

3 380 53.30 333 46.70 876

53 Sojna 542 1910

4 1000 52.36 910 47.64 910

54 Shikarpura 263 871

3 454 52.12 417 47.88 919

55 Kheri

Balgovind 229 833

4 445 53.42 388 46.58 872

56 Kodiya 184 669

4 335 50.07 334 49.93 997

57 Itwa Hiralal 303 1097

4 565 51.50 532 48.50 942

58 Deolai 180 743

4 390 52.49 353 47.51 905


SENES 102

ONGC

Sl

No Village HH

Total

Popul

ation

HH

Size

Male

Popul

ation

%

Male

Female

Populat

ion

%

Female

Sex

Ratio

59 Rangir 172 683

4 337 49.34 346 50.66 1027

60 Sita Nagar 818 3423

4 1827 53.37 1596 46.63 874

61 Simri

Sitanagar 104 489

5 254 51.94 235 48.06 925

62 Madiya

Sitanagar 192 810

4 423 52.22 387 47.78 915

63 Mankora 217 771

4 406 52.66 365 47.34 899

64 Bhaguwa 97 397

4 214 53.90 183 46.10 855

65 Padariya 142 655

5 359 54.81 296 45.19 825

66 Kusmad 187 755

4 374 49.54 381 50.46 1019

67 Bhujpura 127 607

5 318 52.39 289 47.61 909

68 Chachaisem

ra 243 1055

4 571 54.12 484 45.88 848

Source- census data 2011

Figure 3-20 Percent Population of SC and ST in the study area villages


23 %

4.6%

72.4%

POPULATION OF SC AND ST

% SC

% ST

%Others


SENES 103

ONGC

Education & Literacy

The study of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to have an

understanding whether the proposed project can utilize the skilled human resources available

within the individual study area. Average literacy rate of Damoh in 2011 is 69.73%, Gender

wise, male and female literacy rates are 79.27% and 59.22% respectively. Average literacy rate

of Chhattarpur in 2011 was 63.74% compared to 53.26% of 2001. Gender wise, male and female

literacy were 72.66% and 53.59% respectively. Average male and female literacy status as

obtained from Census 2011 is presented in Figure 3-21

Figure 3-21 Percentage of male and female literates in the study area


As per census data 2011, the highest literacy rate in the study area is at Simri sitanagar (68.71%)

followed by Bakayan (68.60%) and it is lowest in Puranakheda (31.22%). The highest female

literacy rate was observed for Motha (45.85%), followed by Kodiya (44.42%) and the lowest for

village Manpura (33.75%). It was found that out of a total literate population of 56,217, literate

females comprise only a mere 39.58% and literate males account for 60.42%.

Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern

TABLE 3-14 WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION FOR STUDY AREA VILLAGES

60.88, 61%

39.12, 39%

%Male Literate

%Female Literate

Villages Total

worker

%

Cultivators

%

Agriculture

Labour

%

Household

workers

%

other workers

Dholiya Kheda 430 7.91 47.21 6.74 6.74

Bandha 603 22.22 31.01 7.30 5.31

Manpura 168 17.26 29.76 0.00 0.00

Binti 476 10.71 49.37 2.73 9.03


SENES 104

ONGC

Chakarda Mafi 454 28.19 11.45 7.49 4.85

Doli 1035 13.91 46.09 0.77 5.31

Dhuma 325 16.62 23.08 0.92 7.38

Kanti 963 18.38 19.42 12.36 3.53

Shivpur 261 38.70 1.15 7.28 3.07

Puranakheda 736 2.58 3.40 3.53 7.07

Panji 516 27.52 13.37 1.94 3.29

Purena Bakshi 115 35.65 46.09 0.87 15.65

Harat 436 7.34 33.26 3.44 9.63

Agara 1017 29.01 17.99 7.87 3.24

Ahrora 339 23.89 46.02 0.29 7.37

Bakayan 577 19.58 24.78 2.08 13.00

Badagaon 225 26.67 62.67 0.44 3.11

Berkhedi 1162 15.40 25.04 1.20 4.99

Batiyagarh 3720 9.97 7.10 19.38 40.91

Basiya 782 26.21 12.40 17.39 18.16

Bhatera 156 35.90 30.13 1.28 18.59

Fatehpur 1825 16.60 20.88 5.15 24.05

Futera Kalan 2636 14.00 17.37 12.59 33.73

Ghughas 1835 13.24 30.90 8.23 6.87

Baroda Kalan 958 39.25 36.85 0.84 8.46

Hardua Jamsa 1068 20.04 37.08 10.02 8.15

Hingwani 561 19.25 30.48 0.89 3.03

Chainpura 316 6.96 26.90 17.09 31.96

Kanora

Ramnagar 544 24.26 47.79 0.74 11.58

Lukayan 359 23.12 6.41 0.28 9.19

Magron 1653 15.61 36.72 1.15 21.36

Mangola 392 16.33 54.08 11.99 14.29

Menwar 362 25.97 2.21 0.00 8.56

Motha 322 23.29 15.22 1.24 16.15

Neemi 362 12.43 13.54 0.00 5.52


SENES 105

ONGC

Sunwaha 469 5.97 11.94 0.00 1.71

Sariya 603 29.68 31.18 5.31 6.63

Sakatpur 305 22.95 55.08 4.92 5.90

Padajhir 286 28.32 30.07 9.09 9.09

Piprodha 264 31.44 14.02 0.00 4.55

Bhatiya 828 27.90 14.61 2.42 33.94

Chainpura 282 19.86 17.73 2.48 2.13

Bijori Pathak 571 22.42 31.35 1.58 20.84

Barkhera Bais 729 17.28 36.76 1.78 3.16

Kanjra 879 6.71 88.40 1.02 2.62

Kutri 577 19.24 65.68 0.00 2.08

Luhari 1778 22.50 37.68 7.71 5.06

Luharra 310 17.10 55.48 8.06 2.26

Majhguwan

Patol 456 30.70 31.58 1.32 17.54

Ronda 387 25.84 11.11 3.36 2.33

Rusalli 672 24.55 24.55 6.85 5.06

Rewdha Kalan 403 4.47 0.25 0.00 9.18

Sojna 928 21.77 38.79 4.74 3.45

Shikarpura 368 19.57 38.32 0.00 2.45

Kheri

Balgovind 226 7.08 55.31 3.98 17.70

Kodiya 292 25.00 34.93 0.00 0.68

Itwa Hiralal 628 20.22 4.30 0.32 1.43

Deolai 366 25.68 24.32 0.00 4.10

Rangir 294 6.46 45.92 0.68 17.35

Sita Nagar 1375 19.71 34.62 2.25 11.27

Simri Sitanagar 243 39.92 6.58 3.70 5.76

Madiya

Sitanagar 448 13.39 77.90 1.79 3.79

Mankora 388 75.00 19.85 0.00 4.38

Bhaguwa 225 29.33 22.22 1.78 4.89


SENES 106

ONGC


The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the study

since depending on the existing situation one can predict the impact of the project activity on the

economy of the villages and the region. The village-wise workforce participation as obtained

from Census 2011 is presented in Table 3-14 and Annex 9. Majority of the inhabitants in the

study area villages are cultivators. Apart from this, agricultural labors, household workers and

other workers category are present in minority.

Socioeconomic Infrastructure

Education

As per district Damoh portal website, various educational institutions are engaged in the Damoh

district for providing education at different levels. The following numbers of educational

institutions are present in the district- primary school- 1424, middle school-520, collage -6,

higher secondary school -32, high school- 44 and ITI & Polytechnic-4 as per district education

Centre (DEIT).

The following numbers of educational institutions are present in the Chhatarpur district- primary

school- 1035, middle school-196, collage -3, higher secondary school -36 and high school- 26.

As per census 2001 village amenities data, all the sixty eight study area villages are equipped

with a primary school except Dholiya Kheda, Puranakheda and Purena bakshi. 23 villages have

middle level, 6 villages have secondary level and only one Batiyagarh village have a Sr.

secondary level school of the total study area. However, senior secondary schools and colleges

are located at distance between 5 kms and 10kmsfrom the village or more than 10 kms. The

details village amenities data are shown in Table 3-15

Power Supply:

As per census 2001, there is availability of power supply for domestic, agricultural and for other

uses in the villages located within the project site.

Medical and Drinking water facility:

In Damoh district portal website, there are 13 district hospitals, 9 Community Health Centers, 22

primary health Centre and 137 sub-centres.

Padariya 281 22.06 4.27 19.93 8.54

Kusmad 258 46.51 29.46 5.43 2.71

Bhujpura 318 24.53 48.74 0.94 4.09

Chachaisemra 590 29.32 44.07 5.25 1.86


SENES 107

ONGC

However as per census data 2001, out of the sixty eight study area villages, nineteen villages are

equipped with Primary Health sub Centers. However, Batiyagarh is the only village, which has

primary health centre available. Other facilities like Maternity and child welfare centers, Nursing

home’s and Private medical practitioners are majorly located between 5 kms and 10 kms or more

than 10km of a distance from the villages. As per the drinking water facilities are satisfactory, it

has been found that there are rivers, ponds in the vicinity of the project site and the study area

villages. The villagers avail the well/tank/tube and hand pump water to satisfy their daily

drinking water needs. The details are shown in Table 3-15

Communication and Transportation facilities: Majority of the study area villages have bus as

the sole transportation facility, however railway network is available in Damoh city, which is

around 20-30 kms away from the project site. Post offices and phone connectivity are not

available in majority of the study area. However, availability of post offices is only in 21 out of

the 68 study area villages. The details are shown in refer TABLE 3-15


SENES 108 ONGC

Table 3-15 Village wise Information of Infrastructure in Study Area

Sr.

No.

Village Educational

Institution

Health

Facilities

Drinking

water supply

Communication

(PO&PH)

Transportation

(Bus & Rail)

Approach

Road

Power

Supply

District: Damoh and Chhatarpur

1 Dholiya Kheda

HP AMR ED, EA

2 Bandha P(1), M(1) HSC(1) HP PO AFP, AMR ED, EA

3 Manpura P(1) HSC(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

4 Binti

P(1), M(1),

SS(1)

HSC(1) HP, W PO BS APR ED, EA

5 Chakarda Mafi P(1) HP, W ED, EA

6 Doli P(1) HP, W, TW AFP, AMR ED, EA

7 Dhuma P(1) HP, W ED, EA

8 Kanti

P(1), M(1),

SS(1)

HP, W PO, PH(1) BS APR, AMR ED, EA

9 Shivpur P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

10 Puranakheda HP, W AMR ED, EA

11 Panji P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

12 Purena Bakshi HP, W BS AFP, AMR ED, EA

13 Harat P(1) HSC(1) HP, W BS AFP, AMR ED

14 Agara P(1) HP, W AFP, AMR ED, EA

15 Ahrora P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

16 Bakayan P(1), M(1) HSC(1) HP, W, TW PO, PH(1) BS APR, AMR ED, EA

17 Badagaon P(1) HP, W AFP ED

18 Berkhedi P(1), M(1) HSC(1) HP, W PO BS APR ED, EA

19 Batiyagarh

P(6), M(2),

SS(1),HS(1)

PHC(1) HP, W, TW,

TPW

PO, PH(68) BS APR, AMR ED, EA


SENES 109 ONGC

Sr.

No.

Village Educational

Institution

Health

Facilities

Drinking

water supply

Communication

(PO&PH)

Transportation

(Bus & Rail)

Approach

Road

Power

Supply

20 Basiya P(1) HP, W, TW AMR ED, EA

21

Bhatera

P(1) HP, W, TW NA BS APR, AMR ED, EA

22 Fatehpur

P(3), M(1) HSC(1), UH(1),

PMP(5)

HP, W, TW,

TPW

PO BS APR ED, EA

23 Futera Kalan

P(3), M(1),

SS(1)

HSC(1),

PMP(7)

HP, W, TW,

TPW

PO, PH(25) BS APR ED, EA

24 Ghughas P(1) HP, W BS APR ED, EA

25 Baroda Kalan P(1), M(1) PMP(2) HP, W PO BS APR ED

26 Hardua Jamsa P(1) HSC(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

27 Hingwani P(1), M(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

28 Chainpura P(1) HP, RW AMR ED, EA

29 Kanora Ramnagar P(1) HP, W BS APR ED, EA

30 Lukayan P(1) HP, W, TW PO, PH(1) BS AMR ED, EA

31 Magron

P(3), M(1),

SS(1)

HSC(1),

PMP(3)

HP, W PO, PH(18) BS AMR ED

32 Mangola P(1) HP, W PO AMR ED, EA

33 Menwar P(1), M(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

34 Motha P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

35 Neemi P(1) HP, W AFP, AMR ED, EA

36 Sunwaha P(1) HP, W, TW APR ED, EA

37 Sariya P(1), M(1) HP, W, TPW APR ED, EA

38 Sakatpur P(1) HSC(1) HP, W, TW PO, PH(1) AMR ED, EA

39 Padajhir P(1) HP, W AMR ED


SENES 110 ONGC

Sr.

No.

Village Educational

Institution

Health

Facilities

Drinking

water supply

Communication

(PO&PH)

Transportation

(Bus & Rail)

Approach

Road

Power

Supply

40 Piprodha P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

41 Bhatiya P(1), M(1) HSC(1) HP, W, TW PO AFP, AMR ED, EA

42 Chainpura P(1) HP, W PO AFP, AMR ED, EA

43 Bijori Pathak P(1) HP, W, RW AFP, AMR ED, EA

44 Barkhera Bais P(1), M(1) HP, W AFP, AMR ED, EA

45 Kanjra P(1) HSC(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

46 Kutri P(1) HSC(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

47 Luhari

P(1), M(1),

SS(1)

HSC(1),

PMP(1)

HP, W PO, PH(1) BS APR, AMR ED, EA

48 Luharra P(1) PMP(1) HP, W, TW AFP, AMR ED

49 Majhguwan Patol P(1), M(1) PMP(1) HP, W, TW BS AFP, AMR ED, EA

50 Ronda P(1) HP, W ANC ED, EA

51 Rusalli

P(1) HP, W, TW,

TPW

PO AMR ED, EA

52 Rewdha Kalan P(1) HP, W, TW APR ED, EA

53 Sojna

P(1), M(1) HSC(1),

PMP(1)

HP, W PO AFP ED, EA

54 Shikarpura P(1) HP, W AFP ED, EA

55 Kheri Balgovind

P(1) PMP(1) HP, W, TW AMR ED, EA

56 Kodiya

P(1) PMP(1) HP, W BS AMR ED, EA

57 Itwa Hiralal

P(1), M(1) HP, W, TW AFP, AMR ED, EA

58 Deolai P(1) HP AFP, AMR ED, EA

59 Rangir P(1) HP, W PO, PH(3) BS APR ED, EA

60 Sita Nagar P(3), M(1) HSC(1) HP, W, TPW PO, PH(1) BS APR, AMR ED, EA


SENES 111 ONGC

Sr.

No.

Village Educational

Institution

Health

Facilities

Drinking

water supply

Communication

(PO&PH)

Transportation

(Bus & Rail)

Approach

Road

Power

Supply

61 Simri Sitanagar P(2), M(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

62 Madiya Sitanagar P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

63 Mankora P(1) HP, W PO, PH(1) AMR ED, EA

64 Bhaguwa P(1) HP, W AMR ED, EA

65 Padariya P(1), M(1) HSC(1) HP, W PO, PH(1) AMR ED

66 Kusmad P(1) HP, W AMR ED

67 Bhujpura P(1) HP, W BS APR ED, EA

68 Chachaisemra P(1) HP, W

Source – village directory data 2001, Madhya Pradesh

Abbreviations

Education

P: Primary school

M: Middle school

SS: Senior Secondary School

H: High school

C: Collage

Health Facilities

PHC: Primary Health Centre

HSC: Health Sub Centre

UH: Unani Hospital

PMP: Registered Private Medical Practitioners

Drinking water

TPW: Tap water

W: Well water

TW: Tube water

HP: Handpump

Transport facility

BS: Bus service

Post and telegraph

PO: Post office

PH: Telephone connection

Road

APR: Approach paved roads

AMR: Approach mud roads

AFP: Approach foot path

ANC: Approach - navigable canal

Power Supply

ED: Electricity for domestic purpose

EA: Electricity for all purposes


SENES 112

ONGC

Community Consultation

A community consultation was carried out in 12 villages out of the 68 identified study area within

a block, for collecting detailed information about prevailing socio-economic condition in the study

area, demographic features and composition of the population, infrastructure amenities available in

the villages and also to assess awareness, opinion and reaction of the inhabitants about the project.

The key findings observed Community Consultation:

During consultations some key similarities observed in the villages where consultation were

undertaken with the villagers which are a reflection of the overall scenario of the villages within

the affected project area.

Occupation and livelihood is centered on rain fed agriculture and related labour work. Irrigation

facilities are largely not available and few farmers have access to bore wells for irrigation. In

almost all villages people reported out migration from the village seasonally or permanently due to

lack of livelihood. Most of these people return during harvest. Main crops grown are wheat and

Chickpeas (chana), while other crops grown include Pigeon pea/Red Gram (arhar), Red Lentils

(masoor), and Black Gram (udad).

In terms of infrastructure almost all villages reported lack or limitations of basic infrastructure.

Roads were inadequate and not traversable especially during the rainy season. Public transport was

lacking and most interior villages did not have access to bus services as kaccha roads were in bad

condition. Only one road (Damoh-Hatta Road (SH-49) to Itwa Heeralal) connecting villages

Luhara, Shikarpuara, Itwa Hiralal, Kodiya, Russaili and Sojna was in good condition and

constructed recently under the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). These villages

also had access to transport services due to the road. Most of the other villages had accessibility

problems especially during the rainy seasons due to the poorly maintained Kaccha roads.

During the visit it was observed that the school buildings in the villages were lacking in basic

amenities and furniture. Due to the cold weather the classes were held out in the sun. Medical

facilities were inadequate and inaccessible due to lack of transport and bad condition of roads.

Sanitation and drinking water were also not accessible to all. Lacks of irrigation facilities have

affected agricultural activities especially during years of low rainfall. The farmers also reported

loss of crops due to unseasonal rains in the past year. During the visit it was observed that fields

were under crops mainly Chickpeas and one patch of coriander.Viral fever, Malaria, Gastro,

tuberculosis and skin diseases are the common diseases prevalent in the study area. Minor

irrigation scheme ongoing in the area, under this scheme govt. grant allocates to the farmers for

making ponds which called “Balram Ponds” as per reported by agriculture department, Hatta.


SENES 113

ONGC

A brief summary of the villagers, demographic details and the problems and concerns are

presented in the matrix below.


SENES 114

ONGC

Details Community Consultation Findings

Sr.

No

Stakeholder

Group Village Name Methodology Findings

1 Community

Village -

Mankora

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Mankora village comes under Bhaguwa Panchayat

with approx. 150 households and has mixed

communities living.

Agriculture is the main livelihood source of the

people in the village and main workers are engaged

as cultivators and agricultural labour.

Main crops are cultivated by farmers like Wheat,

Gram, Masoor, Mustard and Soya Bean

Yielding of some main crops and their market prices

are described here: e.g. wheat- 5-6 Quintal/ acr and

1200 Rs/quintal, gram- 4 q/acr and 2500-3000 Rs/q,

Masur-3 q/acr and 3500Rs/q and Soya beans- 6 q/acr

and 2700Rs/q.

Around 50 persons migrated to Delhi, Mumbai and

other places for their livelihood and they work in

different types of industry as a labour

Hand pumps (7-8) and wells are the main source of

drinking water and irrigation in the village. Drinking

water sources is not sufficient for all villagers.

Sanitation facilities in the village was very poor

Inadequate transportation facilities observed in the

village. Entire village has kaccha access roads and

the condition of the roads is very poor.

Health facility was not there, people have to travel 4

kms in case of emergency situation.

There is one primary and middle school present

which operated in Panchayat building; however

education facility was not adequate with respect to

sitting arrangement, electricity, drinking water, lack

of teachers etc.

2 Community

Village -

Bhaguwa

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprises approx. 70 house hold with 350

population and mixed communities (Aherwar,

Harisan, Thakur, Brahman etc)

Nearest town and railway station from the village is

Damoh which is 25 kms

Majority of villagers dependent on Agriculture and

secondary livelihood source of as a migrants labour

and agricultural labour.

Hand pumps (3) and wells are main source of

drinking water and irrigation in the village.

Kopra river water is also used for irrigation purpose

which is flowing beside of village

Yields of some main crops and their market prices

are described here: e.g. wheat- 15 Quintal/ acr and

1500 Rs/quintal, gram- 6-7 q/acr and 3000 Rs/q,

Masur-5 q/acr and 3500-5000 Rs/q and Soya beans-

5-7 q/acr and 3800Rs/q.

Toilets facilities are not available in the village

except some household


SENES 115

ONGC

Sr.

No

Stakeholder


The road conditions are poor and the community

members have limited transport connectivity

Health facility is absent in the village

There is one primary and one Anganwadi centre

available, however education facility is not adequate

like sitting arrangement, electricity, and lack of

teachers.

3 Community

Village –

Luhari

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Luhari is one of the largest villages in Hatta approx.

1200 house hold with 2850 population and mixed

communities (Aherwar, Harisan, Gaud, Sahu, lodi,

and Brahman etc.) are present

The primary source of livelihood in the village is

agriculture.

Hand pumps (35) and wells are main source of



are described here e.g. wheat- 15 Quintal/ acr and

1500 Rs/quintal, gram- 6-7 q/acr and 3000 Rs/q,

Masur-5 q/acr and 3500-5000 Rs/q and Soya beans-

5-7 q/acr and 3800Rs/q.

25% of the irrigation is through wells

Luhari village have followings common property

resource like- grazing grounds-3, cremation ground -

2 and community pond-1

Around 30 people were landless

There were one health sub centre and one Aaurbedic

centre available for the 40 villages in this area

There was one primary and one middle, one higher

secondary and five Anganwadi centres present

Irrigation is the main problem in the village beacause

there are limited numbers of wells and irrigation

facilities

4 Community

Village –

Luhara

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprises approx. 950 population with

mixed communities (Aherwar, Harisan, Thakur,

Brahman etc)

Agriculture is the main livelihood source of the

people in the village and main workers are engaged

as cultivators and agriculture labour.

Around Rs 150/day wages for agricultural laborers

and Rs 160/day wages under govt. scheme like

NAREGA

Hands pumps (7) and well are main source of



are described here e.g. wheat- 3 Quintal/ acr and

1300-1600 Rs/quintal, gram- 3 q/acr and 3000 Rs/q,

Masur-2-4 q/acr and 4000 Rs/q and Arhar- 2-3 q/acr

and 3800Rs/q.

There are followings common property resource like-

cremation ground and community pond

Around 100 households have sanitation facilities

provided under govt. schemes and some houses have


SENES 116

ONGC

Sr.

No

Stakeholder


their own sanitation facility available

Absence of village health facility is one of the main

problems of the village

There is one primary school up to 5th class and one

Anganwadi centre present, however education

facility is not adequate.

5 Community

Village -

Sojna

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprises approx. 350 house hold with 3000

population which has mixed communities (Aherwar,

Harisan, Thakur, Brahman etc)




agriculture.

Hands pumps (10) and wells are main source of



are similar to above mention villages.

Significant number of livestock in each house hold of

the village is present

There are followings common property resource in

the village: grazing land, cremation ground,

community hall and four community ponds

There is health sub centre, however, facility is not

adequate. ANM visits once a week

There is one primary, one high school, one pvt.

School upto 5th class and two Anganwadi centres are

available

Irrigation is the main problem in the village as there

are limited numbers of well and irrigation facilities

6 Community

Village –

Kheri

balgovind

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprise of approx. 150 households with

1000 population and mixed communities (Aherwar,

Harisan, Thakur, Brahman etc) present

Kheri balgovind village comes under Kuwakheda

Panchayat.




agriculture. Secondary livelihood source of as a

migrants labour and agricultural labour. Approx. 100

labour migrated to Delhi, Mumbai and other places

from the village





Significance number of livestock in each house hold

of the village present

There were followings common property resource :

grazing ground, cremation ground and two

community ponds


provided under govt. schemes


SENES 117

ONGC

Sr.

No

Stakeholder


There was no health sub centre facility

There is one primary school and one Anganwadi

centres present in the village. However, education

facilities is not adequate


are only limited numbers of well

7 Community

Village –

Rusailli,

Bagha

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprise of approx. 350 population with

mixed communities (Aherwar, Harisan, Bhareta,

Gurjar, lodi, Brahman etc)



migrants labour and agricultural labour. Approx 200

labour migrants labour from the village migrated to

Delhi, Mumbai and other places



Around 5 house hold families were landless


drinking water and irrigation in the village

There were followings common property resource in

the village:- grazing ground, cremation ground and

two community ponds

Sanitation facilities are absent.

There is one primary school, one middle school and

one Anganwadi centres present in the village.

However, education facilities are not adequate

There is no health facility


are only limited numbers of well

Ground water depth is more than 70 ft. so it’s too

costly to dig wells

8 Community Village –

Shikarpura

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprise of approx. 150 house hold with 800


Harisan, Thakur, Gond, Brahman etc.)

Shikarpura village comes under Pipariya village

Panchayat.


agriculture it’s similar to above mentioned villages



Hand pumps and tubewells are main source of





There is one primary school, one middle school, and

one anganwadi centres that are available. However,

education facilities was not adequate


are limited number of wells


SENES 118

ONGC

Sr.

No

Stakeholder


9 Community Village –

Kodiya

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Kodiya is one of the smallest village

Village comprise of approx. 80 households with 450


Harisan, kurmi, katwar, Brahman etc.)


agriculture which is similar to above mentioned

villages


are similar to above mentioned villages.

Around 20 house hold family are landless


There is one primary school, and one Anganwadi

centre present. However, education facilities are not

adequate

Village infrastructure facilities like sanitation,

drinking water are very poor


are limited numbers of well

10 Community

Village – Itwa

Hiralal

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprise of approx. 350 households with

1000 population and mixed communities (Aherwar,

Harisan, kurmi, katwar, Brahman etc.)


agriculture which is similar to above mentioned

villages

Approx. 100 labour migrated to Delhi, Mumbai and

other places from the village





There is one primary school, and one Anganwadi

centre present. However, education facilities are not

adequate



11 Community

Village –

Majhguwan

Patol

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Village comprise of approx 350 population with

mixed communities (Aherwar, Harisan, Bhareta,

lodi, Brahman etc.)



migrants labour and agricultural labour. Approx. 200

labour migrated to Delhi, Mumbai and other places

from the village


are: wheat- 3-5 Quintal/ acr and 1200-1300

Rs/quintal, gram- 3 q/acr and 2800 Rs/q, Masur-3-5

q/acr and 2300 to 3000 Rs/q

There are followings common property resource in

the village: Grazing ground, cremation ground and

two community pond



SENES 119

ONGC

Sr.

No

Stakeholder






There is one primary school, one high school and two

Anganwadi Centres present in the village.


Irrigation is the main problem in the village are there


Ground water depth is more than 100 ft. which

makes it too costly to dig tubewells

11 Community

Village –

Deolai,

Madiya

One to One

Interaction,

Group

Discussion

Approx. 200 house hold with 700 population and

mixed communities (Aherwar, Harisan, kurmi,

katwar, Brahman etc.) were lives there

The primary source of livelihood in the village was

agriculture it’s similar to above mentioned villages



Around 10 house hold family were landless

Hands pumps (2) and well are main source of


There was no health facility

There was one primary school, and one Anganwadi

centres was available. However, education facilities

was not adequate

Village infrastructure like access road, sanitation,

drinking water was very poor

Soil erosion was major problem of the village due to

kopra river in rainy season

12 Hospital Community

Health centre

(CHC), Hatta

One to One

CHC is the main hospital for the Hatta block and it

also covers other block villages in large area

Facilities available includes- 30 beds, OPD, dot

centre, ICTC centre, leprosy etc. and ambulance

services for 24x7 on emergency call 108

Normally general and seasonal diseases are observed

in this area

Tubecotomy, vasectomy and eye camps are

organized on quarterly at village level

13

Agriculture

department,

Hatta, Damoh

Agriculture

development

department,

Hatta

One to One

Minor irrigation scheme are ongoing in area. Under

this scheme govt. grant allocated to the farmers for

making ponds which are called “Balram Ponds”

Granted amount to the farmers – 80,000 -1.50 lakh to

general farmers and 1.75 lakh to tribal farmers

Capacity building program to the farmers and

promoted through crops exhibition are organised.

14 Block office,

Hatta

Block office,

Hatta

One to One Confirmed that Madhya Pradesh government has not

declared Damoh district as a schedule area


SENES 120

ONGC

Community Needs:

The community discussion during EIA study reveals the key needs where support through CSR

programs can be provided. The key areas of concern are:

Unpaved and inaccessible condition of village roads

Inadequate number of hand pumps in the village

Lack of infrastructure in the schools

Inadequate medical facilities at the village level

FIGURE 3-22 SOCIOECONOMIC SURVEY AND COMMUNITY DISCUSSION

Mankora Village Govt. Primary & Middle school in Panchayat building,

Mankora Village

Luhari Village Bhaguwa Village


SENES 121

ONGC

Mujhguwa Patol Village Govt. high school, Mujhguwa patol

Farmers in Luhara Village Kodiya Village

Itwa Hiralal Village Kheri Balgovind Village


SENES 122

ONGC

Farmers of Deolai Village ARCADIS team Interacted with villagers of Rusaili

Visited at Community Health Centre, Hatta Visited at Agricultural department, Hatta

SENES 123 ONGC

4 Environmental Impact Assessment

The impact assessment section of the EIA study systematically identifies, characterizes and

evaluates the potential impacts arising out of the project and prioritizes them through a semi-

quantitative system so that they can be effectively addressed by Environment Management

Plans. Potential environmental impacts may arise out of various sequential activities (as

discussed in section 2.6 of this report) to be undertaken as part of proposed exploratory and

appraisal well drilling in VN-ONN-2009/3exploratory block.

4.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

An environmental impact identification matrix has been developed to present an overview of

possible interactions between project aspects and components of the environment which may

get impacted. The matrix structure takes into account physical, biological and socioeconomic

components of the environment on one axis (X axis) and activities / aspects of the proposed

drilling project on the other side (Y axis). Aspects (based on phases of activities like pre-

drilling activities, drilling, decommissioning and potential accidental events) and impacts on

environmental components that have been taken into consideration were in line with standard

environment management system terminology. Environmental and socioeconomic

components were identified based on reviewing of applicable legislation and baseline

environment, site reconnaissance visits, discussions with stakeholders and SENES’

professional judgment.

Potential environmental and socio-economic impacts that may result from any of the

identified project aspects has been identified in a matrix based on activity-component

interaction and has subsequently been used to develop an impact evaluation matrix that list

evaluation scores based on significance criteria delineated in section 4.1.2.

4.1.1 Impact Criteria and Ranking

Once all project environmental aspects were comprehensively identified for the different

activities of the project, the level of impact that may result from each of the activity-

component interactions has been assessed based on subjective criteria.

For this, three key elements have been taken into consideration based on standard

environmental assessment methodologies:


SENES 124 ONGC

Severity of Impact: Degree of damage that may be caused to the environmental

components concerned;

Extent of Impact : Geographical spread of impact around project location and

corridors of activities; and

Duration of Impact: Time for which impact lasts taking project lifecycle into account.

These elements have been ranked in three levels viz. 1 (low), 2 (moderate) and 3 (high) based

on the following criteria provided in Table 4-1 below:

Table 4-1: Impact Prediction Criteria

Impact

Elements Criteria Ranking

Severity Impact resulting in long term and/ or medium damage to the natural

environment.

Major impact on community and occupational health (e.g. serious

injury, loss of life) on account of accidental events viz. well blow-

outs and related operational activities.

Loss of natural habitat for Schedule I fauna & threatened flora

Adverse national media attention.

Permanent loss of land/livelihood

3

Impact resulting in short term change and / or damage to the natural

environment.

Temporary loss of land, livelihood source of affected communities

Loss of natural habitat for Schedule II fauna

Moderate impact on occupation and community health & well being

(e.g. noise, light, odour, dust, injuries to individuals)

Complaints from the public, authorities and possible local media

attention.

2

Limited impact causing temporary loss of some species etc.

Loss of natural habitat for Schedule III & IV fauna

Limited impact on human health and well-being (e.g. occasional

dust, odour, light, and traffic noise).

Public Perception/Concern

1

Extent Regional scale impact and including impacts to physical, biological

and socio-economic environment of block

3

Largely local level impact limited to a kilometer of the drilling site 2

Impact discernible within 200m in the immediate vicinity of the

drilling site

1

Duration The impact is likely to occur during the entire project life cycle and

beyond

3

The impact is likely to occur in some phases of project life under

normal operating conditions.

2

The impact is unlikely to occur at any time during project life cycle

but may occur in exceptional circumstances.

1

A positive or beneficial impact that may result from this project has not been ranked and has

been depicted in the form of ++.


SENES 125 ONGC

4.1.2 Impact Significance

The significance of impact has been adjudged based on a multiplicative factor of three

element rankings. The Table 4.2 (below) depicts impact significance in a scale of LOW-

MEDIUM-HIGH and will be used for delineation of preventive actions, if any, and

management plans for mitigation of impacts.

Impact significance has been determined taking into account measures which have been

factored in the design and planning phase of the project. Legal issues have been taken into

account, wherever appropriate in the criterion sets, to aid in ONGC’s effort to comply with

all relevant legislation and project HSE requirements. Additionally, the results of quantitative

impact prediction exercise, wherever undertaken, have also been fed into the process.

TABLE 4-2: CRITERIA BASED SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS

Severity of

Impact (A)

Extent of Impact

(B)

Duration of

Impact (C)

Impact Significance

(A X B X C)

1 1 1 1

Low

1 1 2 2

1 2 1 2

1 1 2 2

2 1 2 4

1 2 2 4

3 1 2 6

Medium

1 3 2 6

2 2 2 8

3 2 2 12

2 3 2 12

2 2 3 12

3 3 2 18

High 3 2 3 18

2 3 3 18

3 3 3 27

- Beneficial Impact - ++

To assist in determining and presenting significance of an impact, an impact evaluation

matrix (Table 4.3) has been developed based on the one developed for the impact

identification exercise. In case an environmental component be impacted by more than one

project activity, higher impact significance ranking has been taken as the significance ranking

for subject receptor. Impacts that have been determined to be having high significance

ranking of “>12” are considered significant and hence require examination in terms of

preventive actions and/or additional mitigation to reduce level of the potential impact.

Recommended additional mitigation measures and management plans are presented in

Chapter 6.

The identified impacts are further discussed in detail in the following section with discussion

focusing on impacts of higher significance. This is followed by a point wise outline of

mitigation measures recommended.


SENES 126 ONGC

TABLE 4-3: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX

Environment

Activity

Physical Environment Biological Environment Socio-economic Environment

Aes

thet

ics

& V

isu

als

Air

Qu

alit

y

No

ise

Qu

alit

y

Tra

nsp

ort

& T

raff

ic

Lan

d U

se

SO

IL Q

ual

ity

Lo

cal

Dra

inag

e &

Ph

ysi

og

raph

y

Su

rfac

e w

ater

qu

alit

y

Gro

un

d W

ater

Res

ou

rces

Gro

un

d w

ater

qu

alit

y

Flo

ra &

Flo

ral

Hab

itat

Wil

dli

fe H

abit

at

Fau

na

Th

reat

ened

& E

nd

ang

ered

spec

ies

Mig

rato

ry c

orr

ido

r &

ro

ute

Aq

uat

ic F

lora

& F

aun

a

Co

nfl

ict

on

Jo

b o

pp

ort

un

ity

Dis

rupti

on

of

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Du

st &

No

ise

Dis

com

fort

Infl

ux

of

Po

pula

tio

n

Job

& E

con

om

ic O

pport

un

ity

Occ

up

atio

nal

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y

Co

mm

un

ity

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y

A. Pre-Drilling Activities

Site selection and land acquisition x

Site clearance and top soil removal x x x x x x x x + x

Well site& access road construction x x x x x x + x x

Sourcing & transportation of borrow material etc x x x x x x x x x x + x x

Storage and handling of construction debris x x x

Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries x x x x x x x

Operation DG set x x

Workforce engagement & accommodation at construction site x x + x

Consumption of water for construction & domestic use for labourer x

Generation of domestic solid waste & disposal x x x x x

Generation of waste water & discharge from construction activity & labour camp x x x

Surface run-off from construction site x x x x

B. Drilling & Testing

Physical Presence of drill site x

Operation of DG sets and machinery x x x x

Operation of drilling rig x x x x

Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and mud x x x x

Generation of process waste water & discharge x x

Surface run-off from drill site x x x

Generation of domestic waste water & discharge x x x

Generation of Municipal waste & disposal x x x x

Workforce engagement & accommodation at drill site x x + x

Flaring during production testing and process upset x x x x

Accidental events – blow out x x x x x x x x

Accidental events-spillage of chemical &Oil x x x

C. Decommissioning and Reinstatement

Dismantling of rig and associated facilities x x x x

Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries x x x x

Removal of well site construction materials & disposal x x x


SENES 127 ONGC

4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

This section discusses the impacts of the project activities on the environmental receptors that

stand to get affected by the project. It discusses probable impacts during various phases of the

project lifecycle on the environmental and socioeconomic components. Rankings for every

activity–component interaction is based on the criterion set earlier and resulting

environmental significance with necessary justification that has been recorded below for

every set of impacts and the same has been represented in evaluation matrices. In broader

context, it is however important to remember that operations related to drilling and testing

activities also include positive socioeconomic impacts in terms of increase in local business

opportunities and on a larger perspective, by providing potential energy security at a national

level.

4.2.1 Visual Impacts & Aesthetics

Visual impacts during proposed drilling operations is anticipated from site clearance and well

site preparation, vehicles involved in transportation of raw materials and personnel, material

stockpiles and physical presence and operation of drilling rig and associated facilities.

During drilling site preparation nearly3.0 ha land will be cleared for construction of drill site.

During site construction activity, dust will be generated from transport of construction

material, machinery and personnel, haphazard dumping of construction waste, domestic

waste from labour camp may cause visual and aesthetic impacts. Such impacts likely to be

particularly experienced by communities residing in villages located in the vicinity(viz.

settlements of Hatta Town, Luhari Village, Mankora Village and Manjhguwan Patol Village

etc.) of proposed wells or access routes. Taking into account the temporary nature of site

preparatory activities and necessary mitigation measures to be implemented by the proponent

with respect to the siting of well locations away from human settlements (use of existing

infrastructure etc.) the impact is not considered to be of major significance.

Visual impact due to the operation of drilling rig and presence of base camp is not considered

major given the temporary nature of exploratory activities (about 120 days) .Also with

drilling waste and process waste water is likely to be temporary stored in impervious pits no

visual impact to this regard is envisaged.

The construction of drill pad, drilling of wells will involve continuous day and night

activities, hence lighting at night could be a source of visual discomfort to the residents of

nearby settlements (Hatta Town, Luhari Village, Mankora Village and Manjhguwan Patol

Village). Other than that, light generated from flaring events might also be visually

discomforting at night. However, such activity is likely to be of intermittent in nature, to

occur only during process upset and testing. Reinstatement of well site not indicative of any

commercially exploitable hydrocarbon reserve is also likely to positively contribute to the site

visual aesthetic.


SENES 128 ONGC

Mitigation Measures

All the construction activity will be restricted within the designated site;

Dust nuisance from construction site will be suppressed through periodical water

spraying at disturbance area;

On completion of work all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes will be

completely removed;

Domestic solid wastes temporarily stored in the collection point within the well site

camps will be transported to designated solid waste disposal sites at Hatta Town at

regular intervals;

Care will be taken to orient the lights downward during the drilling operations to

reduce the effect of residual lighting.

After decommissioning of rig and associated facilities, drill platform will be removed,

pits & garland drains will be filled up, construction material will be removed &

disposed and drill sites will be restored;

Site will be rehabilitated through laying of top soil.

Impact criteria Significance without

mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures

Severity of Impact 1 1

Extent of Impact 2 1

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 4 (low) 2 (low)

4.2.2 Impacts on Air Quality

Operation of vehicles and construction machinery

Exhaust emission from operation of construction machinery(bulldozers, excavators, backhoe

etc.) is likely to contribute to air pollutant load (primarily particulate matter, NO2,SO2 etc.) in

the ambient air near well site facilities. However, considering localized nature of impacts,

temporary nature of construction along with necessary mitigation measures likely to be

adopted by the proponent (regular maintenance of vehicles and machineries, checking of

vehicular pollutant emission etc.) the impact is considered to be of low significance.


SENES 129 ONGC


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 8 (medium) 4 (low)

Construction material transport, storage and handling

During construction phase it is estimated that about 500 m3 of borrow material and 1000 m3

of aggregates will be required for construction of 1 well site , road construction/strengthening

and other site preparatory activities. Fugitive emission is therefore anticipated from

transportation, storage and handling of construction material by contractor personnel.

Generation of such fugitive dust is likely to be governed by micro-meteorological conditions

(wind speed and direction) and transportation route condition (degraded in patches).

However, the construction activity, rig mobilization and decommissioning activity is

temporary and limited movement of project vehicles and adopting specific mitigation

measures (viz. spraying of water, management of vehicle loadings, using covered trucks for

transportation etc.) no significant impact is therefore envisaged.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





Operation of Diesel Generator (DG) Sets during Drilling Period and test flaring

The proposed project will involve the operation of diesel driven 2 X 1215 kVA generators for

drilling as well as other purposes. The operation of DG sets will therefore result in the

generation of air pollutants viz. PM, SO2 and NOx, thereby affecting the ambient air quality.

As low sulfur HSD will be used emission of SO2 from burning of diesel will be minimized.

The dispersion of these air pollutants may affect the receptors viz. village settlements located

in near vicinity of the well sites (Hatta Town, Luhari Village, Mankora Village and

Manjhguwan Patol Village) only under exceptional combination of meteorological

conditions. However, considering the temporary nature of drilling phase (approx 120 days

including testing), and provision of adequate DG set stack height for effective dispersion of

air pollutants, no significant impact to this regard is envisaged. Additionally, the proponent

also plans to adopt and implement necessary mitigation measures, as discussed in the

subsequent section, to effectively address potential air quality impacts from DG set operation.

In order to predict the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) at various distances from the

source, of the above mentioned pollutants, an air modeling exercise ISCST3 has been


SENES 130 ONGC

undertaken. The following input parameters (Refer Table 4-4) have been considered in the

impact prediction modeling undertaken using ISCST3.

TABLE 4-4: INPUT PARAMETERS CONSIDERED FOR DG SET MODELING

Source

Stack

Height

(m)

Stack

Dia(m)

Stack

gas

temp

(K)

Stack

gas

velocity

(m/s)

Emission Rate (g/sec)

PM NOx

1215

KVA

DG

7 0.30 408 25.0 0.008 0.002

TABLE 4-5: INPUT PARAMETERS CONSIDERED FOR FLARE MODELING

Source

Stack

Height

(m)

Stack

Dia(m)

Stack

gas

temp

(K)

Stack

gas

velocity

(m/s)

Emission Rate (g/sec)

NOx

Test

Flaring

30 0.30 560 25.0 0.15

Though, ISCST 3 is a refined model, the model run was carried out based on micro-

meteorology to predict air quality impacts for an average 24 hrs period that may be caused by

peak power utilization at the drill site. The model was run considering two scenarios 1)

operation of two 1215KVA DG sets simultaneously and 2) test flaring. Incremental

concentration at the nearest settlement where ambient air monitoring was conducted and

maximum ground level concentrations for the pollutants generated are provided below (Refer

Table 4-5).


SENES 131 ONGC

TABLE 4-6: PREDICTED GLCS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

Polluta

nts

Predicted GLC (μg/m3) at

AQ1 (Luhari Village) Predicted GLC (μg/m3) at

AQ2 (Hatta Town) Predicted GLC (μg/m3) at

AQ3 (Mankora Village)

Predicted GLC (μg/m3) at AQ4

(Majhguwan PatolVillage)


AQ5 (Chakarda Mafi

Village)


AQ6 (Haruda Jamsa Village)


AQ7 (Ghurata Village)

Predicted GLC (μg/m3) at AQ8

(Motha Village) Predicted Maximum

GLC (μg/m3)

Pred

icted

Con

cent

ratio

n

Baseli

ne

Increme

ntal

GLC

Predict

ed

Conce

ntratio

n

Basel

ine

Incrementa

l GLC

Predict

ed

Conce

ntratio

n

Baseli

ne

Increm

ental

GLC

Predicte

d

Concentr

ation

Baseline

Incremental

GLC

Predi

cted

Conc

entrat

ion

Baseli

ne

Increm

ental

GLC

Predicted

Concentr

ation

Baselin

e

Increm

ental

GLC

Predicte

d

Concent

ration

Baseline

Increm

ental

GLC

Predict

ed

Concen

tration

Baseline

Increm

ental

GLC

Increm

ental

Conce

ntratio

n

Dista

nce

from

sourc

e

Dire

ctio

n

DG Set Modelling

NO2

(μg/m3)

0

21.1 21.1 0.020

25.6 25.6 0.0001

4

24.9 24.90 0.0062

24.8 24.80 0.003

2

20.6 20.6 0.0032

23.2 23.20 0

21.8 21.80 0

25.9 25.90 0.039

1.1 SE

PM

(μg/m3)

0

91.4 91.4 0.086

70 70.08 0.0005

4

94 94.0 0.0250

99.4 99.42 0.012

9

95.7 95.71 0.0130

82.5 82.50 0

84.3 84.300 0

107.7 107.70 0.15

1.1 SE

Flaring

NO2 (μg/m3)

0.74 21.1 21.84 0.0996

8

25.6 25.69 0.0006

2

24.9 24.90 0.02801

24.8 24.80 0.015

59

20.6 20.60 0.05581

23.2 23.20 0

21.8 21.80 0

25.9 25.90 2.62 1.5 SE


SENES 132

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Table 4-6 shows that the predicted GLC of PM and NO2 are within the National Ambient Air

Quality Standards of 100 μg/m3 and 80 μg/m3 respectively. The maximum ground level

concentration will be at approximately 1.5 km north from the center of the project site.

Considering the temporary nature of drilling phase (approx. 120 days), and provision of

adequate DG set stack height and flare stack height for effective dispersion of air pollutants,

no significant impact to this regard is envisaged. Additionally the proponent also plans to

adopt and implement necessary mitigation measures as discussed in the subsequent section to

effectively address potential air quality impacts from DG set operation and flaring.

The incremental Ground Level Concentration (GLCs) of the pollutants (as discussed above),

do not exhibit any appreciable decrease in air quality. The impact on ambient air quality is

due to operation of DG set is thus considered to be of low significance.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





The mitigation measures for controlling air pollution from operation of DG sets and emergency

flaring operations have been described below.

Mitigation measures for controlling impacts on air quality:

All the vehicles should be PUC certified

All vehicles used for transportation of loose and friable materials will not be loaded

over the freeboard limit and will be covered.

Water spraying will be done on the approach roads to control re-entrained dust during

dry season;

Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicles and equipment used for the project will

be maintained so that exhaust emissions are low and do not breach statutory limits set

for that vehicle/equipment type.

Appropriate stack height for DG sets and flare stack will be utilized

Personnel Protective Equipments (PPEs) like mask will be provided to workers at site.


SENES 133

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FIGURE 4-1: ISOPLETH OF NO2 CONCENTRATION – DG SET MODELING

FIGURE 4-2: ISOPLETH OF PM CONCENTRATION – DG SET MODELING


SENES 134

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FIGURE 4-3: ISOPLETH OF NO2 CONCENTRATION – FLARE

4.2.3 Impact on Noise Quality

Potential impact on noise quality is anticipated from vehicular movement, operation of

construction machinery, access road strengthening during well site preparation and operation

of drilling rig and ancillary equipment during drilling operation.

Operation of construction machinery/equipment

Operation of heavy machinery/equipment (DG sets, bulldozers, excavators, backhoe etc.) and

vehicular movement during site preparatory and road strengthening/construction activities

may result in the generation of increased noise levels as specified in the Table 2-5. The same

can be used as a reference for calculating probable noise pressure levels arising out of a

number of such equipment.

The noise related disturbance could be experienced by communities residing in proximity of

the construction site and along material transportation routes. The settlements located close to

the proposed wells could face disturbance due to the proposed construction activities.

Considering the construction phase activities to be of temporary nature, limited daily

movement of project vehicles (3-4 nos. vehicle for transportation of personnel and 8-10 nos.

for material transport) and adequate mitigation measures (viz. equipment maintenance,


SENES 135

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restriction of work during nighttime etc) to be implemented by the project proponent, impact

is considered to be of low significance.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





Operation of drilling rig and ancillary equipment

Operational phase noise impacts are anticipated from operation of drilling rig and ancillary

equipment viz. shale shakers, mud pumps and diesel generators. Studies indicated that noise

generated from operation of drilling rig generally varies in the range of 88-103 dB(A). The

average equivalent noise levels of drilling rig and ancillary equipment has been provided in

the Table 2-6 for reference.

Further, considering drilling to be a continuous operation, noise generated from aforesaid

equipment has the potential to cause discomfort to the local communities residing in

proximity (within 250m) of the rig facility. As mentioned in section 2.4.2some settlements is

located within 0.5 km of the proposed well sites in Luhari, Majhguwan Patol, Mankora and

Hatta Town, therefore noise related impacts to the settlements due to drilling is envisaged.

Occupational health and safety impacts viz. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is

anticipated for personnel working continuously in proximity to such noise generating

equipment. However, drilling activities will be undertaken for short duration (approx 120

days for drilling phase) and necessary noise prevention and control measures viz. use of

acoustic barriers, provisions for proper PPEs, regular preventive maintenance of equipment

etc. as practiced by the-proponent to reduce the noise impact on the communities residing in

proximity to the well sites.

Noise Level Prediction

A noise modeling exercise was undertaken based on standard noise attenuation equations to

predict noise levels from drilling rig (and ancillary equipment) near sensitive receptors within

200m in presence of a noise barrier. A noise attenuation plot has been developed considering

natural attenuation by distance with noise level predictions.

The noise generated from drilling rig is considered to be about 95.0 dB(A) at a distance of

10m from the rig location. Noise attenuation equations (without any noise barrier) show that

the normal attenuated noise at any receptor points located at a distance of about 100 m and

200 m from the fence-line of the rig, will be in the range of about 75.0 dB(A) and 68.9 dB(A)

respectively. In the absence of an acoustic barrier, the predicted noise levels were found to

exceed the day time noise standard (55 dB (A)). However, with the introduction of a noise


SENES 136

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barrier (5 m in height) at the fence-line will be enough to decrease noise levels near sensitive

receptors at 200m to about 56.9 dB (A). However a detailed noise modelling exercise to look

at option of noise reductions will be conducted at the design stage to determine the barrier

specifications. The noise attenuation plot with and without acoustic barrier is presented in

Figure 4-4.

KVA

FIGURE 4-4: NOISE ATTENUATION PLOT FOR DRILLING PHASE


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 6 (medium) 3 (Low)

Mitigation Measures:

Typical mitigation measures for noise will include the following:

Installation of sufficient engineering control on equipment and machinery (like

mufflers & noise enclosures for DG sets and mud pumps) to reduce noise levels at

source, carrying out proper maintenance and subjecting them to rigid noise control

procedures.

Providing noise barrier at the fence line of the well site facing the sensitive receptors

Providing Personnel Protective Equipment (PPEs) like ear plugs/muffs to workers at

site.


SENES 137

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Undertaking preventive maintenance of vehicles to reduce noise levels.

4.2.4 Potential Impact on Land Use

To construct drill site and approach road, approximately 3 ha land (forest land) per well site

will be required. All the wells are identified in agricultural field only and during the

exploratory drilling phase, temporary impact in terms of change in landuse from agricultural

to industrial use is envisage. However, this land use change will not be permanent and if

potential hydrocarbon is not found then site will be restored to its original or previous

condition.

Mitigation Measures

Restrict project activity and storage of materials within the 3 ha land only

Restore the site to its previous landuse before leaving the site.

Impact Criteria Significance without

mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 6 ( Medium) 3 (low)

4.2.5 Impact on Soil Quality

Potential impact on soil quality is envisaged in the form of loss of soil fertility as a result of

site clearance and top soil stripping during well site preparation and accidental spillage

resulting from storage and handling of mud chemicals. Soil quality impacts so identified have

been assessed and evaluated in the section below.

Stripping of top soil

As discussed in the baseline section 2.1.6 the well sites are located in agricultural field. It

was mentioned in section 3.1.9 that soil in agricultural field is fertile in nature. Potential

impacts on the soil resources will be more pronounced during the site preparation as the

potential changes in the soil structure and degradation of the soil quality as a result of

compaction slope stability is more likely during this stage. These have been discussed in

details in the sections below.

Impacts during site preparation and decommissioning

Site preparation would entail stripping and removal of the topsoil, from the project site. The

top soil contains most of the nutrients and organisms that give soil a living character and

productivity. This is likely to affect the productivity of the land but since the project design

takes into account the preservation of the top soil and its subsequently reuse for topping up of

the rehabilitated land the impacts are likely to be less pronounced. In spite of this however,


SENES 138

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the fertility of the soil stands to be affected. The success of the restoration measures would be

crucial for the extent of damages to the topsoil.

Similarly the setting up of the rig and associated machinery will require a strong base.

Compaction of the Soil would be required to take the load of the equipment. This compaction

of the Soil within the boundary of the site would result changes in the Soil structure and may

result in alteration in percolation rates, changes in micro drainage patterns. In this case, the

success of the rehabilitation measures would determine the extent of residual impact to the

Soil structure.

During the site preparation loose Soil or uncovered areas has a high potential for erosion.

Removal of vegetation from slopes would also result in increased erosion potential of those

areas.

In case of commercially non-viable hydrocarbon reserve the activity would be temporary and

proper reinstatement of site will be undertaken. Necessary sediment control measures will be

adopted by the proponent during construction phase to prevent discharge of surface run-off

characterized by increased sediment load. Further specific mitigation measures will be

implemented by the proponent to stabilize the top Soil (referred below) to preserve their

fertility characteristics during site restoration. The impact is therefore considered to be of low

significance.

Mitigation Measures for top Soil stabilization

The top Soil will be stored in mound form.

The height of the mound should not be more than 2m

The slope angle should not be more than 30˚

A jute mat will be overlaid on the mound to contain the erosion of top Soil

A garland drain will be constructed around the mound to contain the runoff of top

Soil.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 8 ( Medium) 4 (Low)

Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and drilling mud

It is estimated that nearly about 300 m3of drill cuttings and 8 m3/day of drilling wastewater

and 5m3/day waste mud are likely to be generated from each well during drilling operation.

Improper storage and disposal of such process waste on open Soil or unlined areas may


SENES 139

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therefore lead to the contamination of Soil onsite and abutting land if not properly managed.

With the project design planning taking into account construction of HDPE lined impervious

pit of capacity 600 m3 for temporary storage of drill cuttings and their disposal in accordance

with “CPCB Oil& Extraction Industry Standard – Guidelines for Disposal of Solid Wastes”

no significant impact to this regard is envisaged. Further with the proponent catering to the

use of water based mud the drill cuttings and waste drilling mud generated are likely to be

non-hazardous in nature (however, will be tested to establish its nature) and is not anticipated

to pose any potential threat to the Soil environment. The impact is therefore considered to be

of low significance.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 4 ( Low) 4 ( Low)

Storage and handling of fuel and chemicals

Contamination of Soil can result from the project activities if certain operations like storage

of chemicals and diesel, spent oil and lubricants are not managed efficiently. Storage of

chemicals and fuels, spent lubricants on unpaved surfaces have potential for contamination of

Soil. However, considering that appropriate spill prevention and control measures to be

implemented (refer below) by the proponent the impact is considered to be of low

significance.

Mitigation Measures:

The following mitigation measures are proposed for reducing impact on Soil quality:

Carrying out adequate restoration of Soil, to the extent possible;

Implementing adequate sediment control measures to prevent discharge of untreated

surface run-off characterized by increased sediment load to abutting agricultural land.

Ensuring proper storage of drill cutting (in impervious HDPE lined pits) and

chemicals (paved and bunded areas) to prevent any potential contamination from

spillage.

Implementing appropriate spill prevention and control measures.

Provision of an oil-water separator at the storm water drainage outlet to prevent

discharge of contaminated run-off.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




SENES 140

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Total Significance 8 ( Medium) 4 ( Low)

4.2.6 Impact on Hydrogeology & Ground Water Quality

Potential impacts on groundwater resources that could arise as a result of the proposed

drilling activities include the following:

Ground water extraction

Water to meet domestic requirement of operational workforce, drilling mud preparation and

flushing of holes will be sourced through bore wells within the drill site. It is estimated that

on average 50m3/d of water will be required per well for preparation of drilling mud and cater

to domestic requirements. Taking into account drilling to be a temporary activity (approx 120

days) and both Damoh and Chhatarpur being designated as “safe” for groundwater extraction

by the Central Ground Water Authority impact on ground water resource is considered to be

low.

Mitigation Measures

Abstraction of water from deeper aquifer that is presently not used by local villagers

should be used by ONGC


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





The other impact on the groundwater resource will be due to the drilling activity. The drilling

will be to a depth of 2800 m. Though, through the data logging service one will be aware of

the depth where the drill will cut through the aquifer zone, an un-quantified sudden huge gush

of water does flow out as the rig cuts across the aquifer zone before cementing and casing is

done. Since, as part of the project activity cementing and casing is done within few hours to

protect the groundwater resource and the project area is demarcated by the Central Ground

Water Board (CGWB) as “safe” which do not suffer from heavy withdrawal of water leading

to rapid fall in the aquifer level the impact significance is envisaged to be low.

Drilling, storage of drill cuttings and waste drilling mud

Possibility of contamination of subsurface and unconfined aquifers may exist if the casing

and cementing of the well is not carried out properly leading to infiltration or seeping of

drilling chemicals or mud into porous aquifer region. The same is also valid for disposal of


SENES 141

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drilling waste and mud in an open/unpaved pit. However, with the project proponent catering

to the use of water based mud and storage of drill cuttings and waste drilling mud in an

HDPE lined pit, impact is considered to be of low significance.

Mitigation Measures

Proper engineering controls will be used for drilling and cementing operations

Water based, non-hazardous type of drilling mud will be utilized for drilling operation

Drill cuttings & mud will be stored in HDPE lined pits as per S No. 72 C.1.a Schedule

I Standards for emission or discharge of Environmental pollutants from Oil Drilling

and Gas Extraction Industry of CPCB as modified in 2005.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





4.2.7 Impact on Surface Water Quality

Impact on surface water quality of natural drainage channels and community water bodies

may arise from discharge of contaminated surface run-off, sewage and process waste water

generated during various phases of the proposed project.

Surface run-off discharge

As discussed under section 4.2.5, site clearance and stripping of top Soil during site

construction will result in an increase in Soil erosion potential leading to an increased

sediment load in the surface run-off during monsoon. Also, surface run off from drilling

waste (cuttings and drilling mud), hazardous waste (waste oil, used oil etc) and chemical

storage areas may lead to the pollution of receiving water bodies viz. natural drainage

channels etc unless precautionary measures are adopted. As the locals in the area use the

streams (Kopra and Sonar river) as potable water source, any contaminated discharge to the

surface water channels may lead to potential health impacts of the locals. However, taking

into account the provision of onsite drainage system, sediment control measures, provision of

oil water separator will aid discharging of surface run off in compliance with the CPCB

Inland Water Discharge Standards, the impact is considered to be of low significance.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures


SENES 142

ONGC




Total Significance 12( Medium) 4 ( Low)

Discharge of drilling mud and process wash water

It is estimated that nearly about 5 m3/day of drilling mud and 8 m3/day process wastewater is

likely to be generated during drilling operation. The drilling waste so generated may be

characterized by the presence of Oil & grease, barites and heavy metal which on discharge to

nearby natural drainage channels and/or rivers may lead to possible surface water

contamination. As mentioned earlier discharge of contaminated water at the streams could

lead to potential health impacts for the locals. However, considering usage of water based

mud for the proposed project, temporarily storage of drilling waste in an HDPE lined pit to

ensure conformance with CPCB Industry Specific Standards for oil Drilling & Gas Extraction

Industry and guidelines provided by the MoEF&CC under the Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 the impact is considered

to be of low significance.

Mitigation Measures

Following mitigation measures will be implemented for surface water pollution control:

Proper treatment of all wastewater and produced water and any water discharge from

well site to should comply with CPCB Inland Water Discharge Standards for oil and

Gas Industries

Waste mud to be stored in the cuttings pit

Drainage and sediment control systems at the well site will be efficiently designed

Construction activities viz. stripping, excavation etc during monsoon season will be

restricted to the extent possible.

All chemical and fuel storage areas, process areas will have proper bunds so that

contaminated run-off cannot escape into the storm-water drainage system.

An oil-water separator will be provided at the storm water drainage outlet, to prevent

discharge of contaminated run-off.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 12(Medium) 4 ( Low)


SENES 143

ONGC

4.2.8 Impact on Biological Environment

The potential impacts on ecological habitat of the VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block due to

proposed drilling operations are discussed below:

Loss of flora and floral habitat

As mentioned earlier, ONGC is now proposing to start its drilling activities at one location

and extend it to further three potential locations. Although the north part of the block covers a

lot of forested areas, but the proposed potential four oil wells (to be drilled sites) are located

in the abandoned agricultural lands. During the drilling activities, the ground cover mostly

occupied by seasonal grasses/sedges/weeds would be removed. No tree felling is envisaged.

If at all there is any need for tree felling, ONGC shall approach the local forest official and to

get approval for the same.

Impact of Fauna & Faunal Habitat

As the proposed potential oil well locations located in the agricultural lands (although

abandoned), these areas are highly disturbed for most sensitive wildlife. The only faunal

species observed from these areas were a few domestic common birds; Rhesus macaque,

Hanuman langurs, common mongoose, squirrel, garden lizard etc. The sound produced by the

drilling operation consists of loud mechanical noises emitted over a range of frequencies and

intensities. Noise generated from drilling operations and vehicular movement within the drill

site is likely to affect the fauna leading them to move away/migrate from the project activity

areas and its immediate vicinity to safer place/less disturbed places as a normal practice.

Such disturbance may be impacted approximately to a distance of 0.5 km.

The physical presence of drilling rig is also to be felt at night because of the illuminated at

night by lighting arrangements. Other possible sources of illumination will be flaring

conducted for a short period of time during well testing phase. Artificial lighting and well

testing flares may result in the attraction of some wildlife and birds leading to their

disorientation and confusion behaviour.

Construction activities and drilling would take place for a short duration (about 4 months) ,

and the land use pattern of the surrounding areas are similar to the proposed drilled sites.

These faunal species can take refuge in these areas. The level of impact on small mammalian

species (irrespective of their scheduled category as per IWPA) from the construction related

activities can be considered as medium significance although it is short term.

4.2.9 Impact on Socioeconomic Environment

Based on the nature and type of impacts, the assessment has been divided into broad

categories namely (i) Adverse impacts and (ii) Positive impacts.

Adverse Impact

Loss of Livelihood


SENES 144

ONGC

The proposed well sites will be located at agricultural land and nearest settlement to the well

sites are located more than 100 m away. Approximately, 3 ha land per well will be required

for proposed drilling activity. As the lands is agricultural land therefore loss of livelihood is

envisage. However, considering the short duration and temporary nature of exploratory

drilling, impact would not be of long term. Also, provision of crop compensation and taking

land on lease after discussion with land owners, adverse impact will also be mitigate.

Job Opportunity

Conflicts related to opportunity of jobs may arise as the locals would expect employment

generation for them from the drilling activities.Local villagers would be involvement in the

construction works, however during drilling skilled personnel would be required and

employment opportunities for the locals would be limited. Involvement of outside workers in

proposed activity may possibly create conflict with the local people, as most of the villagers

are small scale cultivators, workers, daily labours or small businessmen. The impact on job

conflict will be low if more unskilled opportunities are given to the locals during the

construction phase thus reducing the medium significance to low.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures




Total Significance 8 (Medium) 4 ( Low)

Disruption on Infrastructure

The width of the approach roadis not wide enough to support the movement of heavy

vehicles to well site location, hence they have to be widened and strengthened. Further, new

approach road need to be constructed at some places such as well site “R-HAT-A” proposed

in Luhari Village. Transportation of drilling rig and associated facilities to drill and

decommissioning of rig and associated structure will increase traffic movement. Increase in

vehicular fleet may cause damage to road infrastructure if not properly maintained. The

strengthening and widening of the existing road will reduce the significance of impact from

medium to low.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





SENES 145

ONGC


Dust and Noise Discomfort

The proposed well sites are located minimum 100 m away from the settlements. Settlements

are also located adjacent to the access roadsto the sites. Inhabitants residing close to access

roads will be affected due to noise and dust generated from heavy vehicular movement during

site preparation, setting up of rig, decommissioning of rig and considering distantly located

settlements from the well sites and short term activity with proper mitigation measures

(construction of pucca approach roads; sprinkling of water in access roads; using noise

barrier at the boundary of the well sites), the significance of the impact will be reduced from

medium to low.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





Influx of Population

Influx of population is anticipated in all stages of the project cycle particularly during

exploratory drilling. The drill site will involve the operation of about 60 onsite workers

during drilling phase. Interaction between workers with villagers of nearby areas might give

rise to various issues like conflict of workers with the local population, nuisance caused by

workers due to improper sanitation facilities, etc.However, taking into account that majority

of the workforce during construction phase is likely to be sourced from local villages and

adequate sanitation facilities will be provided chances of such conflicts are negligible.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





Cultural & Heritage Site

Impact on cultural environment may occur due to site preparation, operation of drilling rig

and also during vehicular movement with respect to the proposed exploration activities.There


SENES 146

ONGC

is no designated historical orcultural spots close to the well sites or access roadshence; no

impact in this regard is envisaged .

Employment opportunities

Project will benefit people living in the neighboring villages temporarily by giving preference

to them in relation to direct & indirect employment associated with the various project

activities during exploratory drilling phase. Site preparation phase will involve certain

number of laborers and there is a possibility that local people can be engaged for this

purpose. Drilling process will involve a number of skilled and unskilled workers. Generation

of short time employment opportunities during the project phase would improve the

employment scenario of the area.

However, most jobs will comprise technical involvement. Hence villagers can possibly be

employed only in certain non-technical or casual labor jobs and that too for a limited

duration.

Social Action Plan

Mitigation and or Benefits

For Loss of Livelihood

Instead of land purchase or acquisition lease of land for drilling and subsequently return of

land to the land owner.

During the construction phase there will be both direct and indirect benefits to the local

population. Direct benefits includes hiring or purchase of goods and services during the

construction period includes employment of categories of unskilled labour, purchase of

consumption items, rentals (accommodations /premises, land, vehicles, equipment’s etc.).

Increased people movement due to the project within the locality will increase petty business

opportunities (pan shops, food and beverages shops, cycle repair shops etc) for a short period

of time.

Disruption of Infrastructure

By strengthening and expansion of existing roads conflicts related to deterioration of roads

can be avoided. Further in consideration of the anticipated increase in both vehicular traffic

and labour influx a traffic management plan will be prepared and implemented by the Client

to avoid conflicts out of any accidents and incidents due to increased traffic.

Dust and Noise

Specific mitigation measures will be required to be implemented including construction of

pucca approach roads; sprinkling of water in access roads; using noise barrier at the boundary

of the well sites. Other mechanisms such as stakeholder engagement and grievance redressal

mechanism will also be implemented at site to address any such issues arising out of project

construction and reduce conflicts.

Influx of Population


SENES 147

ONGC

Labour influx is anticipated at all stages of the project considering the paucity of skilled

labour from the local villages. To reduce conflicts all unskilled and semi skilled labour will

be sourced from local villages. Labour management plan will be formulated and implemented

to avoid and mitigate any such issue arising from influx of labour. The LMP will address and

implement various measure required for waste disposal including waste water.

Health and Safety Issues

All construction work should be undertaken only after fencing off the area. Display boards

should be displayed in the local language Hindi and English to prevent people from entering

the construction area and make them aware of the dangers associated with the construction

activities and machinery on site.

4.2.10 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge socio-economic implications on individuals,

their families and communities. They also have economic impacts in form of direct and

indirect costs for society as a whole. Major occupational health risks encountered in proposed

drilling activity include noise from drilling activity, operation of heavy vehicles and

machinery, handing of chemicals.

However, the proponent will adopt necessary control measures through implementation of

mitigation measures and provision of proper PPEs to workers operating in aforesaid area to

prevent and/or mitigate adverse health related impacts. Hence any possible occupational

health impact from exposure to such fugitive dust is not likely to be of major significance.


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures





4.2.11 Community Health & Safety:

Community health and safety of inhabitants residing close to the drilling site stands to get

affected from frequent heavy vehicular movement along village access roads and due to noise

from drilling rig operations. Health and safety impact arising from technological emergencies

viz. well blow outs, explosions will be dealt separately in the Quantitative Risk Assessment

(QRA) section. Although the aforesaid activities are temporary in nature it may not adversely

Impact Significance = ++ i.e. POSITIVE


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affect community health and safety in the long term. Mitigation measures will be taken as

outlined Sec 6.1.1 A-E to reduce the impacts arising out of project activities and hence

significance will reduce from medium to low significance.

Few mitigation measures would be adopted to protect the community are as follows

Drilling activities should be under proper fencing

Proper hoardings in English and local language should be displayed during

construction and operation phase to prevent people from encroaching the fenced area

or to make them aware of the danger associated with the construction


mitigation measures

Significance with

mitigation measures






SENES 149 ONGC

TABLE 4-7: IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MATRIX (WITHOUT MITIGATION)

Environment

Activity


Aes

thet

ics

& V

isu

als

Air

Qu

alit

y

No

ise

Qu

alit

y

Tra

nsp

ort

& T

raff

ic

Lan

d U

se

SO

IL Q

ual

ity

Lo

cal

Dra

inag

e &

Ph

ysi

og

raph

y

Su

rfac

e w

ater

qu

alit

y

Gro

un

d W

ater

Res

ou

rces

Gro

un

d w

ater

qu

alit

y

Flo

ra &

Flo

ral

Hab

itat

Wil

dli

fe H

abit

at

Fau

na

Th

reat

ened

& E

nd

ang

ered

spec

ies

Mig

rato

ry c

orr

ido

r &

ro

ute

Aq

uat

ic F

lora

& F

aun

a

Co

nfl

ict

on

Jo

b o

pp

ort

un

ity

Dis

rupti

on

of

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Du

st &

No

ise

Dis

com

fort

Infl

ux

of

Po

pula

tio

n

Job

& E

con

om

ic O

pp

ort

un

ity

Occ

up

atio

nal

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y

Co

mm

un

ity

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y


Site selection and land acquisition M

Site clearance and top Soil removal L M M M M M M M + M

Well site& access road construction L M M M M M + M M

Sourcing & transportation of borrow material etc L M M M L L M M M M M + M M

Storage and handling of construction debris L M M

Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries M M M M M M M M

Operation DG set M M M M M

Workforce engagement & accommodation at construction site M M + M

Consumption of water for construction & domestic use for labourer M

Generation of domestic solid waste & disposal L M M M M M

Generation of waste water & discharge from construction activity & labour

camp M

M

M

Surface run-off from construction site M M M M


Physical Presence at drill site L M M H

Operation of DG sets and machinery M M H H H H M M

Operation of drilling rig M H H H H M M

Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and mud L L L M

Generation of process waste water & discharge M M M

Surface run-off from drill site M M M

Generation of domestic waste water & discharge L M M M

Generation of Municipal waste & disposal L L M M

Workforce engagement & accommodation at drill site M M + M

Flaring during production testing and process upset M M M H H H H M M

Accidental events - blow out M M M M M H H H H M M M

Accidental events-spillage of chemical & oil M M M M


Dismantling of rig and associated facilities M M M M

Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries M M M M

Removal of well site construction materials & disposal M M M

Site Restoration + + +


SENES 150 ONGC

TABLE 4-8: IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MATRIX (WITH MITIGATION)

Environment

Activity


Aes

thet

ics

& V

isu

als

Air

Qu

alit

y

No

ise

Qu

alit

y

Tra

nsp

ort

& T

raff

ic

Lan

d U

se

SO

IL Q

ual

ity

Lo

cal

Dra

inag

e &

Ph

ysi

og

raph

y

Su

rfac

e w

ater

qu

alit

y

Gro

un

d W

ater

Res

ou

rces

Gro

un

d w

ater

qu

alit

y

Flo

ra &

Flo

ral

Hab

itat

Wil

dli

fe H

abit

at

Fau

na

Th

reat

ened

& E

nd

ang

ered

spec

ies

Mig

rato

ry c

orr

ido

r &

ro

ute

Aq

uat

ic F

lora

& F

aun

a

Co

nfl

ict

on

Jo

b o

pp

ort

un

ity

Dis

rupti

on

of

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Du

st &

No

ise

Dis

com

fort

Infl

ux

of

Po

pula

tio

n

Job

& E

con

om

ic O

pp

ort

un

ity

Occ

up

atio

nal

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y

Co

mm

un

ity

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y


Site selection and land acquisition M

Site clearance and top Soil removal L L L M L M M L + L

Well site& access road construction L L L L M L + L L

Sourcing & transportation of borrow material etc L L L L L L L L M L L L + L L

Storage and handling of construction debris L L L

Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries L L L M L L L L

Operation DG set L L M M M

Workforce engagement & accommodation at construction site L M + L

Consumption of water for construction & domestic use for labourer L

Generation of domestic solid waste & disposal L L L L L L Generation of waste water & discharge from construction activity &

labour camp L L L

Surface run-off from construction site L L L L


Physical Presence at drill site L M M M

Operation of DG sets and machinery L L M M M M L L

Operation of drilling rig L

M M M M

L L

Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and mud L L L L

Generation of process waste water & discharge L L M

Surface run-off from drill site L L M

Generation of domestic waste water & discharge L L L M

Generation of Municipal waste & disposal L L L L

Workforce engagement & accommodation at drill site M L + L

Flaring during production testing and process upset L L L M M M M L L

Accidental events - blow out L M M M L M M M M L L L

Accidental events-spillage of chemical & oil M M M L


Dismantling of rig and associated facilities L L L L

Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries L L L L

Removal of well site construction materials & disposal L L L


SENES 151 ONGC

Environment

Activity


Aes

thet

ics

& V

isu

als

Air

Qu

alit

y

No

ise

Qu

alit

y

Tra

nsp

ort

& T

raff

ic

Lan

d U

se

SO

IL Q

ual

ity

Lo

cal

Dra

inag

e &

Ph

ysi

og

raph

y

Su

rfac

e w

ater

qu

alit

y

Gro

un

d W

ater

Res

ou

rces

Gro

un

d w

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qu

alit

y

Flo

ra &

Flo

ral

Hab

itat

Wil

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fe H

abit

at

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na

Th

reat

ened

& E

nd

ang

ered

spec

ies

Mig

rato

ry c

orr

ido

r &

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ute

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ic F

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& F

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a

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ict

on

Jo

b o

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un

ity

Dis

rupti

on

of

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Du

st &

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ise

Dis

com

fort

Infl

ux

of

Po

pula

tio

n

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& E

con

om

ic O

pp

ort

un

ity

Occ

up

atio

nal

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y

Co

mm

un

ity

Hea

lth

& S

afet

y

Site Restoration + + +

SENES 152 ONGC

QRA as a part of integrated risk management process for the proposed project consists of the

following iterative steps:

Identification of hazards

Setting Acceptance Standards for the defined risks

Evaluation of likelihood and consequences and risks of possible events.

Confirmation of arrangements to mitigate the events and respond to the same on occurrence.

Establishment of performance standards

Establishment of continuous monitoring, review and auditing of arrangements

5 Quantitative Risk Assessment

This section on Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) aims to provide a systematic analysis of

the major risks that may arise as a result of drilling and testing activities by ONGC in the

VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block. The QRA process outlines rational evaluations of the identified

risks based on their significance and provides the outline for appropriate preventive and risk

mitigation measures. Results of the QRA provides valuable inputs into the overall project

planning and the decision making process for effectively addressing the identified risks. This

will ensure that the project risks stay below As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

levels at all times during project implementation. In addition, the QRA will also help in

assessing risks arising from potential emergency situations like a blow out and develop a

structured Emergency Response Plan (ERP) to restrict damage to personnel, infrastructure

and the environment.

BOX 5.1: QRA – INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

The risk study for the drilling and testing activities has considered all aspects of operation of

the drilling rig and other associated activities during the drilling phase. Oil spills, loss of well

control / blow-out and process leaks constitute the major potential hazards that may be

associated with the proposed drilling for oil and gas in the VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block.

The following section describes objectives, methodology of the risk assessment study and

then presents the assessment for each of the potential risk separately. This includes

identification of major hazards, hazard screening and ranking, frequency and consequence

analysis for major hazards. The hazards have subsequently been quantitatively evaluated

through a criteria based risk evaluation matrix. Risk mitigation measures to reduce significant

risks to acceptable levels have also been recommended as a part of the risk assessment study.


SENES 153 ONGC

5.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE QRA STUDY

The overall objective of this QRA with respect to the proposed project involves identification

and evaluation of major risks, prioritizing risks identified based on their hazard consequences

and formulating suitable risk reduction/mitigation measures in line with the ALARP

principle. Hence in order to ensure effective management of any emergency situations (with

potential individual and societal risks) that may arise during the drilling activities, following

specific objectives need to be achieved.

Identify potential risk scenarios that may arise out of proposed drilling activities like

operation of ancillary facilities and equipment, mud chemicals storage and handling

etc.

Analyze the possible likelihood and frequency of such risk scenarios by reviewing

historical accident related data for oil and gas industries.

Predict the consequences of such potential risk scenarios and if consequences are

high, establish the same by through application of quantitative simulations.

Recommend feasible preventive and risk mitigation measures as well as provide

inputs for drawing up of Emergency Management Plan (EMP) for the project.

5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The risk assessment process is primarily based on likelihood of occurrence of the risks

identified and their possible hazard consequences particularly being evaluated through

hypothetical accident scenarios. With respect to the proposed project, major risks viz. blow

outs, process leaks and fires, non-process fires etc. have been assessed and evaluated through

a risk matrix generated to combine the risk severity and likelihood factor. Risk associated

with the drilling activities have been determined semi- quantitatively as the product of

likelihood/probability and severity/consequence by using order of magnitude data (risk

ranking = severity/consequence factor X likelihood/probability factor). Significance of such

project related risks was then established through their classification as high, medium, low,

very low depending upon risk ranking.

The risk matrix is a widely accepted as standardized method of quantitative risk assessment

and is preferred over purely quantitative methods, given that its inherent limitations to define

a risk event is certain. Application of this tool has resulted in the prioritization of the potential

risks events for the drilling thus providing the basis for drawing up risk mitigation measures

and leading to formulation of plans for risk and emergency management. The overall

approach is summarized in the Figure 5.1


SENES 154 ONGC

FIGURE 5-1: RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

5.2.1 Hazard Identification

Hazard identification for the purposes of this QRA comprised of a review of the project and

associated activity related information provided by ONGC as part of its Emergency Response

Plan. In addition, guidance provided by knowledge platforms/portals of the upstream oil &

gas industry including oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD), Directorate General of Mines

Safety (DGMS), OGP, ITOPF and DNV, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, etc. are used to

identify potential hazards that can arise out of proposed project activities.

Taking into account the applicability of different risk aspects in context of the drilling

operations to be undertaken in the VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block, there are three major

categories of hazards that can be associated with proposed project which has been dealt with

in detail. This includes:

Blowouts leading to pool fires/jet fires and Oil spills

Process leaks and fires


SENES 155 ONGC

Non-process fires / explosions

Well control incident covers a range of events which have the potential of leading to blow-

outs but are generally controlled by necessary technological interventions. Hence, such

incidents are considered of minor consequences and as a result not well documented. Other

possible hazard scenarios like mud chemical spills, falls etc. has also not been considered for

detailed assessment as preliminary evaluation has indicated that the overall risk that may

arise out of them would be low. In addition, it is understood that, causative factors and

mitigation measures for such events can be adequately taken care of through existing safety

management procedures and practices of ONGC.

It must also be noted here that many hazards identified are sometimes interrelated with one

hazard often having the ability to trigger off another hazard through a domino effect. For

example, a large oil spill in most instances is caused by another hazardous incident like a

blowout or process leak. This aspect has been considered while drawing up hazard mitigation

measures and such linkages (between hazards) has also been given due importance for

managing hazards and associated risks in a composite manner through ONGC’s Health,

Safety & Environmental Management System (HSEMS) and through the Emergency

Response Plan, if a contingency situation so arises.

5.2.2 Frequency Analysis

Frequency analysis involves estimating the likelihood of each of the failure cases identified

during the hazard identification stage. The analysis of frequencies of occurrences for the key

hazards that has been listed out is important to assess the likelihood of such hazards to

actually unfold during the lifecycle of the project. The frequency analysis approach for the

proposed project is based primarily on historical accident frequency data, event tree analysis

and judgmental evaluation. Major Oil and gas industry information sources viz. statistical

data, historical records and global industry experience were considered during the frequency

analysis of the major identified risks3.

For QRA for the proposed project, various accident statistics and published Oil industry

databases have been consulted for arriving at probable frequencies of identified hazards.

However, taking into account the absence of representative historical data/statistics with

respect to onshore operations4, relevant offshore accident databases have been considered in

the frequency analysis of identified hazards. The same has been recommended in the “Risk

Assessment Data Directory” published by the International Association of Oil & Gas

Producers (OGP). Key databases/reports referred as part of the QRA study includes

3 It is to be noted that the frequency of occurrences are usually obtained by a combination of component

probabilities derived on basis of reliability data and /or statistical analysis of historical data.

4 Although Alberta Energy & Utilities Board (EUB) maintains a database for onshore incidents for the period

1975-1990 the same has not been considered in the context of the present study as the Alberta wells are believed

to be sour with precaution being taken accordingly to minimize the likelihood of release.


SENES 156 ONGC

Worldwide Offshore Accident Databank (WOAD), Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Reports,

Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Directives, Offshore Reliability Data (OREDA)

Handbook, HSE Offshore Incident Database, SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database etc.

Based on the range of probabilities arrived at for different potential hazards that may be

encountered during the proposed drilling activities, following criteria for likelihood rankings

have been drawn up as presented in the Table 5-1.

Table 5-1: Frequency Categories and Criteria

Likelihood Ranking Criteria Ranking

(cases/year) Frequency Class

5 >1.0 Frequent

4 >10-1 to <1.0 Probable

3 >10-3 to <10-1 Occasional/Rare

2 >10-5 to <10-3 Not Likely

1 >10-6 to <10-5 Improbable

5.2.3 Consequence Analysis

In parallel to frequency analysis, hazard prediction / consequence analysis exercise assesses

resulting effects in instances when accidents occur and their likely impact on project

personnel, infrastructure and environment. In relation to the proposed project, estimation of

consequences for each possible event has been based either on accident experience,

consequence modeling or professional judgment, as appropriate.

Given the high risk perception associated with blow outs in context of onshore drilling

operation, a detailed analysis of consequences has been undertaken for blow outs taking into

account physical factors and technological interventions. Consequences of such accidental

events on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment have been studied to

evaluate the potential of the identified risks/hazards. In all, the consequence analysis takes

into account the following aspects:

Nature of impact on environment and community;

Occupational health and safety;

Asset and property damage;

Corporate image

Timeline for restoration of environmental and property damage

Restoration cost for environmental and property damage

The following criterion for consequence rankings (Table 5-2) is drawn up in context of the

possible consequences of risk events that may occur during proposed drilling activities:

Table 5-2: Severity Categories and Criteria


SENES 157 ONGC

Consequence Ranking Criteria Definition

Catastrophic 5 Multiple fatalities/Permanent total disability to more

than 50 persons

Severe violations of national limits for environmental

emission

More than 5 years for natural recovery

Net negative financial impact of >10 crores

Long term impact on ecologically sensitive areas

International media coverage

National stakeholder concern and media coverage

Major 4 Single fatality/permanent total disability to one or more

persons

Major violations of national limits for environmental

emissions

2-5 years for natural recovery

Net negative financial impact of 5 -10 crores

Significant impact on endangered and threatened floral

and faunal species

Loss of corporate image and reputation

Moderate 3 Short term hospitalization & rehabilitation leading to

recovery

Short term violations of national limits for

environmental emissions

1-2 years for natural recovery

Net negative financial impact of 1-5 crores

Short term impact on protected natural habitats

State wide media coverage

Minor 2 Medical treatment injuries

1 year for natural recovery

Net negative financial impact of 0.5 – 1 crore

Temporary environmental impacts which can be

mitigated

Local stakeholder concern and public attention

Insignificant 1 First Aid treatment with no Lost Time Incidents (LTIs)

Natural recovery < 1year

Net negative financial impact of <0.5 crores.

No significant impact on environmental components

No media coverage

5.2.4 Risk Evaluation

Based on ranking of likelihood and frequencies, each identified hazard has been evaluated

based on the likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of consequences. Significance of


SENES 158 ONGC

risks is expressed as the product of likelihood and consequence of the risk event, expressed as

follows:

Significance = Likelihood X Consequence

The Table 5-3 below illustrates all possible product results for five likelihood and

consequence categories while the Table 5.4 assigns risk significance criteria in four regions

that identify the limit of risk acceptability as per the HSE management system of ONGC

Depending on the position of intersection of a column with a row in the risk matrix, hazard

prone activities have been classified as low, medium and high thereby qualifying a set of risk

reduction / mitigation strategies.

Table 5-3: Risk Matrix

Con

seq

uen

ce →

Likelihood →

Frequent Probable Remote Not Likely Improbable

5 4 3 2 1

Catastrophic 5 25 20 15 10 5

Major 4 20 16 12 8 4

Moderate 3 15 12 9 6 3

Minor 2 10 8 6 4 2

Insignificant 1 5 4 3 2 1

TABLE 5-4: RISK CRITERIA AND ACTION REQUIREMENTS

Risk Significance Criteria Definition & Action Requirements

High (16 - 25) “Risk requires attention” – Project HSE Management need to ensure

that necessary mitigation are adopted to ensure that possible risk remains

within acceptable limits

Medium (10 – 15) “Risk is tolerable” – Project HSE Management needs to adopt necessary

measures to prevent any change/modification of existing risk controls and

ensure implementation of all practicable controls.

Low (5 – 9) “Risk is acceptable” – Project related risks are managed by well-

established controls and routine processes/procedures. Implementation of

additional controls can be considered.

Very Low (1 – 4) “Risk is acceptable” – All risks are managed by well-established

controls and routine processes/procedures. Additional risk controls need

not to be considered


SENES 159 ONGC

5.3 RISK ASSESSMENT OF IDENTIFIED PROJECT HAZARDS

As already discussed in the previous section, three major categories risk have identified in

relation to proposed drilling activities. A comprehensive risk assessment study has been

undertaken to assess and evaluate significance of identified risks in terms of severity of

consequences and likelihood of occurrence. Risk assessment study details have been

summarized in the subsequent sections below:

5.3.1 Blow Outs/Loss of Well Control

Blow out is an uncontrolled release of well fluid (primarily hydrocarbons viz. Oil and/or gas

and may also include drilling mud, completion fluid, water etc.) from well bore. Blow outs

are the result of failure to control a kick and regain pressure control and are typically caused

by equipment failure or human error. The possible blow out cause events occurring in

isolation or in combination have been listed below:

Formation fluid entry into well bore

Loss of containment due to malfunction (viz. wire lining)

Well head damage (e.g. by fires, storms, dropped object etc.)

Rig forced off station (e.g. by anchor failure) damaging Blow Out Preventor (BOP) or

wellhead

The most common cause of blow out can be associated with the sudden/unexpected

entry/release of formation fluid into well bore that may arise as a result of the following

events as discussed in the Box 5.2 below.


SENES 160 ONGC

BOX 5.2: PRIMARY CAUSES OF BLOW OUTS

Shallow gas

In shallow formations there may be pockets of shallow gas. In these instances there is often insufficient

mud density in the well and no BOP is in place. If the hole strikes shallow gas the gas may be released on

the drilling rig very rapidly. Typical geological features which suggest the presence of shallow gas can

then be detected. Historically, striking of shallow gas has been one of the most frequent causes of

blowouts in drilling.

Swabbing

As the drill pipe is pulled upwards during trips out of the hole or upward movement of the drill string, the

pressure in the hole beneath the drill bit is reduced, creating a suction effect. Sufficient drilling mud must

be pumped down-hole to compensate for this effect or well fluids may enter the bore. Swabbing is also a

frequent cause of drilling blowouts.

High formation pressure

Drilling into an unexpected zone of high pressure may allow formation fluids to enter the well before mud

weight can be increased to prevent it.

Insufficient mud weight

The primary method of well control is the use of drilling mud; in correct operation, the hydrostatic

pressure exerted by the mud prevents well fluids from entering the well bore. A high mud weight

provides safety against well fluids in-flows. However, a high mud weight reduces drilling speed,

therefore, mud weight is calculated to establish weight most suitable to safely control anticipated

formation pressures and allows optimum rates of penetration. If the required mud weight is incorrectly

calculated then well fluid may be able to enter the bore.

Lost Circulation

Drilling mud circulation can be lost if mud enters a permeable formation instead of returning to the rig.

This reduces the hydrostatic pressures exerted by the mud throughout the well bore, and may allow well

fluids from another formation to enter the bore.

Gas cut mud

Drilling fluids are denser than well fluids; this density is required to provide the hydrostatic pressure

which prevents well fluids from entering the bore. If well fluids mix with the mud then its density will be

reduced. As mud is circulated back to surface, hydrostatic pressure exerted by the mud column is reduced.

Once gas reaches surface it is released into the atmosphere.

Source: A Guide to Quantitative Risk Assessment for Offshore Installations; John Spouge – DNV Technica

Publication 99/100a

For better understanding, causes of blow outs have been systematically defined in terms of

loss of pressure control (failure of primary barrier), uncontrolled flow of fluid or failure of

secondary barrier (BOP). The blow out incidents resulting from primary and secondary

failures for proposed operations as obtained through comprehensive root cause analysis of the


SENES 161 ONGC

Gulf Coast (Texas, OCS and US Gulf of Mexico) Blow Outs5 during 1960-1996 have been

presented in the Table 5-5 below.

Table 5-5: Blow Out Cause Distribution for Failures during Drilling Operations

Sl. No Causal Factors Blow Out Incidents (nos.)

A Primary Barrier

1 Swabbing 77

2 Drilling Break 52

3 Formation breakdown 38

4 Trapped/expanding gas 09

5 Gas cut mud 26

6 Low mud weight 17

7 Wellhead failure 05

8 Cement setting 05

B Secondary Barrier

1 Failure to close BOP 07

2 Failure of BOP after closure 13

3 BOP not in place 10

4 Fracture at casing shoe 03

5 Failure to stab string valve 09

6 Casing leakage 06

Thus, underlying blowout causes as discussed in the above table can be primarily attributed

to swabbing as the primary barrier failure which is indicative of insufficient attention given to

trip margin and controlling pipe movement speed. Also, it is evident from the above table that

lack of proper maintenance, operational failures and absence of BOPs as secondary barrier

contributed to majority of blowout incidents (approx 30 nos.) is recorded.

Blowout Frequency Analysis

Blow out frequency estimates is obtained from a combination of incident experience and

associated exposure in a given area over a given period. For the purpose of calculation of

blow out frequency analysis in context of the present study involving drilling operations,

blow out frequencies per well drilled have been considered. However due to the lack of

availability of representative data on onshore blow out incidents relevant offshore accident

database viz. SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database, OGP Risk Assessment Data Directory

(RADD) and Scandpower which have been referred. The blow out frequency per operation as

calculated is based on the SINTEF Offshore. Blowout Database for Oil and gas extraction

industry has been presented in the Figure 5-2 below.

5 “Trends extracted from 1200 Gulf Coast blowouts during 1960-1996” – Pal Skalle and A.L.Podio


SENES 162 ONGC

FIGURE 5-2: BLOW OUT FREQUENCIES IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

With respect to the proposed project, the blow out occurrence frequency as based on analysis

of historical data6 has been considered to be 7.5 X 10-3 per well drilled. Based on the given

frequency and information provided by ONGC on the proposed project drilling program the

blow out frequency is calculated as follows:

No of wells to be drilled = 4(A)

Blow out frequency for drilling = 7.5 X 10-3 per well drilled (B)

Frequency of blow out occurrence for the proposed project = (A X B) = 4 X 7.5 X 10-3

= 3.00 X 10-2per well drilled

Thus, the blow out frequency for the proposed project is calculated at 3.0 X 10-2per well

drilled i.e. the likelihood of its occurrence is “Occasional/Rare”

Blowout Consequence Analysis

Blow out from a hydrocarbon well may lead to the following possible risk consequences:

Pool fires and smoke plumes resulting from ignited oil blow outs

Jet fires resulting from ignited gas blow outs

6 Analysis of the SINTEF database for the US GoM OCS/North Sea for the period 1980-92 by Scandpower

(1995)


SENES 163 ONGC

Oil slicks resulting from un-ignited oil pools.

Pool fire

A pool fire is a turbulent diffusion fire burning above a pool of vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel

where the fuel vapor has negligible initial momentum. The probability of occurrence of pool

fires for oil and gas exploration is high due to continuous handling of heavy hydrocarbons.

The evaporation of hydrocarbons from a pool forms a cloud of vapor above the pool surface

which, on ignition, leads to generation of pool fire.

For the purpose of consequence modeling for pool fires resulting from blow outs, following

hypothetical scenarios in terms of hydrocarbon (particularly crude Oil) release rates (Table 5-

6) have been considered based on DNV Technica’s FLARE program.

TABLE 5-6: POOL FIRE MODELING SCENARIOS

Scenario Release Rate (kg/s) Release Type

Scenario - I 1 Small

Scenario - II 10 Medium

Scenario – III (Worst Case) 50 Large

The release rates as specified for the aforesaid scenarios have been utilized in the computing

the pool fire diameter utilizing the following equation and input parameters:

D = √4Q/πb

Where D = pool diameter (m)

Q = release rate (kg/s)

b = burning rate (kg/m2s)

The mass burning rate for crude Oil has been considered to be 0.05 kg/m2s

Based on above equation, the pool fire diameter and the steady study burning areas computed

for various release types have been presented in the Table 5-7 below.

TABLE 5-7: POOL FIRE DIAMETER & STEADY STATE BURNING AREA

Scenario Release

Rate (kg/s)

Release

Type

Pool fire

diameter (m)

Steady State

Burning Area (m2)

Scenario - I 1 Small 5.05 6.37

Scenario - II 10 Medium 15.96 63.69

Scenario - III 50 Large 35.69 318.47

The impact zone for long duration fires is conveniently described by thermal radiation

contours and its effects on the people who are exposed to such radiation levels for one minute

(60sec). The thermal radiation threshold values (measured in kilowatts per square meter)

defined for crude Oil pool fire consequence modeling is provided in Table 5-8 below:


SENES 164 ONGC

TABLE 5-8: THERMAL RADIATION INTENSITY THRESHOLD VALUES IMPACT CRITERION

Threshold Radiation

Intensity

Threat

Zone Impact Criterion

5.0 kW/m2 Green Escape actions within one minute.

Cause second degree burns within 60 sec.

12.5 kW/m2 Blue Escape actions lasting for few seconds.

Cause second degree burns within 40 sec.

37.5 kW/m2 Red

Results in immediate fatality.

Pain threshold is instantaneous leading to second

degree burns within 8 sec.

For estimating the distance to a pool fire heat radiation level that could cause second degree

burns and fatality for a maximum exposure of 60 sec the following EPA equation and input

parameters are utilized.

))T - (T C (H 5000

A0.0001 H X

ABpvc

Where:

X = distance to the heat radiation level (m)

HC = heat of combustion of the flammable liquid (joules/kg)

HV = heat of vaporization of the flammable liquid (joules/kg)

A = pool area (m2)

CP = liquid heat capacity (joules/kg-ºK)

TB = boiling temperature of the liquid (ºK)

TA = ambient temperature (ºK)

For crude Oil HC = 42600000 joules/kg; HV = 957144 joules/kg; CP = 1892 joules/kg-ºK;

TB = 633 ºK and TA = 300 ºK. The following input parameter along with pool area (m2)

computed for blow out risk scenarios provided the distance to the threshold heat radiation

levels for the threat zones and have been presented in Table 5-9 below

TABLE 5-9: DISTANCE TO THERMAL RADIATION THRESHOLD LEVELS

Release

Type

Pool fire

diameter (m)

Pool fire

area (m2)

Distance to

5.0 kW/m2

(m)

Distance to

12.5 kW/m2

(m)

Distance to

37.5 kW/m2

(m)

Small 5.05 6.37 6.81 4.31 2.49

Medium 15.96 63.69 21.54 13.62 7.86

Large 35.69 318.47 48.16 30.46 17.59


SENES 165 ONGC

The worst hazard for release and ignition of crude oil at a rate of 50kg/s for a thermal

radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is likely to be experienced to a maximum distance of

17.59m from the source with potential lethal effects experienced within 8 sec.

Risk Ranking – Blowout Pool Fire (Worst Case Scenario)

Likelihood ranking 3 Consequence ranking 4

Risk Ranking & Significance = 12 i.e. “Medium”

Jet fire

Jet fires are burning jet of gas or sprays of atomized liquids resulting from gas and

condensate release from high pressure equipment and blow outs. Jet fires may also result in

the release of high pressure liquid containing dissolved gas due to gas flashing off and

turning the liquid into a spray of small droplets. In context of the present study, formation of

jet fires can be attributed by the high pressure release and ignition of natural gas if

encountered during exploration of block hydrocarbon reserves.

Natural gas as recovered from underground deposits primarily contains methane (CH4) as a

flammable component, but it also contains heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as ethane

(C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Other gases such as CO2, nitrogen and hydrogen

sulfide (H2S) are also often present. Methane is typically 70-90 percent, ethane 5-15 percent,

propane and butane, up to 5 percent. Thus, considering higher percentage of methane in

natural gas, the thermo-chemical properties of the same has been utilized in the jet fire blow

out consequence modeling. The following risk scenarios (Table 5-10) have been considered

for jet fire consequence modeling:

TABLE 5-10: JET FIRE MODELING SCENARIOS

Scenario Release Rate (kg/s) Release Type

Scenario - I 1 Small

Scenario - II 5 Medium

Scenario – III (Worst Case) 10 Large

Gas release rates for each scenario have been utilized in the calculating jet fire flame length.

Flame length calculation is done using API RP521 (API 1982) model and is based on the fuel

type

Lf = 0.00326 (Q Hc) 0.41

Where

Lf = flame length (m)


Hc = heat of combustion (J/kg) i.e. (5.0 X 107 J/kg for methane)


SENES 166 ONGC

The flame length calculated based on the above equation for jet fire is presented in the Table

5-11 below.

TABLE 5-11: JET FIRE FLAME LENGTH FOR RISK SCENARIOS CONSIDERED

Scenario Release Rate (kg/s) Release Type Flame Length (m)

Scenario - I 1 Small 4.68

Scenario - II 5 Medium 9.04

Scenario – III (Worst Case) 10 Large 12.02

The thermal radiation intensity threshold values and its possible impacts for jet fire is similar

to that considered for pool fire (Refer Table 5-8) The distance to the radiation intensity levels

for risk scenarios have been predicted based on the Chamberlain model calculation. The

following relationships for distance along the flame axis to various thermal radiation levels

have been calculated:

For 5.0 kW/m2; Lf = 19.50 (Q) 0.447

For 12.5 kW/m2; Lf = 16.15 (Q) 0.447

For 37.5 kW/m2; Lf = 13.37 (Q) 0.447

Where Lf = flame length (m)


Based on equation specified for thermal radiation intensities the distance of flame calculated

for various gas release rates under risk scenarios discussed have been presented in the Table

5-12 below.

TABLE 5-12: JET FIRE HAZARD RANGES

Release Type Release Rate

(kg/s)

Distance to 5.0

kW/m2 (m)

Distance to 12.5

kW/m2 (m)

Distance to 37.5

kW/m2 (m)

Small 1 19.5 16.2 13.4

Medium 5 40.0 33.2 27.5

Large 10 54.6 45.2 37.4

As provided in the above table the flame length for the jet fire risk scenarios considered at

respective threshold radiation intensity values is likely to vary from

19.5 – 54.6m for 5.0 kW/m2 thermal radiation



The worst hazard for release and ignition of natural at a rate of 10kg/s for a thermal radiation

intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is likely to be experienced to a maximum distance of 37.4m from

the source with potential lethal effects likely to be experienced within 8 sec.


SENES 167 ONGC

Risk Ranking – Blowout Jet Fire (Worst Case Scenario)



Oil Spill

Crude oil spills resulting from blow out may result in the formation of un-ignited pools of

liquid the spreading of which is governed by physical factors viz. wind speed, sea currents

(for offshore spills), release rates and spilled chemical characteristics viz. density. Near to the

source of a continuous release, the spreading is dominated by gravity and limited by internal

forces with thickness generally varying within 10-20 mm. The spill movement is then resisted

by the viscous shear forces which then continue until the spill thickness is about 1.0 mm.

Subsequently, surface tension takes over as the dominant spreading mechanism and it

continues until the thickness has reduced to 0.01 – 0.1 mm which may take about 7-10 days

for a large spill depending on various factors as discussed earlier.

With respect to the QRA study hypothetical release rates of 1.0kg/s, 5.0 kg/s and 10.0 kg/s

for 1 day, 4days and 7days respectively have been considered as the possible risk scenarios

for modeling the spread of oil spill following a blow-out incident. The diameter of the pool in

the first phase of an unignited continuous release is obtained by the following equation:

D = 2 [g X Q/ρL 2π] t3/4

Where

D = pool diameter (m)

g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)


ρL = liquid density (kg/m3) (crude oil density is 790 kg/ m3)

t = time since start of release (s)

The pool fire diameter so calculated for the aforesaid risk scenarios have been presented in

the Table 5-13 below.

TABLE 5-13: POOL DIAMETER FOR OIL SPILL RISK SCENARIOS

Release Type Release Rate (kg/s) Release Time (s) Oil Spill Pool Diameter (m)

Small 1 86400 19.9

Medium 5 259200 226.9

Large 10 432000 665.7

Hence, for a worst case spill scenario involving a crude oil release rate of 10kg/s for a period

of 7 days the pool diameter for an un-ignited continuous release is predicted to be about

665.7 m. The ignition of the oil pool may lead to the formation of pool fires - consequences


SENES 168 ONGC

of which have been discussed earlier under the risk related to pool fires. Although the un-

ignited pool is not considered to be of major significance, it may gain significance based on

the environmental impacts that may result from it depending on sensitive receptors identified

abutting the proposed project well sites.

Risk Ranking – Blowout Oil Spills (Worst Case Scenario)



Preventive and Mitigation Measures

Blowouts being events which may be catastrophic to any well operation, it is essential to take

up as much a preventive measures as feasible. This includes:

Necessary active barriers (eg. Well-designed Blowout Preventor) be installed to

control or contain a potential blowout.

Weekly blow out drills be carried out to test reliability of BOP and preparedness of

drilling team.

Close monitoring of drilling activity be done to check for signs of increasing pressure,

like from shallow gas formations.

Installation of hydrocarbon detectors.

Periodic monitoring and preventive maintenance be undertaken for primary and

secondary barriers installed for blow out prevention, including third party inspection

& testing

An appropriate Emergency Response Plan be finalized and implemented by ONGC.

Marking of hazardous zone (500 meters) around the well site and monitoring of

human movements in the zone.

Training and capacity building exercises/programs be carried out for onsite drilling

crew on potential risks associated with exploratory drilling and their possible

mitigation measures.

Installation of mass communication and public address equipment.

Good layout of well site and escape routes.

Additionally, ONGC will be adopting and implementing the following Safe Operating

Procedures (SOPs) developed as part of its Onsite Emergency Response Plan to prevent and

address any blow out risks that may result during drilling activities:

Blow Out Control Equipment

Choke lines and Choke Manifold Installation with Surface BOP

Kill Lines and Kill Manifold Installation with Surface BOP

Control System for Surface BOP stacks

Testing of Blow Out Prevention Equipment


SENES 169 ONGC

BOP Drills

5.3.2 Process Leaks/Fires

Process leaks are can be defined as hydrocarbon releases from process equipment (flanges,

valves, pressure vessel etc.) excluding blowouts and are relatively frequent events. In most

cases they are small in nature and can be effectively controlled. However, if this is not

possible, they can trigger events like fire or explosions which may potentially have higher

consequences.

Process Leaks – Frequency Analysis

The frequency of process leaks can be estimated directly from analysis of historical data

obtained from E & P Forum hydrocarbon leak database (E&P forum 1992), World Offshore

Accident Database (WOAD) and OREDA. Although onshore data is available for process

leaks, the information is not considered representative of the actual scenario. Under such

circumstances historical data available on hydrocarbon leaks in the OGP authenticated

offshore accident databases have been considered for purpose of process leak frequency

analysis. Review of HSE hydrocarbon release database indicates that majority of the leaks

(approx 45%) occurred during production with drilling/well operation contributing is only

10%. Range of frequencies for various possible events is presented in the Table 5-14 below.

TABLE 5-14: LEAK FREQUENCIES FOR PROCESS EQUIPMENT

Equipment Type Frequency

(per equipment item year)

Flanges 8.8 X 10-5

Valves 2.3 X 10-4

Small Bore Fitting 4.7 X 10-4

Pressure Vessel 1.5 X 10-4

Pumps, centrifugal, double seal 1.7 X 10-2

Pumps, reciprocating, double seal 3.1 X 10-1

Compressors, centrifugal 1.4 X 10-2

Compressors, reciprocating 6.6 X 10-1

Source: HSE Hydrocarbon Release Database

Hence, with the proposed project span over a period of 2 years, frequency analysis for the

process leaks from various process equipmentsare calculated as follows (Table 5-15)

TABLE 5-15: PROJECT PROCESS EQUIPMENT’S LEAK FREQUENCIES

Equipment Type Frequency (A)

(per item year)

Drilling Period

(yrs) –(B)

Occurrence

Frequency (A x B)

Frequency

Class

Flanges 8.8 X 10-5 2 1.76 X 10-4 Not Likely


SENES 170 ONGC

Equipment Type Frequency (A)

(per item year)

Drilling Period

(yrs) –(B)

Occurrence

Frequency (A x B)

Frequency

Class

Valves 2.3 X 10-4 2 4.60 X 10-4 Not Likely

Small Bore Fitting 4.7 X 10-4 2 0.94 X 10-3 Not Likely

Pressure Vessel 1.5 X 10-4 2 3.00 X 10-4 Not Likely

Pumps, centrifugal,

double seal 1.7 X 10-2 2 3.40 X 10-2 Occasional/Rare

Pumps, reciprocating,

double seal 3.1 X 10-1 2 6.20 X 10-1 Probable

Compressors,

centrifugal 1.4 X 10-2 2 2.80 X 10-2 Probable

Compressors,

reciprocating 6.6 X 10-1 2 1.32 Frequent

Thus, as discussed above in most of the cases the frequency of occurrence of process leaks

for the proposed project is either “Not Likely” or “Probable” with hydrocarbon release from

reciprocating pumps and compressor is predicted to be “Frequent”. Further, taking into

account that ONGC plans to undertake periodic monitoring and preventive maintenance of

such process equipment’s occurrence of such process leaks is likely to be less frequent.

Process Leaks – Consequence Analysis

The potential consequences of a hydrocarbon leak from process equipment (flanges, valves,

pressure vessel etc.) will depend, to a large extent on steps that can be taken to control or

mitigate effect. There is considerable chance that a process leak might be ignited (either

immediate or delayed) resulting in a fire or explosion. The following scenarios can occur if a

hydrocarbon leak is ignited:

Jet fires resulting from gas releases ignited early

Pool fires and smoke plumes from ignited oil releases.

The evolution of a fire or explosion scenario as a result of a process leak can follow a

complex chain of events which can be studied in further detail through a fault tree or what-if

analysis. Fires or explosions resulting from ignition of hydrocarbon leaks can cause severe

consequences, if it goes out of control and can damage equipment’s, including the drilling rig

itself and can have severe adverse effect on the surrounding environment

The process leak consequences viz. jet fire and pool fire is likely to arise out of an ignition of

the oil pool/vapour cloud formed. However, the same is dependent on the ignition

probabilities accounted in relevant databases maintaining records of accidental events

occurring over the years with respect to oil and gas industry. Review of the SINTEF


SENES 171 ONGC

database for major and minor process leaks indicated the following generic ignition

probabilities (Table 5-16).

Table 5-16: Generic Ignition Probabilities

Release Rate Category Release Rate (kg/s) Gas Leak

Probability

Oil Leak

Probability

Minor <1 0.01 0.01

Major 1-50 0.07 0.03

Massive >50 0.30 0.08

Although records review of the Norwegian Oil and gas installations indicated ignition delay

for process leaks whereas the OCB/Technica (1988) revealed that for about 50% of the cases

the ignition was delayed by about 5 minutes or more allowing escape of onsite crew and

drilling personnel.

However, as similar consequences viz. pool fire and jet fires are anticipated from process

leaks as in blow outs, identical risk scenarios have been considered (in terms of oil and gas

release rates) for leak consequence modeling based on professional judgment and analysis of

process leak accident database. Hence, consequence modeling for process leaks/fires will be

similar to that undertaken for well blow outs as discussed in the earlier section (Refer section

5.3.1).

Risk Ranking – Process Leak Pool fire and Jet fire (Worst Case Scenario)


Risk Ranking & Significance = 8 i.e. “Low”


The preventive and mitigation measures for process leaks, fires and explosions will be

implemented. Mitigative measures include the following:

Provision for adequate leak and fire detection alarm systems;

Installation of firefighting equipments, portable and fixed.

Potential sources of ignition like welding/hot works, compressors, electrical

equipment, compressors etc. be minimized, as far as practicable;

Proper ventilation be arranged for in hazardous area to allow for inflammable gases to

dissipate, when a release has occurred;

Proper mechanisms like ESDs which can isolate leaks effectively need to be installed,

in high risk process trains.

Effective barriers in the form of blast walls, blast relief panels, etc. be installed to

shield workers from high risk area where explosions may occur.

Strict implementation of permit to work system and hazardous zone classification.

Basic firefighting training to all working on the drilling rig.


SENES 172 ONGC

Installation of electrical equipment as per the hazardous zone classification.

5.3.3 Non-process fires/explosions

Non-process fires are any fires and explosions that involve material other than hydrocarbons

(e.g. electrical fires, diesel fires, accommodation fires, miscellaneous sources etc.). Most non-

process fires are small incidents which can be managed within the facility using existing

firefighting equipment’s. Such fires have however a higher frequency of occurrence

compared to process fires and explosions as recorded by HSE database and World Offshore

Accident Database (WOAD). Due to the absence of veritable data source recording non-

process fire/explosion incidents for onshore installations the aforesaid databases for upstream

oil and gas sector have been referred in an effort to analyze non-process fire/explosion risks

with respect to the proposed project.

Historically, few fatalities have been reported from non-process fires and most of them have

been successfully managed at the installation level. Based on the WOAD 1996 statistical

report, the average fatality rate for non-process fires is estimated at 10-3 platform year. Again,

these fatalities have already been addressed under risks covered under personal accidents and

need not be considered for fatalities due to non-process fires. However, as they have a higher

probability to occur such incidents may cause inconveniences and come in the way of smooth

operation of the drilling activities. The frequency of occurrence of fires due to possible non-

process accident has listed in the Table 5-17 below:

TABLE 5-17: FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE - NON-PROCESS FIRES

Non-Process Accidents Frequency (per year)

Electrical fires 7.0 X 10-2

Diesel fires 9.2 X 10-3

Machinery fires 2.2 X 10-3

Miscellaneous fires 2.1 X 10-3

Source: WOAD

As a result, though the damage potential is low, it is important to take appropriate safeguard

measures to minimize their occurrence. Many of these measures can be implemented through

the stipulation of simple work instructions and procedures.

Risk Ranking for Non-Process Fires


Risk Ranking & Significance = 3 i.e. “Low”


SENES 173 ONGC


The preventive and mitigation measures for small non-process fires would be implemented

by delineating appropriate operational procedures through the existing safety management

system.

5.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.4.1 Objective

The primary objective of the DMP is to provide a safe, timely, effective and coordinated

response by the onsite Emergency Response Team (ERT), along with the other local and

government agencies/departments to prevent or minimize any major emergencies that may

arise from possible failures/risks viz. blow outs, oil spill, fire & explosion etc. associated with

drilling.

The main objectives of this plan are:

To minimize the risk for human life, environment and common property resources, by

means of an effective and efficient intervention;

Protection of the environment;

Protection of public safety;

To initiate the early and efficient response throughout the utilization of all available

resources.

5.4.2 Purpose

The purpose of the DMP is to effectively manage and control the emergencies occurring

during project operations. This DMP ensures,

Emergency response group is effective & adequate;

Clear roles and responsibilities of key personnel & support groups;

Availability and adequacy of emergency infrastructure & resources; and

Efficient emergency communication

5.4.3 Emergency Classification

Due consideration is given to the severity of potential emergency situation that may arise as a

result of storage tank as discussed in the Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) study. Not all

emergency situations call for mobilization of same resources or emergency actions and

therefore, the emergencies are classified into three levels depending on their severity and

potential impact, so that appropriate emergency response procedures can be effectively

implemented by the Emergency/Crisis Management Team. The emergency levels/tiers

defined with respect to this project based on their severity have been discussed in the


SENES 174 ONGC

subsequent sections with 'decision tree' for emergency classification being depicted in Figure

5-3.

FIGURE 5-3: EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION “DECISION TREE”

5.4.4 Level 1 - Emergency

An event that can be dealt with by on-site/location personnel and resources; the event does

not have any effect outside the site and external agencies are unlikely to be involved. There is

unlikely to be danger to life, to the environment, or to Company assets or reputation. The

Disaster Management Plan and relevant procedures are activated; the Site Head is notified.


It is an event which may be dealt by the ONGC Emergency/Crisis Management Team but

requires involvement of wider Company support and external services. The initial event may

be “on-site”, having some effects outside the site or be “off-site”, and external emergency

EMERGENCY

Activate Disaster Management Plan

Mobilization of equipment/human

resources available onsite is sufficient

to contain the emergency

Containment of emergency requires

involvement of additional resources

and local emergency responder group’s

viz. local police, fire brigade etc

NO

YES LEVEL 1

EMERGENCY

YES LEVEL 2

EMERGENCY

Management of emergency requires the

involvement of District/State Disaster

Management Team

NO

YES LEVEL 3

EMERGENCY


SENES 175 ONGC

services will be involved. There is likely to be a danger to life, the environment, or company

assets or reputation. The Disaster Management Plan and relevant procedures are activated;

local administrative bodies and Emergency Response Groups including ONGC India

Corporate are notified.


It is a major event which requires the involvement of District or State Crisis Management

Group. For Company this may result from insufficient local resources and/or because the

incident has broader implications such as reputation, legal prosecution, financial loss etc.

Under such circumstances, the Disaster Management Plan is activated; ONGC India

Corporate, District/State Administrative Authorities and other Emergency Response Groups

are notified.

The criterion for classification of various levels of emergencies and associated response has

been presented in the Figure 5-4 below.

FIGURE 5-4: EMERGENCY RESPONSE LEVELS

Level Type Criteria for Classification

Level 1 Small Minor medical or injury case requiring no external support

Equipment damage without any significant impact on operation

Minor fire without any personnel injury or plant damage

Net negative financial impact of <1 crores.

Small operational spills

No potential impact on flora and fauna of identified eco-sensitive areas.

Local stakeholder concern and public attention

Level 2 Medium Fire and explosion which requires external assistance

Requires evacuation of injured personnel and locals through assistance from

local emergency groups.

Loss of corporate image and reputation

Adverse impact on environmental sensitivities (if any) within a radius of

1km.

Medium sized spills

Net negative financial impact of 1 - 5crore

Level 3 Large

Incident leading to multiples injuries or fatalities

Requires assistance from District/State emergency responding groups.

Adverse impact on environmental sensitivities (if any) within a radius of

>1km.

Major oil spills

State/nationwide media coverage

Net negative financial loss of >5crore

5.4.7 ONGC Emergency Response/Crisis Management Team

ONGC has in place an Emergency Response/Crisis Management Team to respond to fire,

blow-out, spills, accidents and technical emergencies. These teams will be made up from


SENES 176 ONGC

operations personnel, who can be called upon 24 hours a day, supported by senior

management field personnel as and when required. The emergency response teams will

receive specific training for their roles and exercise on a regular basis. Specific roles and

responsibilities of the officials have been outlined below with the organizational structure

being presented in Figure 5.5.

5.4.8 Action Plan for Fire Fighting

General

As soon as fire is noticed, shout “FIRE” “FIRE” “FIRE” or “AAG” “AAG” “AAG”. Try to

eliminate the fire by using proper portable fire extinguishers.

Installation Manager

He should ensure regularly the working status of fire equipment / its maintenance through fire

section and see that they are kept in their respective places as per the need. As soon as, the

fire accident is reported, rush to site and take charge of the situation. Inform Mines Manger

besides Area Manager as well Fire Manager.

Shift In-charge

If situation demands sound “Hooter”; call on the nearest Fire Services and Hospital attending

doctor. Inform Installation Manager / Field Manager / Surface Area Manager. Give

instructions to the assembled staff and get the best out of them.

Drilling Officials

Remove other inflammable materials to the safer distance. Remove important documents to a

safer place. The first aid trained persons should be ready to give first aid to the injured

persons and move them to the hospital if required. Get well acquainted with the location of

the wells.

Electrical Officials

No naked flame should be allowed. Generator should be stopped. Electrical lines are required

to be de-energized. See that uninterrupted supply of water from tube well to the fire services.

Mechanical Officials

Get the instruction from the Shift In-charge to act accordingly to stop the equipment and

ready to carry out repair jobs if required like pump problems of fire services etc. Help

production officials in removing inflammable materials.

Transport Officials

Get vehicles parked at a safer distance. See that approach road is clear for fire services

vehicle to the approach the accident site.


SENES 177 ONGC

Security at Gate

To prevent unauthorized entry of persons / vehicles inside the area of responsibility and also

to ensure no abnormal activity by unauthorized persons is allowed.

Fire Officials

On arrival they fight fire with the assistance of site staff in extinguishing the fire. If the

situation still proves to be beyond control, then the help from the nearest agencies could be

taken.

Fire Control Room

A fire control room will be set up for smooth functioning of firefighting/ rescue operations at

the site of incident. Manager (F.S)/ one fire officer or senior most person of fire section will

be I/C of that control room. Meanwhile one Fire officer will take charge of Control Room of

Central Fire Station to assist/ back support for required fire equipment / man power. In charge

control room of Central fire Station will be responsible for arranging of man power and

equipment if required at site.

Area Manager: (In Case of Major Fire)

Pre-identified source of additional water to be used for uninterrupted supply of water. If

situation demands, pits be dug to store sufficient water, pipeline be laid to carry water from

the sources to water pits. Maintenance party to remain to attend any problem. Besides special

maintenance team is immediately sought from the workshop. Arrangements to provide

flameproof lights at a safer distance.

Arrangements to provide mud and chemicals necessary to control situation. Arrangements for

food, water, temporary rest rooms or tents for the officials on the round the clock duty at site.

To keep ready fleet of jeeps, tractors, crane to meet demand.

SENES 178 ONGC

6 Environmental Management Plan &

Monitoring Framework

This Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Framework is a site specific

document that has been developed to ensure that ONGC can implement exploration of

hydrocarbons in an environmentally conscious manner and where all contractors, understand

the potential environmental risks arising out of the proposed project and take appropriate

actions to properly manage such risk. This EMP will be an overview document that will

guide environment management of all aspects of ONGC’s activities within the VN-ONN-

2009/3 PEL Block in Damoh and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh. This EMP will be

backed up by more specific Environmental Action Plans, Procedures and Bridging

Documents with the progress of the well site preparation, drilling, well testing and site

decommissioning activities.

The EMP describes the actions to be adopted in terms of:

National Policies and Regulations

Best Practices and guides

Local Environmental and Social Sensitivities

6.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLANS

The Environment Management Plans detail out the mitigation measures to be implemented

both by ONGC and Contractors during various stages of the exploratory activity within the

VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block. The following environmental management plans have been

formulated in line with the proposed project activities viz. site preparation, drilling, well

testing and decommissioning.

Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan

Waste Management Plan

Flare and illumination Management Plan

Storm Water Management Plan

Spill Management Plan

Road Safety and Traffic Management Plan

Occupational Health & Safety Management Plan


SENES 179 ONGC

Management of Social Issues and Concerns

Site Closure Plan

ONGC will ensure communication and implementation of the aforesaid management plans

prior to the commencement of site preparation and drilling operations in the field. In addition,

the mitigation measures for social issues and concerns are also separately presented in this

report. An Emergency Response Plan to address technological emergency situations viz. blow

outs, fires, oil spill etc. etc. that may arise out of drilling operations has already been

discussed in previous chapter. In cases, where there are possible overlaps, the plans have

been cross-referenced to avoid repetition. Additional mitigation measures to ensure effective

management of identified environmental aspects during various phases of the proposed

project have been discussed under the aforesaid plans in the subsequent sections and

summarized in Table 6.3 for ease of reference.

6.1.1 Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan (PPAP)

Scope

The Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan (PPAP) is applicable for and encompasses both

construction and operational phase activities for the proposed project which has the potential

to adversely impact ambient air &noise quality, water quality and Soil quality of the VN-

ONN-2009/3 PEL Block.

Purpose

The PPAP establishes specific measures and guidelines aimed at effectively addressing and

mitigating the air, noise, water and Soil quality impacts that may arise as result of well site

preparation and access road construction/strengthening, drilling operations, well testing and

decommissioning/site closure. The plan also details out roles and responsibilities of ONGC

and the contractors to ensure effective implementation of the plan.

Mitigation Measures & Strategies

The following mitigation measures need to be adopted and implemented by ONGC and its

contractors during various phases of the proposed project to prevent and control air emissions

(both point and fugitive), high noise generation, Soil contamination and fertility loss,

contamination and depletion of ground water resources and storm water discharge.

A. Control of fugitive and point source emissions

Project Phase Mitigation measures

Construction Siting of well and borrow areas away from human

settlement/habitation and sensitive receptors.

Vehicles delivering raw materials like Soil and fine aggregates will

be covered to prevent fugitive emissions.

Storage and handling of raw material and debris will be carefully


SENES 180 ONGC


managed to prevent generation of fugitive dust.

Sprinkling of water on earthworks, and transportation routes on a

regular basis during dry season.

All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be

subjected to preventive maintenance as per manufacturer norms.

All vehicles utilized in transportation of raw material and personnel

will have valid Pollution under Control Certificate (PUC). Vehicular

exhaust will be complying with the CPCB specified emission norms

for heavy diesel vehicles.

The top Soil generated from site clearance activities will be stored

in designated area and stabilized to prevent fugitive dust emissions.

Drilling and well testing Exhausts of engines on the drilling rig diesel generators will be

positioned at a sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust

emissions; engines will not be left running unnecessarily.

Preventive maintenance of DG sets will be undertaken as per

manufacturers schedule to ensure compliance with CPCB specified

generator exhaust. Flaring will be undertaken in accordance with the

CPCB Guidelines for Discharge of Gaseous Emissions for Oil &

Gas Extraction Industry.

Duration of flaring will be minimized by careful planning;

High combustion efficiency, smokeless flare/burner will be used.

An efficient test flare burner head equipped with an appropriate

combustion enhancement system will be selected to minimize

incomplete combustion, black smoke, and hydrocarbon fallout.

Volumes of hydrocarbons flared will be recorded.

Decommissioning/Site

Closure

Mitigation measures to address the air quality impacts resulting from

vehicular movement, operation of heavy construction machinery and

material handling are similar to those discussed above

B. Control of Noise and Vibration


Construction Selection and use of low noise generating equipment equipped with

engineering controls viz. mufflers, silencers etc

All vehicles utilized in transportation of raw material and personnel

will have valid Pollution under Control Certificate (PUC)

Periodic preventive maintenance of vehicles as per manufacturer’s

schedule to ensure compliance with the vehicular noise limits

specified by CPCB

All high noise generating equipment will be identified and subjected

to periodic preventive maintenance.

No night time operation of vehicles and construction activities will


SENES 181 ONGC


be undertaken.

Engines of vehicles and construction equipment will be turned off

when not in use for long periods.

Drilling Installing acoustic enclosures and muffler on engine exhaust of DG

sets to ensure compliance with generator noise limits specified by

CPCB.

Restrict all noise generating operations ,except drilling, to daytime;

Periodic monitoring of noise levels on site and nearby receptors to

ensure compliance with Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control)

Rules 2000.


Closure

Management measures to address noise impacts with respect to operation

of heavy equipment/machinery and movement of vehicles during

decommissioning/site closure phase are similar to those discussed in the

“Construction Phase” of this section

C. Prevention and Control of Soil Quality Impacts


Construction Minimize felling of trees (at drill site located at forest land) through

proper and careful planning thereby reducing Soil erosion.

Site preparation and road strengthening/widening activities will be

restricted within defined boundaries.

Avoid construction activities during monsoon season as moist Soil

is most susceptible to compaction.

Use appropriate machinery and/or protective boarding during top

Soil stripping to ensure minimum compaction.

Debris and excavated material generated during construction

activities will be stockpiled in designated areas onsite. No material

will be disposed in adjacent land surrounding the site boundary.

For cleared areas, retain top Soil in stockpile where possible on

perimeter of site for subsequent re-spreading onsite during

restoration.

Provide embankment all around the heap of excavated top Soil and

cover it with jute mats to avoid erosion by the action of rains/strong

winds.

Install and maintain effective run-off controls, including silt traps,

straw barriers etc. so as to minimize erosion.

Drip trays to be used during vehicular/equipment maintenance and

during refueling operations.

In case of a spill, the spilled Soil is to be removed and stored in

hazardous waste storage area

Drilling Fuel and chemical storage areas will be paved and properly bunded.


SENES 182 ONGC


Bunded areas will be designed to accommodate 110% of the volume

of spilled material.

Spill kits will be made available at all fuel and chemical storage

areas. All spills/leaks contained, reported and cleaned up

immediately.

Drip pans/trays will be used in areas identified having spillage

potential but not limited to drill rig engine; electric generator

engine; pumps or other motors; maintenance areas; fuel transfer

areas.

In case of a spill, the spilled Soil is to be removed and stored in

hazardous waste storage area

Management of drill cuttings, waste drilling mud, waste oil and

domestic waste will be made in accordance with “Waste

Management Plan”


Closure

Decommissioning at the end of project life/drilling will have some

adverse impacts in terms of increase in Soil erosion and would require

adequate mitigation measures to minimize any adverse impacts. The

mitigation measures will be similar to those outlined for construction

phase activities as discussed earlier.

D. Prevention and Control of Surface Water Quality Impacts


Construction Minimize clearing and construction activities during monsoon

season (as far as practicable).

During site preparation and construction, surface water run-off will

be managed through implementation of proper drainage system and

silt trap and sedimentation tank onsite.

Sediment filters and oil-water interceptor will be installed by the

Contractor to intercept run-off and remove sediment before it enters

water courses.

Run-off discharges to natural drainage channels/water bodies to

conform to CPCB Inland Water Discharge Standards.

Regular inspection of surface water drainage/diversion system and

sediment controls will be undertaken.

Drilling Run-off from vehicular wash and chemical storage areas will be

channeled through closed drainage system provided with an oil-

water separator prior to silt trap and sedimentation tank to disposal

to nearby drainage channels/surface water bodies. Spill kits will be

made available in these areas.

Drip trays will be used during preventive maintenance of vehicles

and machinery.


SENES 183 ONGC


Hazardous chemicals and fuel drum will be stored in bunded and

lined area equipped with proper spill control equipment.

Management of drill cuttings, waste drilling mud, waste oil and

domestic waste will be made in accordance with “Waste

Management Plan”


Closure

No significant impacts to surface water quality can be associated with

activities during decommissioning/site closure phase. Any possible

impacts that may arise due to surface run-off will be mitigated in manner

similar to that discussed during construction phase activities.

E. Prevention and Control of Potable Water Quality Impacts


Construction No significant impact on the ground water/potable water quality can be

associated with the construction phase activities

Drilling The wells will be sited at a sufficient distance away from an existing

tube well or open well.

Proper casing and cementing of well will be done to prevent

contamination of sub-surface aquifers.

Water based mud to be used as a drilling fluid for the proposed

project

Selection of low toxicity chemicals/additives in the preparation of

water based mud.

Periodic monitoring of water quality will be carried out for village

potable water sources to assess the level of potable water

contamination, if any.

Run-off from vehicular wash and chemical storage areas will be

channeled through closed drainage system provided with an oil-

water separator prior to silt trap and sedimentation tank to disposal

to nearby drainage channels/surface water bodies. Spill kits will be

made available in these areas.

Drip trays will be used during preventive maintenance of vehicles

and machinery.

Hazardous chemicals and fuel drum will be stored in bunded and

lined area equipped with proper spill control equipment.

Storage and disposal of drill cutting and waste mud to be made in

accordance with “Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Plan”


Closure

No significant impacts to potable water quality can be associated with

activities during decommissioning/site closure phase. Any possible

impacts that may arise due to surface run-off will be mitigated in manner

similar to that discussed during construction phase activities.


SENES 184 ONGC


Scope

The Waste Management Plan (WMP) is applicable for all process and non-process waste

streams which are generated during various phases of ONGC’s proposed drilling and testing

of hydrocarbons in VN-ONN-2009/3 PEL Block. The major waste streams covered under

this plan includes drill cuttings, waste drilling mud, drilling wash water, kitchen waste and

sewage. In addition, waste oil and lead acid batteries generated from the proposed project

operations have also been dealt in this plan.

Purpose

The WMP establishes specific measures to ensure proper collection, storage, treatment and

disposal of the identified process and non-process waste streams in accordance with the

applicable national regulations and guidelines7 and also to ensure compliance with ONGC’s

corporate HSE Policy. The plan also outlines roles and responsibilities of both ONGC and the

contractors involved in the implementation of the plan.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures need to be adopted and implemented by ONGC and its

contractors for the major waste streams identified in the plan.

Waste Quantity Mitigation Measure

7 “Guidelines for Disposal of Waste – CPCB ONGC & Gas Extraction Industry Standard” – EPA Notification

[GSR 176(E), April 1996]

“Guidelines for disposal of Solid Waste, Drill Cuttings and Drilling Fluids for Offshore & Onshore Drilling

Operation” –MoEF Notification, 30th August 2005


SENES 185 ONGC


Drill Cuttings Approximately

300 m3/well Drill cuttings separated from drilling fluid will be

adequately washed and temporarily stored and disposed

in an impervious pit lined by HDPE.

Design aspects of the impervious waste disposal pit will

be communicated/shared by ONGC with Madhya

Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (MPCB).

The drilling cuttings pit will be bunded and kept

covered using tarpaulin sheets during monsoon.

Periodic monitoring and analysis of drill cuttings will be

undertaken to establish its nature and characteristics.

The waste pit after it is filled up will be covered with

impervious liner over which a thick layer of native top

Soil with proper top slope will be provided.

Feasibility study for use of drill cuttings for lining or

capping of landfill sites, or as a road construction

material in consultation with nodal authorities

Drilling waste mud

and wash water

Waste mud 5

m3/day

Wash water 8

m3/day

Use of water based mud as the drilling fluid.

Use of low toxicity chemicals for the preparation of

drilling fluid.

Barite used in the preparation of drilling fluid shall not

contain Hg>1mg/kg and Cd>3mg/kg

Recycling of drilling mud will be ensured to the

maximum extent possible.

Temporary storage of drilling fluid and wash waste

water will be done in an impervious pit lined with

HDPE.

The drilling fluid pit will be bunded to prevent water

overflow during heavy monsoon.

Disposal of drilling wash water will be achieved

through necessary treatment through onsite Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP) to comply with the CPCB

onshore effluent discharge standard for oil and gas

industry.

Kitchen Waste 10-20 kg/day The waste will be segregated and stored in designated

waste bins.

All such waste bins will be properly labeled and

covered.

The kitchen waste will be disposed in nearest dumping

site available; on a daily basis. Discussion with the VN-

ONN-2009/3 and Hatta town authorities in this aspect

would be conducted.

Waste oil/ Used oil As generated The hazardous waste (waste and used oil) will be

managed in accordance with Hazardous Waste


SENES 186 ONGC


(Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2008.

The hazardous waste will be stored in properly labeled

and covered bins located in paved and bunded area.

Necessary spill prevention measures viz. spill kit will be

made available at the hazardous material storage area

Storage details of onsite hazardous waste generated will

be maintained and periodically updated.

Adequate care will be taken during storage and handling

of such waste viz. use of proper PPEs by personnel

The hazardous waste so stored to be periodically sent to

Madhya Pradesh PCB registered used and/or waste oil

recyclers/ facilities.

Proper manifest as per HWMH rules to be maintained

during storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous

waste.

Sewage 12 m3/day per

well The sewage generated will be treated in a combination

of septic tank and soak pit.

Regular supervision will be undertaken for the domestic

waste treatment system to report any overflows,

leakage, foul odour etc.

Lead Acid Batteries 2-3 batteries

per well Will be recycled through the vendors supplying lead

acid batteries as required under the Batteries

(Management & Handling) Rules, 2001.

Proper manifest will be maintained as per Batteries

(Management & Handling) Rules, 2001.

Recyclables viz.

paper, plastic,

packaging waste etc.

Depending on

usage Proper segregation and storage of recyclable waste in

designated bins onsite.

Recyclables will be periodically sold to local waste

recyclers.

In addition to the management measures specified for the major waste stream, ONGC will

prepare and update periodically a waste management inventory of all waste streams identified

for the proposed project. Necessary measure will also be taken by ONGC to incorporate

appropriate waste management and handling procedures in the contractor work document and

conduct periodic training of personnel involved in waste handling onsite to ensure proper

implementation of the WMP. In this regard, necessary inspection, record keeping, training

program and monitoring procedures will be established by ONGC and made operational to

achieve proper management of all wastes generated on site.

A typical layout of the environment management plans in a well site is given in Figure 6-1.

The salient features of measures taken to safeguard the environment are given below:


SENES 187 ONGC

The drill pad will be concretized

The top Soils will be heaped and bounded by a retaining wall

The Waste pits (refer Sec 2.7.3) will be bunded to prevent the overflow of wastewater

ETP will be installed

Oil spill kits will be available near drill pad and oil storage area

Fluid and chemicals will be stored in enclosed houses with restricted access

The Hazardous waste will be separated from Non-hazardous waste and stored

separately in enclosed area

Recyclable and non-recyclable waste will be collected and stored separately

Sufficient lighting will be provided

A garland drain will be constructed within the external boundary of the site connected

to sedimentation tank with oil and water separator


SENES 188 ONGC

FIGURE 6-1: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES AT DRILL SITE


SENES 189 ONGC

6.1.3 Flare & Illumination Management Plan

The glare from the flare and illumination not only cause visual impacts but also causes

ecological impacts. These best practices can be adopted for reducing ecological impacts to

animals especially when operating in the migratory birds habitat.

Enclosed Ground Flaring

The elevated flare can be replaced by an enclosed ground flare, such as the enclosed ground

flare. This type of flare eliminates much of the visual impacts of burning produced gas in a

processing facility. Also, the enclosed ground flare will decrease the amount of smoke and

noise compared to the elevated flare

Work Zone Illumination

An oil exploration facility in Maryland has adopted low height (less than 8 m), low-pressure

sodium lamp that are most energy efficient to reduce the ecological impacts (Fure, 2006).

Further, illumination has been provided only in required locations and has placed UV filters

on lamps. Such UV filtered lights have been found to less distractive to migrating birds

(Wiltschko et al. 19938, Poot et al. 20089).

6.1.4 Storm Water Management Plan

Scope

The Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) refers to the proper management of surface

run-off generated during monsoons for various phases of activities involved in the project.

Purpose

The purpose of Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) is to ensure prevent and control any

adverse impact of discharge of storm water from the well site and road

widening/strengthening areas to nearby natural drainage channels and community water

bodies. Proper management of storm water runoff will minimize damage to public and

private property, reduce effects of development on land, control stream channel erosion,

pollution and sediment deposition and also reduce local flooding.

Mitigation Measures

Pipe drainages will be provided for diversion roads constructed for the construction of

new bridges and culverts.

Storm water from all longitudinal and cross drainage works will be connected to the

natural drainage courses.

8Wiltschko, W., U. Munro, H. Ford, and R. Wiltschko. 1993. Red light disrupts magnetic orientation of

migratory birds. Nature.364:525– 527.

9 Poot, H., B. J. Ens, H. de Vries, M. A. H. Donners, M. R. Wernand, and J. M. Marquenie. 2008. Green light

for nocturnally migrating birds. Ecology and Society 13(2): 47.


SENES 190 ONGC

Necessary measures will be undertaken during construction phase to prevent earth and

stone material from blocking cross drainage structures.

Periodic cleaning will be undertaken to cross drainage structures and road drainage

system to maintain uninterrupted storm water flow.

Obstructions that may cause temporary flooding of local drainage channels, during

construction phase will be removed.

Oil traps and oil water separator will be used to separate oil from runoff water

Sediment control measures in the form of silt traps and sedimentation tank will be

provided to treat surface run-off before disposal

6.1.5 Spill Management

A number of chemicals and oil (high speed diesel) will be stored on site, improper handling

or accidents are likely to result in spills which have a potential for contaminating the

environment. Oil would develop and educate the Contractors/personnel working to prevent

such spills and also develop a proper spill response and management plan.

As best practices to avoid/contain any spill oil would ensure:

All chemicals are stored within the designated area. To an extent possible all such

areas would away from drainage channels

The flooring of the area should be impervious (paved or HDPE lining) and bunding to

be provide on all sides of the chemical storage areas

The chemical storage area to be covered to ensure it has the minimum runoff.

All transfers of chemicals to be done with proper care and under the supervision of

the Store supervisor

No oil transfers will occur, unless adequate protection is in place

ONGC’s spill management plan would aim to control the spill to a limited area and take

necessary mitigative actions. The following additional measures will be implemented for spill

management:

Once a spill incident has occurred, identify the chemical involved and check

hazardous property of the chemical from the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS);

Person wearing required PPE will apply necessary absorbent like saw dust for a liquid

spill to ensure that the spill does not spread over a wide area or reach any surface

water body or drainage channels;

Thereafter, the substance will be properly collected and stored in a separate labeled

container marked “hazardous waste – do not burn”; and dispose in accordance with

Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008.


SENES 191 ONGC

6.1.6 Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan

Scope

The Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan is applicable to all operation pertaining to

ONGC and contractor vehicular movement viz. vehicle involved in the transportation of raw

materials, project and contractor personnel, drilling rig and heavy equipment transportation to

well site and decommissioning.

Purpose

The Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan outlines specific measures to be adopted and

implemented by ONGC to mitigate any potential impact on community health and safety that

may arise out of movement of vehicles and transportation of drilling rig and heavy

equipments during site preparation, drilling and decommissioning activities.

Mitigation Measures

Proper signage will be displayed at important traffic junctions such as in Hatta Town

along the predefined access routes to be used by construction and operational phase

traffic. The signage will serve to prevent any diversion from designated routes and

ensure proper speed limits are maintained near village residential areas.

The condition of roads and bridges identified for movement of vehicles and drilling

rig will be assessed by ONGC to ensure their safe movement.

Precautions will be taken to avoid damage to the public access routes including

highways during vehicular movement.

Safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side

roads and property accesses connecting the project road will be provided. Work that

affects the use of side roads and existing accesses will not be undertaken without

providing adequate provisions.

Parking of project vehicles along village access roads prohibited. Signposted parking

facilities will be utilized for such purpose.

Any road diversions and closure will be informed in advance to the villagers who are

accessing the defined routes

Traffic flows will be scheduled wherever practicable during period of increased

commuter movement.

Clear signs, flagmen & signal will be set up at major traffic junctions and near

sensitive receptors viz. primary schools in consultation with Gram Panchayat and

local villagers.

Movement of vehicles during night time will be restricted. Speed limits will be

maintained by vehicles involved in transportation of raw material and drilling rig.

Regular supervision will be done by contractor to control vehicular traffic movement

along defined traffic routes particularly near identified sensitive receptors

A Journey Management Plan will be formulated and implemented by the contractor

to control construction and operational phase traffic.


SENES 192 ONGC

Routine maintenance of project vehicles will be ensured to prevent any abnormal

emissions and high noise generation.

Adequate training on traffic and road safety operations will be imparted to the drivers

of project vehicles. Road safety awareness programs will be organized in coordination

with concerned authorities to sensitize target groups viz. school children, commuters

on traffic safety rules and signage.

In addition, ONGC will ensure that all vehicles transporting hazardous substances (fuel oil,

chemicals, etc.) will be properly labeled in accordance with the specifications of the Motor

Vehicles Rules. The implementation of the Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan will be

monitored which will include keeping track of vehicular densities on the SH 49; connecting

Hatta Town to Damoh and Panna and other access and approach roads to the well sites.

6.1.7 Occupational Health & Safety Management Plan

Scope

The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) is applicable for all project

operations which have the potential to adversely affect the health and safety of contractors’

workers and onsite ONGC personnel.

Purpose

The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) has been formulated to

address the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed

project activities viz. drilling and testing operation of construction machinery/equipments,

storage and handling of fuel and chemicals, operation of drilling rig and associated

equipment, during drilling and decommissioning/site closure.

Mitigation Measures

All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian

Standards (IS) codes, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected

and properly maintained as per IS provisions and to the satisfaction of the site

Engineer.

Contractor workers involved in the handling of construction materials viz. borrow

material, cement etc. will be provided with proper PPEs viz. safety boots, nose masks

etc.

No employee will be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of

more than 8 hours per day. Provision of ear plugs, ear muffs etc. and rotation of

workers operating near high noise generating areas.

Hazardous and risky areas, installations, materials, safety measures, emergency exits,

etc. shall be appropriately marked.

All chemicals and hazardous materials storage container will be properly labeled and

marked according to national and internationally recognized requirements and

standards. Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or equivalent data/information in an


SENES 193 ONGC

easily understood language must be readily available to exposed workers and first-aid

personnel.

The workplace must be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting

equipments. Equipments shall be periodically inspected and maintained to keep good

working condition.

Health problems of the workers will be taken care of by providing basic health care

facilities through health centres temporarily set up for drilling base camp.

The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and operated so that

no health hazard occurs.

Adequate sanitation facilities will be provided onsite for the operational workforce

both during construction and operational phase of the project.

Garbage bins will be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage

disposed off in a hygienic manner.

Training programs will be organized for the operational workforce regarding proper

usage of PPEs, handling and storage of fuels and chemicals etc.

6.1.8 Management of Social Issues and Concerns

Mitigation measure have been outlined to address project related social issues and concerns

in order for ONGC to take proactive steps and adopt best practices, which are sensitive to the

socio-cultural setting of the region. The plans will include people residing in proximity to the

proposed well sites and access routes.

Providing Job Opportunities

During site construction non technical jobs will be generated. Most of the people employed

during this stage would be semi-skilled or unskilled. People from adjoining areas especially

given preference through local contractors according to the skill sets possessed.

Ensuring Public Safety

Since the project involves the movement of heavy vehicles and machinery in the area, the

issue of public safety of the villagers, especially children, tea garden workers is an important

concern. During the drilling phase and for the rest of the project activities proper safety

measures will be undertaken both for transportation as well as the other operations. The drill

site would be fenced and gates would be constructed so that the local people are refrained

from straying into the site.

The movement of traffic is also likely to disrupt access conditions of the inhabitants residing

close to the access road. The increase in traffic will have implications on their safety too, as

well as create congestion, potential delays and inconvenience for pedestrians. The mitigative

measures in this regard have been discussed in detail under the Road Safety & Traffic

Management Plan (Section 6.1.5).

Common Property Resources


SENES 194 ONGC

During the project tenure there might be some sharing of resources viz. land, water, access

routes etc. by the villagers and the contractor workforce. Prior to the commencement of the

proposed activity, a consultation program will be conducted by ONGC with the target groups

and local authorities. The primary objective of such consultation will be to share with the

concerned villagers/stakeholders the objective of the proposed project associated impacts and

their mitigation. The movement of heavy vehicles and machinery might lead to conditions

like disruption of electric wires and telephone wires in the site area and along transportation

routes. These public utilities will be restored back to normal conditions, at the earliest.

Fencing of the site will lead to in some cases the temporary loss of shortest foot track routes

for the villagers to their agricultural fields. Consultation with villagers will be carried out in

such cases to assist them in finding alternative foot track routes.

Corporate Social Responsibility

From inception of its activities ONGC has taken up various CSR initiatives in and around

ONGC's operational areas for the benefit of the residents as per the CSR Act and Rules,

Govt. of India. ONGC's CSR Vision Statement envisages 2% allocation of its net profit

towards CSR. ONGC also has a CSR Policy. Based on the local area of project, CSR

interventions will be finalized by ONGC. During consultation three key areas for CSR

interventions identified were drinking water, Health and educational services beyond primary

school in some of the villages. ONGC project falls under following villages –Mankora,

Majhguwan Patol, Luhari and Dhauliya kheda nearby Hatta town. During consultation

following needs observed in these villages as given in below

There was lack of health services

Education facility was not adequate like sitting arrangement, electricity, drinking

water, lack of teachers at Mankora Village

Drinking water facilities and irrigation was the main problem in the village, there

were limited

Village approach and entire access road was very poor of Mankora village

Based on the site specific assessments the following activities have been planned under

Enterprise Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Responsibility Programs:

Construction of 2.2 Km pucca road from Damoh-Panna Highway to village

Khajuria via village Luhari. There are four bridges and one culvert which will be

constructed at an approximate cost of Rs.60lakhs. The road will be used by the

villagers also and benefit them in future as well.

Two no of Hand pumps are to be provided in the village Luhari at an approximate

cost of Rs.1.2lakhs, as requested by Gram Sarpanch .

Two nos. of Community Halls (30’x15’) are proposed to be constructed in the

village Luhari at an approximate cost of Rs.8.3lakhs, as requested by Gram Sarpanch

A First Aid Medical kit is proposed to be provided to the in the village Luhari at an

approximate cost of Rs.5000.00, as requested by Gram Sarpanch .


SENES 195 ONGC

6.1.9 Site Closure Plan

The site closure plan will identify all the activities which would be performed during the

restoration of a well site in case the well is not economically viable and no further use of that

particular well bore is envisaged. Along with the well site the approach road connecting the

well will be restored accordingly. As ONGC would obtain several permission such as tree

cutting (if required), permission from Pollution Control Board and ground water extraction,

the conditions and recommendations mentioned in permission letter would be complied and

consultations with the concerned Govt. Department officials to be made at the time of site

closure and reinstatement.

Chronological inventory of activities which would be performed during the closure of the site

are detailed in this section

The following activities have been considered in the closure plan:

Plugging & Abandonment of well: Close the well head properly to prevent any further

leakage

Decommissioning Phase : Removal of the materials form the site

Waste/mud pit closure and reclamation

Reinstatement Phase: regeneration of the land

Handover Phase : Returning the land to the original owner

Plugging & Abandonment of well

As and when the well will be declared as non productive, plugging of the well will be

performed to close and abandon the well to prevent any leakage of oil or gas.

Decommissioning

The decommissioning phase includes activities dismantling and removal of surface facilities

from the well site and storage in the Material Dumping Area. The activities which are

envisaged during this phase are:

Waste Management: clean up the site and remove all waste materials e.g. HDPE

liners, any waste material etc. The waste will be dumped in the designated area as per

the guidelines of local pollution control board.

Road Restoration: The fill materials should be removed and the site would be

restored.

Waste and mud pit closure and reclamation

Following decommissioning and abandonment of the well site the waste and mud pits will be

subject to closure through onsite burial of solids in accordance with lease and obligations and

with local, state and national regulations. Reclamation of closed pits or any other temporary


SENES 196 ONGC

retaining pits, including reserve pits, will be carried out within a period of one year from well

closure/abandonment. All such reclamation activities will be carried out based on the climatic

conditions and will be in accordance with Forest Clearance guidelines.

Reinstatement

The reinstatement phase includes all activities for preparation of the Soil for plantation of

trees and agricultural practices at the concerned site.

6.1.10 Training of ONGC Professional

The ONGC professionals would also play an important role in the execution of the work.

They should also be aware of the environmental issues and actions which need to be avoided

to prevent any environmental damage. Pre-drilling environmental awareness and training

sessions would be conducted for the staff to be deployed for the drilling assignment. The

following training sessions could be considered;

Training on Environmental Regulations;

Training on Environmental Monitoring and Quality Checking;

Training on occupational safety management

Training on Industry Best Practices for Environment and Safety

The activities undertaken by these employees would also be constantly reviewed by the

Drilling Manager and Site/Shift Supervisor. Any lapses in adhering to the environment

parameters would be immediately brought to the notice of the ONGC Management and steps

taken to ensure proper training.

The Environmental Management Plan Matrix for the proposed project has been presented in

the Table 6.2.

6.2 ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION FOR THE PROJECT

The project is governed by the Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board rules and

regulations which involve getting Consent to Establishment and Consent to Operate. The

estimated expenditure to be incurred under different heads is given below:

TABLE 6-1: TENTATIVE BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

Sl.

No.

Project Head Name of the Work Estimated

expenditure/Budget

1 Environment Protection Waste Pit preparation and HDPE

lining

INR 20 Lakh

2 Environment Protection Site Restoration INR 56.95 Lakh

3 Environment Protection Acoustic enclosure ( Noise control INR 1.5 Lakh


SENES 197 ONGC

Gen Set)

4 Environment Protection Garland drainage for drill site INR 7 Lakh

5 Environment

Monitoring as per EC

and CTE conditions

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Surface Water Monitoring

Noise Monitoring

INR 8 Lakh per year

6 Environment Protection Installation of ETP 10 Lakh

Total 103.45Lakh


SENES 198 ONGC

TABLE 6-2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MATRIX

Sl.

No

Activity Potential Impact Mitigation

A. Pre-drilling Activities A1 Siting of well site facility Potential adverse impact on environment in the

vicinity of the drill site

Potential safety issues to local people related to

drill site preparation and drilling operation

Selection of drill site taken into account of local environmental vulnerability

Sufficient distance maintained in between site and nearest habitation

A2 Procurement of land for well sites and

related facilities Loss of crop Providing crop compensation to the land owners

A3 Site preparation and road

strengthening/widening Loss of top Soil and increase in Soil erosion

potential

Alternation in onsite drainage pattern

Minimal felling of trees and removal of vegetation

Site preparation and road strengthening/widening activities to be restricted

within defined boundaries.

Top Soil stockpiles to be stabilized and stored in designated areas

Provision of onsite drainage onsite.

A4 Sourcing and transportation of raw

materials Generation of fugitive emission

Community health and safety concerns

Contractor to source raw materials from approved/licensed quarries.

Proper covering of raw material during transportation to be ensured

Periodic water sprinkling along haulage routes near sensitive receptors

Project vehicular movement to be restricted to defined access routes to be

identified in consultation with locals and concerned authorities.

Proper signage to be displayed at important traffic junctions along access

routes.

Night time movement of vehicles to be restricted

A5 Operation of construction

machinery/equipments Fugitive emissions and high noise generation

Occupational health and safety concerns

Selection of low noise generating equipment

Installation of engineering controls viz. silencers, mufflers

Rotation of workers operating in high noise generating areas

Use of proper PPEs viz. ear plugs, ear muffs.

Periodic preventive maintenance of machinery/equipments

A6 Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries Disruption of public utilities


The public utilities viz. telephone and electrical wire to be restored to its

original condition at the earliest.

Movement of rig and heavy equipments to be carried out in accordance with the

Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan formulated.

A7 Discharge of surface run-off Increase in sediment load contributing to turbidity

of receiving water bodies Provision of onsite sediment control measures viz. silt traps, sedimentation tank

Run-off discharges to natural drainage channels/water bodies made to conform

to CPCB Inland Water Discharge Standards.

B. Drilling and Testing B1 Physical presence of drilling rig and Temporary change in visual characteristics of the Restoration of site to its original condition following decommissioning/site


SENES 199 ONGC

Sl.

No

Activity Potential Impact Mitigation

ancillaries area closure

B2 Operation of DG sets and machinery and

drilling Air emissions and high noise generation

Occupational health and safety concerns

Community discomfort

Siting of drilling rig and facilities away from sensitive receptors

DG sets with acoustic enclosures and mufflers would be used

Setting up effective noise barrier at the fence-line of the site;

Exhausts of engines on the drilling rig diesel generators be positioned as per

CPCB norms

Preventive maintenance of DG sets to be undertaken as per manufacturer’s

schedule.

B3 Casing & cementing of well Damage to subsurface aquifer

Use of low toxicity chemicals

Periodic monitoring of potable water quality located outside the project

boundary to assess the level of potable water contamination, if any

B4 Storage and disposal of drill cuttings, mud

and process wastewater

Soil and potable /surface water contamination

Use of water based mud as the drilling fluid.

Use of low toxicity chemicals for the preparation of drilling fluid.

Recycling of drilling mud to be ensured to the maximum extent possible.

Use of HDPE lined pit for disposal of drill cuttings, process wastewater

Disposal of drill cuttings in accordance with CPCB and MoEF guidelines on

management of drilling wastes

B5 Discharge of surface run-off Soil and surface water contamination Run-off from vehicular wash and chemical storage areas to be channeled

through closed drainage system provided with an oil-water separator.

Drip trays to be used during preventive maintenance of vehicles and machinery.

Hazardous chemicals and fuel drum be stored in bunded and lined area

equipped with proper spill control equipment.

Drill cuttings and mud pit to be bunded and kept covered during monsoon.

B6 Sewage treatment Occupational health problems of operational

workforce Sewage to be treated using a combination of septic and soak pits

The sewage treatment system (septic tank & soak pit) to be regularly monitored

for any possible overflows, leakages etc.

B7 Flaring during production testing and

process upset

Air emission leading to discomfort to nearby

communities Elevated flaring to be undertaken as per guidelines issued by CPCB for Oil &

Gas Extraction Industry.

Duration of flaring to be minimized by careful planning;

C. Decommissioning/Site Closure C1 Dismantling of rig and associated facilities High noise and fugitive emissions causing

discomfort to workers Use of proper PPEs viz. ear plugs, ear muffs.

C2 Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries Disruption of public utilities


The public utilities viz. telephone and electrical wire to be restored to its

original condition at the earliest.

Movement of rig and heavy equipments to be carried out in accordance with the

Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan formulated.


SENES/K-20237/July, 2014 200 ONGC

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Monitoring is one of the most important components of a management system. Continuous

monitoring needs to be carried out for regulatory requirements, to monitor the environmental

quality and to determine performance of proposed mitigation measures. Monitoring

indicators have been developed for each of the activity considering the mitigation measures

proposed. Indicators have been developed for ascertaining the environmental quality and

performance of the EMP implementation through Environmental Quality Indicators (EQI’s)

and Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI’s) respectively which focus not only on

quantifying or indexing activity-environment interactions that may potentially impact the

environment but at the same time also help in comparing different components of

environmental quality against previously established baseline values. Monitoring results will

be documented, analyzed and reported internally to Head–HSE of ONGC. Monitoring

requirements have been described in the following Table 6.3. Frequency of monitoring and

responsibility of carrying out the monitoring have also been presented in the table below.


SENES 201 ONGC

TABLE 6-3: PROPOSED MONITORING REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROJECT

Environmental Performance Monitoring

EPI

No.

Environmental Performance

Indicator (EPI) Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility

A. Design & Planning

A.1 Proximity of sensitive

environmental habitat

Distance between the drill site and sensitive

environmental habitat

Site and access

road

Once in project lifecycle Civil supervisor

A.2 Proximity of nearest habitation Distance between the drill site and nearest

habitation

Site and access

road


A.3 Flood History HFL at site

Return period of major floods

Site and access

road


A.4 Location and Size of Land Leased Total area leased for drill site (Ha) Site Once in project lifecycle Civil Supervisor

A.5

Approval / Authorization of

quarries

Validity of the Approval / Authorization Quarry Once in project lifecycle Civil Supervisor

A.6 Undisrupted flow of water in

drainage channels

Number of cross drainage structures planned to

number of actual stream crossings

Site and access

road

Once in project lifecycle Civil Supervisor

B Approach Road & Site

Development

B.1 TopSoil Area occupied for topSoil storage/ Area planned

for topSoil storage

Site Once during each site

preparation

HSE Supervisor

B.2 Local drainage pattern Number of Cross Drainage structures constructed

to actual number of cross drainage structures

designed

Site & road Once in project lifecycle Civil Supervisor

B.3 Fugitive emission of dust during

site preparation

Visual observation of dust in air by haziness Site & approach

roads

Daily during site

preparation

HSE Supervisor with Vehicular / Civil

Contractors

B.4 Air emissions from vehicles and

machinery

PM2..5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, HC, VOC based on

emission factors

Visual observation of emissions (black signifying

more pollution)

% of vehicles possessing valid PUC Certificates

Exhausts Once in project lifecycle

Daily

Once in project life cycle

HSE Supervisor with Civil Supervisor,

Drilling/Civil Supervisor through HSE

Supervisor

Drilling/Civil Supervisor through


SENES 202 ONGC

EPI

No.



Drilling/Civil Supervisor through HSE

Supervisor, Contractors operating vehicles

B.5 Noise emissions from vehicles and

machinery

Noise pressure level in dB(A) near noise sources

(5m)

Site & approach

road

Daily during site

preparation

HSE Supervisor

B.6 Supervision of material transport

Number of vehicles reported with overloaded

material / uncovered material

Site & approach

road

Daily during site

preparation

HSE Supervisor with Vehicular / Civil

Contractors

B.7 Accident reporting

Number of casualties / Number of fatalities

Site & approach

road

During life cycle of

project

HSE Supervisor

B.8 Fugitive emission of dust during

material handling and storage

Visual observation of dust in air by haziness Near stockpiles

and storages

Daily during the entire

project life-cycle

HSE Supervisor

C Drilling & Testing

C.1 Gaseous pollutant emissions from

DG Set

Pollutant concentrations in gaseous emissions and

maintenance parameters (air, fuel filters & air-

fuel ratio) of DG sets influencing air emissions

Visual observation of exhaust smoke

characteristics

DG Stack Twice during drilling

Daily during drilling

HSE Supervisor through Drilling

contractor

C.2 Noise emission from DG Sets Noise pressure level in dB(A) Near noise

sources (1m)

Monthly during the

operation


contractor

C.3 Noise emission from derrick floor

Noise pressure level in dB(A)

Number of cases of workers not using PPE

On the rig floor

Near noise

sources (1m)

Site

Monthly during drilling

Monthly during drilling


contractor

C.4 Accident reporting

Number of casualties / Number of fatalities

Site

As and when accident

occurs


contractor

C.5 Spilled Chemicals/Oil Area of Spill / Quantity Spilled / Severity of Spill

/ Characterization of Spilled Substances for

Contaminants (Heavy Metals, Toxics, etc.)

Site As and when spills occur HSE Supervisor through Drilling

contractor

C.6 Fugitive emission of cement dust Visual observation of cement dust in air by Near stockpiles Daily during the entire HSE Supervisor


SENES 203 ONGC

EPI

No.



during handling and storage haziness and storages project life-cycle

C.7 Runoff from temporary storage

areas

Supervision of functioning of conduits / drains,

channels

Site Daily during drilling phase HSE Supervisor

C.8 Emissions from Flaring Total CO, total hydrocarbon, Non-Methane

Hydrocarbons, NOx emission estimates based on

emission factors

Flare Stack As and when flaring

occurs


contractor

C.9 Waste water quantity & quality

(Process water viz. rig wash,

formation water etc)

Volume estimate

CPCB General discharge parameters and Oil &

Gas Extraction Industry Standards

At discharge

point

Weekly during drilling

Once during drilling


contractor

C.10 Storm water/wash down water

discharge

CPCB General discharge parameters and Oil &

Gas Extraction Industry Standards

At discharge

point

Depending on generation

particularly during

monsoon


contractor

C.11 Drill cutting storage and disposal Total volume generated

Concentration of hazardous constituents as per

Hazardous Waste Rules

CPCB Onshore discharge standards for Oil & Gas

Extraction Industry

At storage

location

Once during drilling

period


contractor

D Decommissioning/ Site Closure

D.1 Noise pressure level in dB(A) Near noise sources (1m) Site & Approach

road

Once per site HSE Supervisor through Drilling & Civil

contractor

D.2 Air emissions from vehicles PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, CO, HC based on

emission factors

Visual observation of emissions (black signifying

more pollution)

Exhausts Once in project lifecycle

Daily

HSE Supervisor through Vehicle/Civil

contractor

D.3 Fugitive emission of dust during

transport of drilling facilities

Visual observation of dust in air by haziness Near stockpiles

and storages

Daily during the entire

activity

HSE Supervisor

D.4 Site restoration Visual observation of :

Clearing of decommissioning waste

Leveling of site; Relaying of top Soil

Regeneration of top Soil

Site Daily during

decommissioning

Civil Supervisor with HSE Supervisor


SENES 204 ONGC

B) Environmental Quality Monitoring

EQI

No

Environmental Quality Indicator

(EQI) Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility

A Approach Road & Site Development

A1 SOIL Fertility Fertility parameters like pH, NPK ratio, Total

Carbon, etc.

Site & adjacent areas Once before site preparation HSE Supervisor

A2 Quality of water Analysis of Parameters as per CPCB Use-class Natural drainage channel

receiving run-off discharges

Monthly during site and

road works

HSE Supervisor

A4 Ambient Air Quality Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2,

HCusing ambient air sampler

At Surrounding receptor

points

Monthly during site and

road works

HSE Supervisor

A5 Ambient noise quality Hearing / perception

Measurement of Noise Pressure Level in dB(A)

At surrounding receptor

points

Daily site and road works

Monthly site and road

works

HSE Supervisor

A6 SOIL Contamination Analysis for suite of contaminants (heavy

metals, TPH, organics, pesticides).

Site, adjacent areas and

Waste disposal site

In event of spills over an

area of 10 sq.m

HSE Supervisor

B Drilling & Testing

B1 Ambient Air Quality Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, HC,

using ambient air sampler


points

Monthly during drilling and

testing

HSE Supervisor

B2 Ambient noise quality Hearing / perception



points

Daily during drilling and

testing

Monthly during drilling and

testing

HSE Supervisor

B3 Potable water Quality

Analysis of Parameters as per IS:10500 Nearby source of potable

water

Once during drilling HSE Supervisor

B4 SOIL Contamination Analysis for suite of contaminants (heavy

metals, TPH, organics, pesticides).

Site, adjacent areas and

Waste disposal site

In event of spills over an

area of 10 sq.m

HSE Supervisor


SENES 205 ONGC

EQI

No

Environmental Quality Indicator

(EQI) Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility

B5

Quality of water Analysis of Parameters as per CPCB Use-class Natural drainage channel


Twice during drilling &

testing

HSE Supervisor

C Decommissioning / Closure

C1 Ambient noise quality Hearing / perception



points

Daily during

decommissioning

Once during

decommissioning

HSE Supervisor

C2 Quality of water Analysis of Parameters as per CPCB Use-class Natural drainage channel


Once after

decommissioning

HSE Supervisor

C3 Ambient Air Quality Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, HC,

using ambient air sampler


points

Monthly during

decommissioning

HSE Supervisor

C4 SOIL Fertility Fertility parameters like pH, NPK ratio, Total

Carbon, etc.

Site & adjacent areas Once after site restoration HSE Supervisor

SENES 206 ONGC

7 Public Consultation

As per the EIA Notification 2006, proposed exploratory drilling operation of oil and gas

project comes under Schedule 1(b) of Category ‘A’ projects and requires environmental

clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). In this regard MoEF has issued

Terms of Reference (ToR) vide F.No. J-11011/100/2014-IA II (I) dated 18th July, 2014 for

conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study for the proposed project.

According to above mentioned ToR and EIA notification, public hearing needs to be carried

out in the project area. As per the EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006, the draft EIA

report, along with executive summaries in English and Hindi are submitted to Madhya

Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPCB) for the public review and comments.

Public Hearings for the proposed project was conducted on 30th May’15 near the project site

in Government Primary School at Luhari village, Patera (Taluka), Damoh District.

Advertisements to communicate public hearing details were published in Navduniya (Hindi

Newspaper) and Hindustan Times (English Newspaper) on 28th April’15 and 29th April’15.

Advertisement copy of public hearing notice is attached as Annexure -12.

Additional District Magistrate (A.D.M) of Damoh District has authorized the Upper Collector

of Damoh District to preside this public hearing. During the public hearing, Regional Officer

of MPCB had briefed the objective of public hearing and the project information along with

EIA findings was presented by project proponent and environment consultant. Subsequent to

this, locals were invited to express their views/concerns verbally and in written form. Total 4

verbal comments and 8 written comments had been received during public hearing and the

same is attached as Annexure. Most of the concerns raised by locals were related to local

employment, benefits from project and land restoration.

Public hearing concerns are assessed and addressed in relevant sections of the Final EIA

report and details of issues and discussion held during both the public hearings are provided

in Annexure (separately uploaded on MoEF website). However, commitments made

against key concerns raised during both the public consultation process are summarized in

Table 7.1 below. Minutes of meeting and attendance sheet of participants have been detailed

in Annex 13 respectively.


SENES 207 ONGC

Photo 7.1: Public Hearing Photograph


SENES 208 ONGC

TABLE 7-1 KEY COMMITMENTS MADE DURING PUBLIC HEARING

S.No. Key Concerns Raised by local

people

Commitments By ONGC

1 Concern on employment and benefits

for the local people from proposed

project

The present project is for drilling of

one well. During this period of

project, there may be possibilities of

engagement of local skilled or

unskilled persons for limited period

which will provide an opportunity for

earning as well as enhance their skill.

However, in case of hydrocarbon

strike commercially through the

present well, the enhanced and better

engagement of local people on

contractual basis may arise. Besides

some development in infrastructure

such as road, toilets etc. for public

utilities may also be made.

2 Concern on restoration of land in

original form after completion of work

ONGC committed to restore the land

in previous condition after completion

of work.

3 Concern on water availability due to

inadequate number of hand pumps in

the village

ONGC committed to take suitable

action if proposal from Gram

Panchayat/Civil Authorities will be

received in this regard

4 Concern on environmental pollution

due to drilling operation

ONGC committed to execute the

operation under the direction and

monitoring of MoEF and Madhya

Pradesh Pollution Control Board


SENES 209 ONGC

8 Summary & Conclusion

The exploration block VN-ONN-2009/3, which is located in the district of Damoh and

Chhatarpur, is awarded to ONGC through Production Sharing Contract (PSC) for carrying

out onshore exploration in entire block. However, on the basis of seismic survey

interpretation ONGC has identified lead area in Damoh District only. The lead area is devoid

of any forest and ecological sensitive zone. Further, on the basis of seismic survey

interpretation location of exploratory well R-HAT-A has been finalized in Patera Tehsil of

Damoh District. The tentative locations of other 3 exploratory wells are also identified within

lead area. However, these locations would be finalized in later phase of the project after

completion of seismic survey interpretation.

As per provisions of EIA notification 2006, Environmental Clearance is required to obtain

prior to initiate the project. An EIA report is prepared for this exploratory drilling project

based on existing baseline environmental quality data collected for winter season (Jan -Mar)

for the entire block, identification and prediction of significant environmental impacts due to

proposed exploratory drilling process followed by delineation of necessary control measures

are suggested to meet with statutory requirements. The proposed exploratory drilling project

will contribute to economic growth in indirect way and may help in meeting the increasing

demands of oil and gas, if proved economically beneficial for future production.

The proposed project of exploratory drilling intends to make sure whether the allotted oil &

gas license area has the potential for future production of oil and gas in sufficient quantity.

The drilling and associated activities, required to be carried out, will be done in an

environmentally sound manner to the extent possible and will not have any adverse effect on

natural environment of the surrounding area. The analysis indicates all the impacts and risks

predicted from the proposed development to be low to medium magnitude and can be

mitigated with the measures in the formulated management plans.


SENES 210 ONGC

ANNEXURE

Annexure EIA for Exploratory Drilling in VN-ONN-2009/3 Block, Damoh, M.P

211

ANNEXURE 1: APPROVED TOR


212


213


214


215


216

ANNEXURE 2: CHEMICAL USED FOR PREPARATION OF MUD

Chemical and

formulation names

Chemical function

group

Barite Weighting

Chemical

Bentonite Viscosifier

Biocide Mud Bacteria

Control

Calcium Carbonate LCM

Drilling Detergents Emulsifier

Soda Ash Inorganic

Caustic Soda Inorganic

Sodium Bicarbonate Inorganic

PAC regular Filtrate Control

Xanthan Gum Rheology Control

Caustic Soda Inorganic

Defoamer Viscosifier

Glycol (Low Temp) Inorganic

KCl Inorganic

PAC Low vis Filtrate Control

PHPA (100%) Encapsulating

Polymer


217

ANNEXURE 3: PRIMARY METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS

Date Time Temp (°C)

Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

25/01/2015 1.00 AM 13.7 9.0 355 0.0 75

25/01/2015 2.00AM 14.0 8.0 331 0.0 78

25/01/2015 3.00 AM 14.2 8.0 287 0.0 81

25/01/2015 4.00 AM 14.3 7.0 284 0.0 82

25/01/2015 5.00AM 14.5 7.0 319 0.0 83

25/01/2015 6.00 AM 14.7 6.0 351 0.0 85

25/01/2015 7.00 AM 15.0 6.0 349 0.0 86

25/01/2015 8.00 AM 15.5 6.0 341 0.0 84

25/01/2015 9.00 AM 15.7 6.0 344 0.0 77

25/01/2015 10.00 AM 15.9 7.0 345 0.0 68

25/01/2015 11.00 AM 16.0 7.0 342 0.0 60

25/01/2015 12.00 AM 16.3 8.0 339 0.0 54

25/01/2015 1.00 PM 16.7 8.0 331 0.0 49

25/01/2015 2.00 PM 16.9 9.0 281 0.0 45

25/01/2015 3.00 PM 17.0 9.0 286 0.0 42

25/01/2015 4.00 PM 17.1 9.0 286 0.0 42

25/01/2015 5.00 PM 16.7 9.0 100 0.0 44

25/01/2015 6.00 PM 16.3 9.0 349 0.0 49

25/01/2015 7.00 PM 16.0 9.0 121 0.0 55

25/01/2015 8.00 PM 15.5 9.0 127 0.0 57

25/01/2015 9.00 PM 15.3 9.0 121 0.0 61

25/01/2015 10.00 PM 14.8 8.0 327 0.0 63

25/01/2015 11.00 PM 14.3 8.0 313 0.0 65

25/01/2015 12.00 AM 14.0 6.0 320 0.0 67

26/01/2015 1.00 AM 13.7 9.0 357 0.0 69

26/01/2015 2.00AM 13.4 8.0 356 0.0 70

26/01/2015 3.00 AM 13.0 8.0 356 0.0 71

26/01/2015 4.00 AM 12.7 7.0 356 0.0 73

26/01/2015 5.00AM 12.0 7.0 356 0.0 75

26/01/2015 6.00 AM 13.1 6.0 356 0.0 76

26/01/2015 7.00 AM 13.8 6.0 356 0.0 77

26/01/2015 8.00 AM 14.3 6.0 138 0.0 69

26/01/2015 9.00 AM 14.7 6.0 315 0.0 62

26/01/2015 10.00 AM 15.3 7.0 309 0.0 55

26/01/2015 11.00 AM 16.2 7.0 270 0.0 49

26/01/2015 12.00 AM 17.7 8.0 136 0.0 44

26/01/2015 1.00 PM 18.9 8.0 136 0.0 42

26/01/2015 2.00 PM 20.7 9.0 270 0.0 39

26/01/2015 3.00 PM 21.9 9.0 307 0.0 39


218


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

26/01/2015 4.00 PM 20.7 9.0 304 0.0 40

26/01/2015 5.00 PM 19.3 9.0 315 0.0 42

26/01/2015 6.00 PM 18.0 9.0 302 0.0 48

26/01/2015 7.00 PM 17.2 9.0 302 0.0 65

26/01/2015 8.00 PM 16.1 9.0 301 0.5 94

26/01/2015 9.00 PM 15.7 9.0 299 0.5 96

26/01/2015 10.00 PM 15.2 8.0 301 0.0 82

26/01/2015 11.00 PM 14.7 8.0 303 0.0 63

26/01/2015 12.00 AM 14.2 6.0 302 0.0 63

27/01/2015 1.00 AM 14.0 9.0 327 0.0 70

27/01/2015 2.00AM 14.0 8.0 270 0.0 72

27/01/2015 3.00 AM 14.3 8.0 354 0.0 73

27/01/2015 4.00 AM 14.5 7.0 292 0.0 74

27/01/2015 5.00AM 14.8 7.0 297 0.0 76

27/01/2015 6.00 AM 15.0 6.0 345 0.0 78

27/01/2015 7.00 AM 15.2 6.0 334 0.0 79

27/01/2015 8.00 AM 15.5 6.0 346 0.0 73

27/01/2015 9.00 AM 15.9 6.0 360 0.0 68

27/01/2015 10.00 AM 16.0 7.0 319 0.0 62

27/01/2015 11.00 AM 16.2 7.0 270 0.0 57

27/01/2015 12.00 AM 16.8 8.0 115 0.0 54

27/01/2015 1.00 PM 17.2 8.0 270 0.0 51

27/01/2015 2.00 PM 18.1 9.0 120 0.0 49

27/01/2015 3.00 PM 18.5 9.0 122 0.0 48

27/01/2015 4.00 PM 18.2 9.0 270 0.0 48

27/01/2015 5.00 PM 17.8 9.0 282 0.0 49

27/01/2015 6.00 PM 17.6 9.0 270 0.0 53

27/01/2015 7.00 PM 17.1 9.0 107 0.0 58

27/01/2015 8.00 PM 16.9 9.0 113 0.0 61

27/01/2015 9.00 PM 16.5 9.0 332 0.0 65

27/01/2015 10.00 PM 16.2 8.0 345 0.0 67

27/01/2015 11.00 PM 16.1 8.0 350 0.0 70

27/01/2015 12.00 AM 15.4 6.0 352 0.0 72

28/01/2015 1.00 AM 15.1 7.0 357 0.0 65

28/01/2015 2.00AM 15.0 7.0 354 0.0 65

28/01/2015 3.00 AM 14.7 7.0 355 0.0 67

28/01/2015 4.00 AM 14.6 6.0 358 0.0 68

28/01/2015 5.00AM 14.2 6.0 358 0.0 71

28/01/2015 6.00 AM 14.0 6.0 355 0.0 72

28/01/2015 7.00 AM 14.7 6.0 126 0.0 74

28/01/2015 8.00 AM 15.1 7.0 111 0.0 72

28/01/2015 9.00 AM 15.7 8.0 113 0.0 66


219


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

28/01/2015 10.00 AM 16.0 9.0 112 0.0 58

28/01/2015 11.00 AM 16.2 10.0 111 0.0 51

28/01/2015 12.00 AM 16.4 10.0 110 0.0 46

28/01/2015 1.00 PM 17.1 9.0 114 0.0 42

28/01/2015 2.00 PM 17.8 8.0 110 0.0 40

28/01/2015 3.00 PM 18.1 10.0 110 0.0 38

28/01/2015 4.00 PM 18.0 10.0 109 0.0 40

28/01/2015 5.00 PM 17.5 11.0 360 0.0 44

28/01/2015 6.00 PM 17.1 11.0 356 0.0 51

28/01/2015 7.00 PM 16.5 11.0 95 0.0 58

28/01/2015 8.00 PM 16.3 10.0 357 0.0 56

28/01/2015 9.00 PM 16.1 10.0 356 0.0 55

28/01/2015 10.00 PM 16.0 9.0 356 0.0 56

28/01/2015 11.00 PM 16.0 9.0 356 0.0 57

28/01/2015 12.00 AM 15.7 9.0 356 0.0 58

29/01/2015 1.00 AM 15.2 9.0 353 0.0 62

29/01/2015 2.00AM 14.9 8.0 354 0.0 58

29/01/2015 3.00 AM 14.5 8.0 355 0.0 55

29/01/2015 4.00 AM 14.2 7.0 333 0.0 56

29/01/2015 5.00AM 13.5 7.0 354 0.0 56

29/01/2015 6.00 AM 13.0 6.0 356 0.0 54

29/01/2015 7.00 AM 13.3 6.0 356 0.0 59

29/01/2015 8.00 AM 13.5 6.0 287 0.0 59

29/01/2015 9.00 AM 14.1 6.0 114 0.0 63

29/01/2015 10.00 AM 14.5 7.0 289 0.0 70

29/01/2015 11.00 AM 14.8 7.0 270 0.0 78

29/01/2015 12.00 AM 15.1 8.0 270 0.0 71

29/01/2015 1.00 PM 16.0 8.0 280 0.0 65

29/01/2015 2.00 PM 17.3 9.0 292 0.0 64

29/01/2015 3.00 PM 18.0 9.0 354 0.0 60

29/01/2015 4.00 PM 19.1 9.0 292 0.0 58

29/01/2015 5.00 PM 18.0 9.0 297 0.0 55

29/01/2015 6.00 PM 17.2 9.0 345 0.0 63

29/01/2015 7.00 PM 16.2 9.0 334 0.0 65

29/01/2015 8.00 PM 15.1 9.0 346 0.0 67

29/01/2015 9.00 PM 13.3 9.0 126 0.0 69

29/01/2015 10.00 PM 12.1 8.0 346 0.0 70

29/01/2015 11.00 PM 10.5 8.0 353 0.0 74

29/01/2015 12.00 AM 10.0 6.0 360 0.0 56

30/01/2015 1.00 AM 9.8 7.0 356 0.0 65

30/01/2015 2.00AM 9.5 8.0 356 0.0 65

30/01/2015 3.00 AM 8.3 9.0 357 0.0 67


220


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

30/01/2015 4.00 AM 8.0 10.0 341 0.0 68

30/01/2015 5.00AM 7.4 10.0 360 0.0 71

30/01/2015 6.00 AM 7.9 9.0 110 0.0 72

30/01/2015 7.00 AM 8.5 8.0 270 0.0 74

30/01/2015 8.00 AM 9.0 10.0 117 0.0 72

30/01/2015 9.00 AM 10.2 10.0 289 0.0 66

30/01/2015 10.00 AM 11.4 11.0 284 0.0 58

30/01/2015 11.00 AM 12.9 11.0 102 0.0 51

30/01/2015 12.00 AM 14.8 11.0 289 0.0 46

30/01/2015 1.00 PM 15.5 10.0 124 0.0 42

30/01/2015 2.00 PM 16.0 10.0 120 0.0 40

30/01/2015 3.00 PM 17.5 9.0 270 0.0 38

30/01/2015 4.00 PM 18.3 9.0 270 0.0 40

30/01/2015 5.00 PM 17.0 9.0 270 0.0 44

30/01/2015 6.00 PM 15.7 9.0 114 0.0 51

30/01/2015 7.00 PM 13.8 8.0 270 0.0 58

30/01/2015 8.00 PM 12.1 8.0 328 0.0 56

30/01/2015 9.00 PM 11.2 8.0 105 0.0 55

30/01/2015 10.00 PM 10.5 8.0 360 0.0 56

30/01/2015 11.00 PM 10.3 8.0 357 0.0 57

30/01/2015 12.00 AM 10.0 8.0 350 0.0 58

31/01/2015 1.00 AM 9.8 8.0 342 0.0 51

31/01/2015 2.00AM 9.0 3.5 345 0.0 82

31/01/2015 3.00 AM 8.4 9.9 345 0.0 82

31/01/2015 4.00 AM 8.1 3.7 353 0.0 85

31/01/2015 5.00AM 7.5 7.7 355 0.0 89

31/01/2015 6.00 AM 7.1 0.1 355 0.0 36

31/01/2015 7.00 AM 8.3 0.2 355 0.0 47

31/01/2015 8.00 AM 9.0 0.5 360 0.0 54

31/01/2015 9.00 AM 9.7 0.9 355 0.0 62

31/01/2015 10.00 AM 10.1 1.6 355 0.0 66

31/01/2015 11.00 AM 11.0 1.8 355 0.0 79

31/01/2015 12.00 AM 12.2 2.6 365 0.0 54

31/01/2015 1.00 PM 13.0 2.9 115 0.0 62

31/01/2015 2.00 PM 15.1 3.6 110 0.0 66

31/01/2015 3.00 PM 16.3 2.5 120 0.0 79

31/01/2015 4.00 PM 18.2 0.6 122 0.0 74

31/01/2015 5.00 PM 20.1 1.2 270 0.0 58

31/01/2015 6.00 PM 18.0 1.9 282 0.0 47

31/01/2015 7.00 PM 17.2 4.5 270 0.0 55

31/01/2015 8.00 PM 15.4 8.9 72 0.0 53

31/01/2015 9.00 PM 13.2 1.0 52 0.0 50


221


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

31/01/2015 10.00 PM 12.8 0.9 315 0.0 50

31/01/2015 11.00 PM 12.2 9.2 278 0.0 50

31/01/2015 12.00 AM 12.0 6.2 280 0.0 48

02-01-2015 1.00 AM 11.0 8.0 356 0.0 96

02-01-2015 2.00AM 10.5 8.0 356 0.0 86

02-01-2015 3.00 AM 10.2 8.0 356 0.0 74

02-01-2015 4.00 AM 9.5 7.0 356 0.0 56

02-01-2015 5.00AM 9.0 8.0 356 0.0 53

02-01-2015 6.00 AM 10.6 8.0 356 0.0 48

02-01-2015 7.00 AM 11.4 9.0 356 0.0 45

02-01-2015 8.00 AM 12.6 10.0 343 0.0 42

02-01-2015 9.00 AM 13.0 12.0 360 0.0 36

02-01-2015 10.00 AM 15.6 13.0 109 0.0 56

02-01-2015 11.00 AM 17.8 12.0 107 0.0 70

02-01-2015 12.00 AM 19.2 10.0 126 0.0 79

02-01-2015 1.00 PM 21.6 8.0 109 0.0 80

02-01-2015 2.00 PM 23.5 8.0 126 0.0 81

02-01-2015 3.00 PM 24.0 8.0 110 0.0 86

02-01-2015 4.00 PM 21.5 8.0 109 0.0 89

02-01-2015 5.00 PM 19.5 8.0 110 0.0 92

02-01-2015 6.00 PM 18.6 8.0 110 0.0 95

02-01-2015 7.00 PM 17.0 8.0 126 0.0 96

02-01-2015 8.00 PM 16.5 8.0 126 0.0 97

02-01-2015 9.00 PM 16.2 9.0 104 0.0 97

02-01-2015 10.00 PM 15.6 8.0 106 0.0 97

02-01-2015 11.00 PM 15.2 7.0 104 0.0 88

02-01-2015 12.00 AM 14.5 6.0 104 0.0 73

02-02-2015 1.00 AM 13.5 9.0 290 0.0 46

02-02-2015 2.00AM 13.6 9.0 276 0.0 46

02-02-2015 3.00 AM 14.0 9.0 357 0.0 37

02-02-2015 4.00 AM 14.0 8.0 356 0.0 29

02-02-2015 5.00AM 15.0 7.0 355 0.0 26

02-02-2015 6.00 AM 15.0 6.0 358 0.0 26

02-02-2015 7.00 AM 16.0 6.0 99 0.0 25

02-02-2015 8.00 AM 16.0 6.0 101 0.0 34

02-02-2015 9.00 AM 17.0 7.0 357 0.0 37

02-02-2015 10.00 AM 19.0 8.0 356 0.0 42

02-02-2015 11.00 AM 20.0 9.0 101 0.0 59

02-02-2015 12.00 AM 20.0 10.0 103 0.0 58

02-02-2015 1.00 PM 22.0 11.0 102 0.0 59

02-02-2015 2.00 PM 25.0 12.0 102 0.0 61

02-02-2015 3.00 PM 25.0 13.0 102 0.0 71


222


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

02-02-2015 4.00 PM 23.0 12.0 101 0.0 73

02-02-2015 5.00 PM 21.0 12.0 99 0.0 73

02-02-2015 6.00 PM 21.0 11.0 360 0.0 75

02-02-2015 7.00 PM 19.0 11.0 360 0.0 80

02-02-2015 8.00 PM 19.0 11.0 94 0.0 79

02-02-2015 9.00 PM 18.0 12.0 358 0.0 82

02-02-2015 10.00 PM 18.0 11.0 358 0.0 77

02-02-2015 11.00 PM 17.0 10.0 358 0.0 66

02-02-2015 12.00 AM 17.0 9.0 358 0.0 56

02-03-2015 1.00 AM 16.0 9.0 356 0.0 64

02-03-2015 2.00AM 16.0 8.0 356 0.0 49

02-03-2015 3.00 AM 16.0 8.0 356 0.0 38

02-03-2015 4.00 AM 15.0 7.0 357 0.0 31

02-03-2015 5.00AM 15.0 7.0 356 0.0 32

02-03-2015 6.00 AM 16.0 6.0 353 0.0 41

02-03-2015 7.00 AM 17.0 6.0 96 0.0 44

02-03-2015 8.00 AM 17.0 6.0 109 0.0 48

02-03-2015 9.00 AM 18.0 6.0 360 0.0 56

02-03-2015 10.00 AM 19.0 7.0 110 0.0 58

02-03-2015 11.00 AM 20.0 7.0 109 0.0 62

02-03-2015 12.00 AM 21.0 8.0 107 0.0 69

02-03-2015 1.00 PM 22.0 8.0 107 0.0 72

02-03-2015 2.00 PM 23.0 9.0 109 0.0 73

02-03-2015 3.00 PM 23.0 9.0 107 0.0 76

02-03-2015 4.00 PM 24.0 9.0 106 0.0 78

02-03-2015 5.00 PM 25.0 9.0 101 0.0 78

02-03-2015 6.00 PM 22.0 9.0 104 0.0 80

02-03-2015 7.00 PM 22.0 9.0 104 0.0 80

02-03-2015 8.00 PM 20.0 9.0 360 0.0 84

02-03-2015 9.00 PM 19.0 9.0 356 0.0 85

02-03-2015 10.00 PM 18.0 8.0 356 0.0 80

02-03-2015 11.00 PM 18.0 8.0 356 0.0 69

02-03-2015 12.00 AM 17.0 6.0 356 0.0 50

02-04-2015 1.00 AM 17.0 9.0 349 0.0 70

02-04-2015 2.00AM 17.0 9.0 340 0.0 72

02-04-2015 3.00 AM 16.0 9.0 358 0.0 73

02-04-2015 4.00 AM 16.0 8.0 346 0.0 74

02-04-2015 5.00AM 15.0 7.0 351 0.0 76

02-04-2015 6.00 AM 14.0 6.0 360 0.0 78

02-04-2015 7.00 AM 16.2 6.0 113 0.0 79

02-04-2015 8.00 AM 19.0 6.0 113 0.0 73

02-04-2015 9.00 AM 21.0 7.0 114 0.0 68


223


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

02-04-2015 10.00 AM 23.0 8.0 115 0.0 62

02-04-2015 11.00 AM 24.0 9.0 116 0.0 57

02-04-2015 12.00 AM 24.0 10.0 120 0.0 54

02-04-2015 1.00 PM 25.0 11.0 117 0.0 51

02-04-2015 2.00 PM 25.0 12.0 112 0.0 49

02-04-2015 3.00 PM 24.0 13.0 126 0.0 48

02-04-2015 4.00 PM 24.0 12.0 126 0.0 48

02-04-2015 5.00 PM 22.0 12.0 270 0.0 49

02-04-2015 6.00 PM 20.0 11.0 280 0.0 53

02-04-2015 7.00 PM 19.0 11.0 286 0.0 58

02-04-2015 8.00 PM 18.0 11.0 312 0.0 61

02-04-2015 9.00 PM 17.0 12.0 340 0.0 65

02-04-2015 10.00 PM 16.0 11.0 350 0.0 67

02-04-2015 11.00 PM 16.0 10.0 352 0.0 70

02-04-2015 12.00 AM 17.0 9.0 356 0.0 72

02-05-2015 1.00 AM 16.0 9.0 360 0.0 75

02-05-2015 2.00AM 15.0 8.0 358 0.0 78

02-05-2015 3.00 AM 14.0 8.0 356 0.0 81

02-05-2015 4.00 AM 13.0 7.0 357 0.0 82

02-05-2015 5.00AM 13.0 7.0 355 0.0 83

02-05-2015 6.00 AM 12.0 6.0 353 0.0 85

02-05-2015 7.00 AM 12.0 6.0 357 0.0 86

02-05-2015 8.00 AM 13.0 6.0 315 0.0 84

02-05-2015 9.00 AM 15.0 6.0 110 0.0 77

02-05-2015 10.00 AM 17.0 7.0 111 0.0 68

02-05-2015 11.00 AM 19.0 7.0 110 0.0 60

02-05-2015 12.00 AM 21.0 8.0 270 0.0 54

02-05-2015 1.00 PM 22.0 8.0 109 0.0 49

02-05-2015 2.00 PM 23.0 9.0 270 0.0 45

02-05-2015 3.00 PM 24.0 9.0 126 0.0 42

02-05-2015 4.00 PM 23.0 9.0 109 0.0 42

02-05-2015 5.00 PM 23.0 9.0 107 0.0 44

02-05-2015 6.00 PM 21.0 9.0 126 0.0 49

02-05-2015 7.00 PM 19.0 9.0 360 0.0 55

02-05-2015 8.00 PM 18.0 9.0 105 0.0 57

02-05-2015 9.00 PM 16.0 9.0 357 0.0 61

02-05-2015 10.00 PM 16.0 8.0 356 0.0 63

02-05-2015 11.00 PM 15.0 8.0 357 0.0 65

02-05-2015 12.00 AM 14.0 6.0 312 0.0 67

02-06-2015 1.00 AM 13.0 7.0 356 0.0 69

02-06-2015 2.00AM 13.0 7.0 355 0.0 70

02-06-2015 3.00 AM 12.0 7.0 356 0.0 71


224


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

02-06-2015 4.00 AM 12.0 6.0 356 0.0 73

02-06-2015 5.00AM 12.0 6.0 356 0.0 75

02-06-2015 6.00 AM 11.0 6.0 355 0.0 76

02-06-2015 7.00 AM 13.0 6.0 324 0.0 77

02-06-2015 8.00 AM 15.0 7.0 109 0.0 69

02-06-2015 9.00 AM 17.0 8.0 110 0.0 62

02-06-2015 10.00 AM 20.0 9.0 110 0.0 55

02-06-2015 11.00 AM 22.0 10.0 110 0.0 49

02-06-2015 12.00 AM 23.0 10.0 353 0.0 44

02-06-2015 1.00 PM 23.0 9.0 348 0.0 42

02-06-2015 2.00 PM 24.0 8.0 360 0.0 39

02-06-2015 3.00 PM 24.0 10.0 111 0.0 39

02-06-2015 4.00 PM 23.0 10.0 105 0.0 40

02-06-2015 5.00 PM 21.0 11.0 106 0.0 42

02-06-2015 6.00 PM 20.0 11.0 357 0.0 48

02-06-2015 7.00 PM 18.0 11.0 356 0.0 54

02-06-2015 8.00 PM 17.0 10.0 354 0.0 58

02-06-2015 9.00 PM 17.0 10.0 343 0.0 61

02-06-2015 10.00 PM 16.0 9.0 348 0.0 62

02-06-2015 11.00 PM 16.0 9.0 306 0.0 63

02-06-2015 12.00 AM 16.0 9.0 281 0.0 63

02-07-2015 1.00 AM 15.0 9.0 315 0.0 65

02-07-2015 2.00AM 15.0 8.0 344 0.0 65

02-07-2015 3.00 AM 15.0 8.0 344 0.0 67

02-07-2015 4.00 AM 14.0 8.0 331 0.0 68

02-07-2015 5.00AM 14.0 8.0 270 0.0 71

02-07-2015 6.00 AM 14.0 8.0 358 0.0 72

02-07-2015 7.00 AM 14.0 8.0 356 0.0 74

02-07-2015 8.00 AM 14.0 7.0 356 0.0 72

02-07-2015 9.00 AM 16.0 8.0 109 0.0 66

02-07-2015 10.00 AM 18.0 8.0 106 0.0 58

02-07-2015 11.00 AM 20.0 9.0 106 0.0 51

02-07-2015 12.00 AM 22.0 10.0 105 0.0 46

02-07-2015 1.00 PM 23.0 12.0 106 0.0 42

02-07-2015 2.00 PM 24.0 13.0 356 0.0 40

02-07-2015 3.00 PM 25.0 12.0 357 0.0 38

02-07-2015 4.00 PM 24.0 10.0 360 0.0 40

02-07-2015 5.00 PM 24.0 8.0 100 0.0 44

02-07-2015 6.00 PM 22.0 8.0 101 0.0 51

02-07-2015 7.00 PM 20.0 8.0 100 0.0 58

02-07-2015 8.00 PM 20.0 8.0 103 0.0 56

02-07-2015 9.00 PM 20.0 8.0 101 0.0 55


225


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

02-07-2015 10.00 PM 19.0 8.0 270 0.0 56

02-07-2015 11.00 PM 18.0 8.0 292 0.0 57

02-07-2015 12.00 AM 18.0 8.0 332 0.0 58

02-08-2015 1.00 AM 21.0 17.8 355 0.0 62

02-08-2015 2.00AM 21.1 9.8 331 0.0 58

02-08-2015 3.00 AM 22.6 5.2 287 0.0 55

02-08-2015 4.00 AM 22.2 4.2 284 0.0 56

02-08-2015 5.00AM 21.3 9.3 319 0.0 56

02-08-2015 6.00 AM 21.2 12.3 351 0.0 54

02-08-2015 7.00 AM 18.4 23.0 349 0.0 59

02-08-2015 8.00 AM 18.5 6.9 341 0.0 59

02-08-2015 9.00 AM 17.0 8.0 344 0.0 63

02-08-2015 10.00 AM 17.3 3.5 345 0.0 70

02-08-2015 11.00 AM 15.3 9.9 342 0.0 78

02-08-2015 12.00 AM 15.0 3.7 339 0.5 84

02-08-2015 1.00 PM 14.6 7.7 331 0.0 85

02-08-2015 2.00 PM 14.5 0.1 281 0.0 84

02-08-2015 3.00 PM 13.2 0.2 286 0.0 95

02-08-2015 4.00 PM 13.2 0.0 286 0.0 94

02-08-2015 5.00 PM 12.5 0.0 100 0.0 96

02-08-2015 6.00 PM 12.1 0.0 349 0.0 97

02-08-2015 7.00 PM 11.5 0.0 121 0.0 97

02-08-2015 8.00 PM 11.0 0.0 127 0.0 97

02-08-2015 9.00 PM 11.5 0.0 121 0.0 96

02-08-2015 10.00 PM 15.3 0.0 327 0.0 86

02-08-2015 11.00 PM 18.0 0.3 313 0.0 74

02-08-2015 12.00 AM 21.2 0.6 320 0.0 56

02-09-2015 1.00 AM 22.4 1.2 327 0.0 53

02-09-2015 2.00AM 23.5 1.9 270 0.0 48

02-09-2015 3.00 AM 24.4 0.0 354 0.0 45

02-09-2015 4.00 AM 24.2 8.9 292 0.0 42

02-09-2015 5.00AM 25.5 1.0 297 0.0 36

02-09-2015 6.00 AM 24.4 0.9 345 0.0 56

02-09-2015 7.00 AM 21.0 19.2 334 0.0 70

02-09-2015 8.00 AM 18.2 0.0 346 0.0 79

02-09-2015 9.00 AM 18.0 0.2 360 0.0 80

02-09-2015 10.00 AM 17.2 0.0 319 0.0 81

02-09-2015 11.00 AM 16.4 0.8 270 0.0 86

02-09-2015 12.00 AM 16.1 0.0 115 0.0 89

02-09-2015 1.00 PM 15.1 0.0 270 0.0 92

02-09-2015 2.00 PM 14.1 0.0 120 0.0 95

02-09-2015 3.00 PM 14.4 0.0 122 0.0 96


226


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

02-09-2015 4.00 PM 13.2 0.0 270 0.0 97

02-09-2015 5.00 PM 12.2 0.0 282 0.0 97

02-09-2015 6.00 PM 13.0 0.0 270 0.0 97

02-09-2015 7.00 PM 12.0 0.0 107 0.0 88

02-09-2015 8.00 PM 12.1 0.0 113 0.0 73

02-09-2015 9.00 PM 12.1 0.0 332 0.0 72

02-09-2015 10.00 PM 14.5 7.7 345 0.0 71

02-09-2015 11.00 PM 19.3 8.5 350 0.0 68

02-09-2015 12.00 AM 20.0 9.6 352 0.0 66

02-10-2015 1.00 AM 22.1 19.4 353 0.0 64

02-10-2015 2.00AM 24.4 16.8 354 0.0 49

02-10-2015 3.00 AM 25.3 12.3 355 0.0 38

02-10-2015 4.00 AM 25.1 7.2 333 0.0 31

02-10-2015 5.00AM 25.1 10.5 354 0.0 32

02-10-2015 6.00 AM 24.1 4.3 356 0.0 41

02-10-2015 7.00 AM 23.0 4.7 356 0.0 44

02-10-2015 8.00 AM 21.3 0.1 287 0.0 48

02-10-2015 9.00 AM 19.4 0.0 114 0.0 56

02-10-2015 10.00 AM 18.1 0.0 289 0.0 58

02-10-2015 11.00 AM 16.6 0.0 270 0.0 62

02-10-2015 12.00 AM 15.6 0.0 270 0.0 69

02-10-2015 1.00 PM 15.2 1.1 280 0.0 72

02-10-2015 2.00 PM 15.0 0.1 292 0.0 73

02-10-2015 3.00 PM 14.9 0.2 354 0.0 76

02-10-2015 4.00 PM 14.8 0.0 292 0.0 78

02-10-2015 5.00 PM 14.5 0.0 297 0.0 78

02-10-2015 6.00 PM 14.2 0.0 345 0.0 80

02-10-2015 7.00 PM 13.6 1.3 334 0.0 80

02-10-2015 8.00 PM 13.2 0.0 346 0.0 84

02-10-2015 9.00 PM 13.0 0.0 126 0.0 85

02-10-2015 10.00 PM 14.1 2.3 346 0.0 80

02-10-2015 11.00 PM 16.4 5.7 353 0.0 69

02-10-2015 12.00 AM 20.0 0.0 342 0.0 50

02-11-2015 1.00 AM 21.1 17.4 345 0.0 47

02-11-2015 2.00AM 23.3 20.4 345 0.0 43

02-11-2015 3.00 AM 24.4 17.9 353 0.0 40

02-11-2015 4.00 AM 25.0 17.0 355 0.0 39

02-11-2015 5.00AM 24.2 20.3 355 0.0 39

02-11-2015 6.00 AM 23.2 18.0 355 0.0 42

02-11-2015 7.00 AM 20.2 12.6 360 0.0 52

02-11-2015 8.00 AM 19.2 0.1 355 0.0 56

02-11-2015 9.00 AM 18.2 3.6 355 0.0 57


227


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

02-11-2015 10.00 AM 17.2 9.7 355 0.0 62

02-11-2015 11.00 AM 16.4 9.0 365 0.0 63

02-11-2015 12.00 AM 15.5 3.2 115 0.0 63

02-11-2015 1.00 PM 15.1 0.0 110 0.0 63

02-11-2015 2.00 PM 14.9 0.0 120 0.0 65

02-11-2015 3.00 PM 14.8 1.6 122 0.0 66

02-11-2015 4.00 PM 14.6 2.1 270 0.0 66

02-11-2015 5.00 PM 14.4 0.0 282 0.0 67

02-11-2015 6.00 PM 14.1 0.0 270 0.0 70

02-11-2015 7.00 PM 14.5 1.5 72 0.0 72

02-11-2015 8.00 PM 15.3 0.0 52 0.0 74

02-11-2015 9.00 PM 16.2 0.0 315 0.0 75

02-11-2015 10.00 PM 17.4 0.1 278 0.0 76

02-11-2015 11.00 PM 18.5 0.2 280 0.0 77

02-11-2015 12.00 AM 19.2 0.3 292 0.0 78

02-12-2015 1.00 AM 22.4 0.3 315 0.0 56

02-12-2015 2.00AM 25.3 0.5 344 0.0 49

02-12-2015 3.00 AM 25.3 0.5 344 0.0 49

02-12-2015 4.00 AM 26.4 0.8 331 0.0 47

02-12-2015 5.00AM 26.3 0.0 270 0.0 41

02-12-2015 6.00 AM 27.3 0.5 358 0.0 39

02-12-2015 7.00 AM 22.3 2.5 356 0.0 53

02-12-2015 8.00 AM 20.5 3.2 356 0.0 57

02-12-2015 9.00 AM 18.3 0.0 109 0.0 62

02-12-2015 10.00 AM 18.0 0.0 106 0.0 65

02-12-2015 11.00 AM 16.0 0.0 106 0.0 73

02-12-2015 12.00 AM 15.1 0.0 105 0.0 80

02-12-2015 1.00 PM 14.3 0.0 106 0.0 88

02-12-2015 2.00 PM 14.6 0.5 356 0.0 83

02-12-2015 3.00 PM 13.3 0.7 357 0.0 87

02-12-2015 4.00 PM 13.1 0.0 360 0.0 87

02-12-2015 5.00 PM 12.4 0.0 100 0.0 90

02-12-2015 6.00 PM 11.3 0.0 101 0.0 93

02-12-2015 7.00 PM 10.6 0.0 100 3.5 95

02-12-2015 8.00 PM 11.2 0.0 103 0.0 93

02-12-2015 9.00 PM 15.6 0.0 101 0.0 78

02-12-2015 10.00 PM 19.4 0.0 270 0.0 58

02-12-2015 11.00 PM 20.5 0.2 292 0.0 55

02-12-2015 12.00 AM 21.3 0.6 332 0.0 48

13/2/2015 1.00 AM 22.4 0.0 360 0.0 46

13/2/2015 2.00AM 24.3 2.8 358 0.0 46

13/2/2015 3.00 AM 25.0 2.2 356 0.0 37


228


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

13/2/2015 4.00 AM 27.1 8.0 357 0.0 29

13/2/2015 5.00AM 27.2 5.9 355 0.0 26

13/2/2015 6.00 AM 27.0 2.9 353 0.0 26

13/2/2015 7.00 AM 24.0 0.3 357 0.0 25

13/2/2015 8.00 AM 22.1 0.0 315 0.0 34

13/2/2015 9.00 AM 19.2 0.0 110 0.0 37

13/2/2015 10.00 AM 16.3 0.0 111 0.0 42

13/2/2015 11.00 AM 16.2 0.0 110 0.0 59

13/2/2015 12.00 AM 15.5 0.0 270 0.0 58

13/2/2015 1.00 PM 15.1 0.0 109 0.0 59

13/2/2015 2.00 PM 13.1 0.0 270 0.0 61

13/2/2015 3.00 PM 12.1 0.0 126 0.0 71

13/2/2015 4.00 PM 11.3 0.0 109 0.0 73

13/2/2015 5.00 PM 12.0 0.0 107 0.0 73

13/2/2015 6.00 PM 11.2 0.0 126 0.0 75

13/2/2015 7.00 PM 10.2 0.0 360 0.0 80

13/2/2015 8.00 PM 10.3 0.0 105 0.0 79

13/2/2015 9.00 PM 11.6 0.5 357 0.0 82

13/2/2015 10.00 PM 15.6 2.8 356 0.0 77

13/2/2015 11.00 PM 18.2 8.0 357 0.0 66

13/2/2015 12.00 AM 19.6 6.2 312 0.0 56

14/2/2015 1.00 AM 25.0 6.0 290 0.0 43

14/2/2015 2.00AM 29.5 5.2 276 0.0 29

14/2/2015 3.00 AM 30.1 11.6 357 0.0 28

14/2/2015 4.00 AM 31.3 8.6 356 0.0 24

14/2/2015 5.00AM 31.1 5.0 355 0.0 24

14/2/2015 6.00 AM 30.2 0.8 358 0.0 29

14/2/2015 7.00 AM 26.5 0.0 99 0.0 38

14/2/2015 8.00 AM 23.1 0.0 101 0.0 47

14/2/2015 9.00 AM 22.1 0.7 357 0.0 46

14/2/2015 10.00 AM 21.0 0.2 356 0.0 50

14/2/2015 11.00 AM 18.1 0.0 101 0.0 63

14/2/2015 12.00 AM 17.1 0.0 103 0.0 70

14/2/2015 1.00 PM 16.0 0.0 102 0.0 74

14/2/2015 2.00 PM 15.1 0.0 102 0.0 79

14/2/2015 3.00 PM 14.1 0.0 102 0.0 79

14/2/2015 4.00 PM 14.2 0.0 101 0.0 78

14/2/2015 5.00 PM 14.3 0.0 99 0.0 79

14/2/2015 6.00 PM 13.3 0.0 360 0.0 79

14/2/2015 7.00 PM 13.5 0.0 360 0.0 77

14/2/2015 8.00 PM 14.2 0.0 94 0.0 71

14/2/2015 9.00 PM 19.2 1.1 358 0.0 58


229


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

14/2/2015 10.00 PM 22.2 2.5 358 0.0 48

14/2/2015 11.00 PM 24.5 2.8 358 0.0 40

14/2/2015 12.00 AM 27.0 3.2 358 0.0 40

15/2/2015 1.00 AM 30.1 2.8 357 0.0 36

15/2/2015 2.00AM 31.0 6.6 357 0.0 25

15/2/2015 3.00 AM 31.3 18.5 357 0.0 26

15/2/2015 4.00 AM 30.3 8.4 356 0.0 29

15/2/2015 5.00AM 26.3 5.1 320 0.0 35

15/2/2015 6.00 AM 25.2 2.8 360 0.0 36

15/2/2015 7.00 AM 24.5 0.0 356 0.0 37

15/2/2015 8.00 AM 23.4 0.0 250 0.0 40

15/2/2015 9.00 AM 22.8 0.0 80 0.0 43

15/2/2015 10.00 AM 22.1 0.0 105 0.0 44

15/2/2015 11.00 AM 21.4 0.0 106 0.0 76

15/2/2015 12.00 AM 20.4 0.0 106 0.0 80

15/2/2015 1.00 PM 18.6 0.0 104 0.0 81

15/2/2015 2.00 PM 16.2 0.0 107 0.0 72

15/2/2015 3.00 PM 14.1 0.0 106 0.0 76

15/2/2015 4.00 PM 13.2 0.0 106 0.0 80

15/2/2015 5.00 PM 13.3 0.0 104 0.0 81

15/2/2015 6.00 PM 12.5 0.0 100 0.0 82

15/2/2015 7.00 PM 11.6 0.0 98 0.0 67

15/2/2015 8.00 PM 11.4 0.0 100 0.0 87

15/2/2015 9.00 PM 12.2 0.0 98 0.0 82

15/2/2015 10.00 PM 18.0 0.0 101 0.0 67

15/2/2015 11.00 PM 22.0 0.3 99 0.0 54

15/2/2015 12.00 AM 25.3 0.2 349 0.0 51

16/2/2015 1.00 AM 25.3 0.3 349 0.0 51

16/2/2015 2.00AM 29.1 0.9 340 0.0 37

16/2/2015 3.00 AM 30.1 0.8 358 0.0 27

16/2/2015 4.00 AM 31.2 1.3 346 0.0 26

16/2/2015 5.00AM 31.2 3.0 351 0.0 28

16/2/2015 6.00 AM 28.2 0.0 360 0.0 36

16/2/2015 7.00 AM 25.2 0.0 113 0.0 47

16/2/2015 8.00 AM 23.0 0.0 113 0.0 54

16/2/2015 9.00 AM 21.1 0.0 114 0.0 62

16/2/2015 10.00 AM 19.2 0.0 115 0.0 66

16/2/2015 11.00 AM 16.2 0.0 116 0.0 79

16/2/2015 12.00 AM 15.0 0.0 120 0.0 82

16/2/2015 1.00 PM 15.1 0.0 117 0.0 82

16/2/2015 2.00 PM 14.0 0.0 112 0.0 85

16/2/2015 3.00 PM 13.2 0.0 126 0.0 89


230


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

16/2/2015 4.00 PM 18.2 0.0 126 0.0 74

16/2/2015 5.00 PM 22.1 0.0 270 0.0 58

16/2/2015 6.00 PM 23.4 0.0 280 0.0 47

16/2/2015 7.00 PM 24.6 0.0 286 0.0 55

16/2/2015 8.00 PM 25.1 0.1 312 0.0 53

16/2/2015 9.00 PM 25.6 0.3 340 0.0 50

16/2/2015 10.00 PM 25.9 0.6 350 0.0 50

16/2/2015 11.00 PM 26.0 0.8 352 0.0 50

16/2/2015 12.00 AM 26.0 1.1 356 0.0 48

17/2/2015 1.00 AM 26.0 1.1 356 0.0 48

17/2/2015 2.00AM 32.4 9.1 355 0.0 28

17/2/2015 3.00 AM 33.0 15.9 356 0.0 27

17/2/2015 4.00 AM 32.3 9.1 356 0.0 27

17/2/2015 5.00AM 31.2 26.9 356 0.0 25

17/2/2015 6.00 AM 30.0 11.0 355 0.0 30

17/2/2015 7.00 AM 27.2 0.0 324 0.0 39

17/2/2015 8.00 AM 25.2 0.0 109 0.0 45

17/2/2015 9.00 AM 24.0 0.0 110 0.0 51

17/2/2015 10.00 AM 23.3 0.0 110 0.0 52

17/2/2015 11.00 AM 22.2 0.0 110 0.0 57

17/2/2015 12.00 AM 21.1 0.9 353 0.0 58

17/2/2015 1.00 PM 20.1 0.0 348 0.0 62

17/2/2015 2.00 PM 19.3 0.0 360 0.0 65

17/2/2015 3.00 PM 18.2 0.0 111 0.0 70

17/2/2015 4.00 PM 15.4 0.0 105 0.0 80

17/2/2015 5.00 PM 16.1 0.0 106 0.0 78

17/2/2015 6.00 PM 20.5 0.7 357 0.0 67

17/2/2015 7.00 PM 30.5 0.7 356 0.0 38

17/2/2015 8.00 PM 33.0 6.4 354 0.0 24

17/2/2015 9.00 PM 32.6 3.2 343 0.0 22

17/2/2015 10.00 PM 31.3 2.2 348 0.0 25

17/2/2015 11.00 PM 29.0 0.3 306 0.0 30

17/2/2015 12.00 AM 27.0 0.2 281 0.0 34

18/2/2015 1.00 AM 33.0 6.4 354 0.0 24

18/2/2015 2.00AM 32.6 3.2 343 0.0 22

18/2/2015 3.00 AM 31.3 2.2 348 0.0 32

18/2/2015 4.00 AM 29.0 0.3 306 0.5 89

18/2/2015 5.00AM 27.0 0.2 281 0.0 66

18/2/2015 6.00 AM 22.5 0.0 109 0.0 51

18/2/2015 7.00 AM 20.1 0.0 115 0.0 58

18/2/2015 8.00 AM 19.2 0.0 118 0.0 59

18/2/2015 9.00 AM 19.3 0.0 116 0.0 59


231


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

18/2/2015 10.00 AM 17.0 0.0 118 0.0 68

18/2/2015 11.00 AM 17.5 0.0 119 0.0 72

18/2/2015 12.00 AM 17.4 0.0 116 0.0 72

18/2/2015 1.00 PM 15.0 0.0 115 0.0 78

18/2/2015 2.00 PM 14.1 0.0 114 0.0 82

18/2/2015 3.00 PM 14.3 0.0 111 0.0 84

18/2/2015 4.00 PM 14.0 0.0 111 0.0 86

18/2/2015 5.00 PM 14.5 0.0 110 0.0 85

18/2/2015 6.00 PM 18.3 0.0 126 0.0 74

18/2/2015 7.00 PM 23.3 0.0 270 0.0 59

18/2/2015 8.00 PM 29.4 0.0 102 0.0 38

18/2/2015 9.00 PM 31.1 0.6 355 0.0 35

18/2/2015 10.00 PM 32.0 0.8 338 0.0 22

18/2/2015 11.00 PM 33.2 1.9 354 0.0 22

18/2/2015 12.00 AM 33.1 0.0 270 0.0 22

19/2/2015 1.00 AM 29.4 0.0 102 0.0 38

19/2/2015 2.00AM 31.1 0.6 355 0.0 35

19/2/2015 3.00 AM 32.0 0.8 338 0.0 22

19/2/2015 4.00 AM 33.2 1.9 354 0.0 22

19/2/2015 5.00AM 33.1 0.0 270 0.0 22

19/2/2015 6.00 AM 31.0 0.0 360 0.0 30

19/2/2015 7.00 AM 26.4 0.0 110 0.0 43

19/2/2015 8.00 AM 25.3 0.0 270 0.0 46

19/2/2015 9.00 AM 23.2 0.0 117 0.0 52

19/2/2015 10.00 AM 21.0 0.1 289 0.0 52

19/2/2015 11.00 AM 21.0 0.0 284 0.0 55

19/2/2015 12.00 AM 19.4 0.0 102 0.0 62

19/2/2015 1.00 PM 18.2 0.0 289 0.0 64

19/2/2015 2.00 PM 18.1 0.0 124 0.0 66

19/2/2015 3.00 PM 17.3 0.0 120 0.0 71

19/2/2015 4.00 PM 16.1 0.0 270 0.0 77

19/2/2015 5.00 PM 15.2 0.0 270 0.0 81

19/2/2015 6.00 PM 16.2 0.0 270 0.0 79

19/2/2015 7.00 PM 21.3 0.0 114 0.0 60

19/2/2015 8.00 PM 25.3 0.0 270 0.0 45

19/2/2015 9.00 PM 27.4 0.1 328 0.0 39

19/2/2015 10.00 PM 31.3 0.2 358 0.0 30

19/2/2015 11.00 PM 32.1 1.6 356 0.0 26

19/2/2015 12.00 AM 31.1 2.5 356 0.0 22

20/2/2015 1.00 AM 27.4 0.1 328 0.0 39

20/2/2015 2.00AM 31.3 5.1 358 0.0 30

20/2/2015 3.00 AM 32.1 4.1 356 0.0 26


232


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

20/2/2015 4.00 AM 31.1 18.2 356 0.0 22

20/2/2015 5.00AM 32.5 10.7 356 0.0 22

20/2/2015 6.00 AM 27.1 0.0 360 0.0 36

20/2/2015 7.00 AM 25.1 2.0 356 0.0 38

20/2/2015 8.00 AM 22.4 0.0 327 0.0 49

20/2/2015 9.00 AM 20.0 0.0 110 0.0 57

20/2/2015 10.00 AM 17.2 0.0 115 0.0 67

20/2/2015 11.00 AM 17.1 0.0 113 0.0 69

20/2/2015 12.00 AM 16.1 0.0 112 0.0 71

20/2/2015 1.00 PM 15.2 0.0 112 0.0 78

20/2/2015 2.00 PM 14.1 0.0 109 0.0 81

20/2/2015 3.00 PM 13.3 0.0 106 0.0 84

20/2/2015 4.00 PM 15.1 0.0 107 0.0 80

20/2/2015 5.00 PM 20.3 0.0 356 0.0 60

20/2/2015 6.00 PM 24.2 0.0 357 0.0 48

20/2/2015 7.00 PM 27.4 0.1 356 0.0 46

20/2/2015 8.00 PM 30.3 0.4 356 0.0 45

20/2/2015 9.00 PM 34.0 0.6 356 0.0 42

20/2/2015 10.00 PM 34.2 0.8 357 0.0 42

20/2/2015 11.00 PM 34.1 2.2 356 0.0 42

20/2/2015 12.00 AM 33.2 2.2 353 0.0 402

21/2/2015 1.00 AM 27.4 2.2 356 0.0 41

21/2/2015 2.00AM 30.3 3.2 356 0.0 35

21/2/2015 3.00 AM 34.0 7.0 356 0.0 22

21/2/2015 4.00 AM 34.2 15.2 357 0.0 22

21/2/2015 5.00AM 34.1 10.1 356 0.0 21

21/2/2015 6.00 AM 27.0 0.7 353 0.0 33

21/2/2015 7.00 AM 24.1 0.0 96 0.0 43

21/2/2015 8.00 AM 23.5 0.0 109 0.0 45

21/2/2015 9.00 AM 22.6 0.0 360 0.0 46

21/2/2015 10.00 AM 21.6 0.0 110 0.0 49

21/2/2015 11.00 AM 18.0 0.0 109 0.0 60

21/2/2015 12.00 AM 17.3 0.0 107 0.0 66

21/2/2015 1.00 PM 16.5 0.0 107 0.0 68

21/2/2015 2.00 PM 16.3 0.0 109 0.0 71

21/2/2015 3.00 PM 16.1 0.0 107 0.0 72

21/2/2015 4.00 PM 15.0 0.0 106 0.0 74

21/2/2015 5.00 PM 15.0 0.0 101 0.0 75

21/2/2015 6.00 PM 16.1 0.0 104 0.0 72

21/2/2015 7.00 PM 20.1 0.0 104 0.0 60

21/2/2015 8.00 PM 26.4 0.0 360 0.0 44

21/2/2015 9.00 PM 28.2 0.1 356 0.0 39


233


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

21/2/2015 10.00 PM 29.4 0.5 356 0.0 39

21/2/2015 11.00 PM 29.2 0.8 356 0.0 36

21/2/2015 12.00 AM 30.2 1.2 356 0.0 35

22/2/2015 1.00 AM 28.2 1.2 356 0.0 39

22/2/2015 2.00AM 29.3 3.8 356 0.0 34

22/2/2015 3.00 AM 31.0 9.3 356 0.0 29

22/2/2015 4.00 AM 32.6 12.1 356 0.0 26

22/2/2015 5.00AM 32.0 18.3 356 0.0 23

22/2/2015 6.00 AM 32.1 12.9 356 0.0 25

22/2/2015 7.00 AM 32.2 9.7 356 0.0 25

22/2/2015 8.00 AM 30.6 0.5 343 0.0 31

22/2/2015 9.00 AM 28.1 0.0 360 0.0 38

22/2/2015 10.00 AM 25.4 0.0 109 0.0 44

22/2/2015 11.00 AM 22.2 0.0 107 0.0 54

22/2/2015 12.00 AM 21.3 0.0 126 0.0 58

22/2/2015 1.00 PM 20.0 0.0 109 0.0 62

22/2/2015 2.00 PM 20.0 0.0 126 0.0 63

22/2/2015 3.00 PM 18.2 0.0 110 0.0 63

22/2/2015 4.00 PM 18.2 0.0 109 0.0 66

22/2/2015 5.00 PM 16.1 0.0 110 0.0 72

22/2/2015 6.00 PM 16.5 0.0 110 0.0 72

22/2/2015 7.00 PM 15.1 0.0 126 0.0 75

22/2/2015 8.00 PM 14.1 0.0 126 0.0 79

22/2/2015 9.00 PM 14.2 0.0 104 0.0 83

22/2/2015 10.00 PM 15.5 0.0 106 0.0 76

22/2/2015 11.00 PM 21.5 0.0 104 0.0 59

22/2/2015 12.00 AM 26.1 0.0 104 0.0 45

23/2/2015 1.00 AM 29.5 0.0 360 0.0 36

23/2/2015 2.00AM 31.0 0.5 356 0.0 31

23/2/2015 3.00 AM 33.4 2.1 356 0.0 27

23/2/2015 4.00 AM 34.5 4.7 357 0.0 26

23/2/2015 5.00AM 34.5 2.3 341 0.0 20

23/2/2015 6.00 AM 31.0 0.0 360 0.0 30

23/2/2015 7.00 AM 26.4 0.0 110 0.0 39

23/2/2015 8.00 AM 25.3 0.0 270 0.0 45

23/2/2015 9.00 AM 23.2 0.0 117 0.0 51

23/2/2015 10.00 AM 21.0 0.1 289 0.0 52

23/2/2015 11.00 AM 21.0 0.0 284 0.0 57

23/2/2015 12.00 AM 19.4 0.0 102 0.0 58

23/2/2015 1.00 PM 18.2 0.0 289 0.0 62

23/2/2015 2.00 PM 18.1 0.0 124 0.0 65

23/2/2015 3.00 PM 17.3 0.0 120 0.0 70


234


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

23/2/2015 4.00 PM 16.1 0.0 270 0.0 80

23/2/2015 5.00 PM 15.2 0.0 270 0.0 78

23/2/2015 6.00 PM 16.2 0.0 270 0.0 67

23/2/2015 7.00 PM 21.3 0.0 114 0.0 38

23/2/2015 8.00 PM 25.3 0.0 270 0.0 24

23/2/2015 9.00 PM 27.4 0.1 328 0.0 22

23/2/2015 10.00 PM 21.4 0.0 105 0.0 61

23/2/2015 11.00 PM 25.3 0.0 360 0.0 50

23/2/2015 12.00 AM 28.4 0.3 357 0.0 43

24/2/2015 1.00 AM 28.4 0.3 357 0.0 43

24/2/2015 2.00AM 33.3 0.3 354 0.0 27

24/2/2015 3.00 AM 34.0 3.2 355 0.0 23

24/2/2015 4.00 AM 35.6 0.5 358 0.0 19

24/2/2015 5.00AM 35.3 0.2 358 0.0 20

24/2/2015 6.00 AM 32.2 0.5 355 0.0 29

24/2/2015 7.00 AM 29.5 0.0 126 0.0 38

24/2/2015 8.00 AM 27.6 0.0 111 0.0 44

24/2/2015 9.00 AM 23.3 0.0 113 0.0 57

24/2/2015 10.00 AM 22.4 0.0 112 0.0 55

24/2/2015 11.00 AM 21.5 0.0 111 0.0 56

24/2/2015 12.00 AM 19.0 0.0 110 0.0 63

24/2/2015 1.00 PM 17.3 0.0 114 0.0 74

24/2/2015 2.00 PM 16.1 0.0 110 0.0 76

24/2/2015 3.00 PM 15.2 0.0 110 0.0 77

24/2/2015 4.00 PM 15.6 0.0 109 0.0 76

24/2/2015 5.00 PM 17.2 0.0 360 0.0 71

24/2/2015 6.00 PM 20.3 0.0 356 0.0 63

24/2/2015 7.00 PM 21.4 0.0 95 0.0 46

24/2/2015 8.00 PM 22.6 0.0 357 0.0 46

24/2/2015 9.00 PM 23.5 0.0 356 0.0 42

24/2/2015 10.00 PM 24.6 0.2 356 0.0 40

24/2/2015 11.00 PM 25.3 0.0 356 0.0 40

24/2/2015 12.00 AM 26.2 0.5 356 0.0 39

25/2/2015 1.00 AM 29.0 0.5 357 0.0 38

25/2/2015 2.00AM 31.2 1.1 356 0.0 33

25/2/2015 3.00 AM 34.6 1.8 356 0.0 27

25/2/2015 4.00 AM 35.3 4.0 356 0.0 23

25/2/2015 5.00AM 36.4 7.7 356 0.0 20

25/2/2015 6.00 AM 36.1 1.8 356 0.0 19

25/2/2015 7.00 AM 34.0 0.5 356 0.0 26

25/2/2015 8.00 AM 25.3 0.0 138 0.0 44

25/2/2015 9.00 AM 24.4 0.0 315 0.0 45


235


Wind speed

(km/hr)

Wind direction

(Deg)

Rain fall

(mm)

Relative Humidity

(%)

25/2/2015 10.00 AM 23.0 0.5 309 0.0 52

25/2/2015 11.00 AM 22.1 0.0 270 0.0 56

25/2/2015 12.00 AM 21.0 0.0 136 0.0 56

25/2/2015 1.00 PM 20.1 0.0 136 0.0 58

25/2/2015 2.00 PM 19.1 0.0 270 0.0 61

25/2/2015 3.00 PM 19.4 0.1 307 0.0 63

25/2/2015 4.00 PM 18.2 0.0 304 0.0 67

25/2/2015 5.00 PM 19.0 0.0 315 0.0 62

25/2/2015 6.00 PM 22.6 0.4 302 0.0 51

25/2/2015 7.00 PM 25.3 0.3 302 0.0 41

25/2/2015 8.00 PM 25.8 0.4 301 0.0 39

25/2/2015 9.00 PM 26.2 0.6 299 0.0 37

25/2/2015 10.00 PM 26.5 0.2 301 0.0 35

25/2/2015 11.00 PM 27.6 1.1 303 0.0 33

25/2/2015 12.00 AM 29.2 0.6 302 0.0 33


236

ANNEXURE 4: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Parameters PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NMHC HC TVOC

Monitoring Station

Locations Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean

AQ1 Luhari

Village

102 78 91.4 38.5 27.6 32.5 14.2 9.6 12.3 24.2 12.6 21.1 BDL BDL BDL 0.5 0.15 0.29 BDL BDL BDL

AQ2 Hatta Town 136 70 109.1 56 32 42 21.5 8.8 15.8 36.2 10.5 25.6 0.4 0.05 0.16 1.1 0.30 0.64 BDL BDL BDL

AQ3 Mankora

Village

106 78.4 94.0 38.6 29.6 35.3 15 11.3 13.5 26.9 20.2 24.9 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

AQ4 Majhguwan

Patol

Village

120 88 99.4 54 32 38.6 18.2 12 14.1 27.6 22.6 24.8 BDL BDL BDL 0.4 0.2 0.26 BDL BDL BDL

AQ5 Chakarda

Mafi

Village

116 83 95.7 56 34 41.7 14 7.0 11.3 24 17 20.6 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

AQ6 Haruda

Jamsa

Village

88 75 82.5 36.4 25.8 30.7 15 7.0 12.2 28 13 23.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

AQ7 Ghurata

Village

90 76 84.3 38 26.5 33.2 14.2 7.0 11.4 27 13 21.8 BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.05 0.07 BDL BDL BDL

AQ8 Motha

Village

120 96 107.7 43.6 35.4 39.6 15.2 12.4 14.0 28. 23.2 25.9 0.05 BDL BDL 0.3 0.05 0.154 BDL BDL BDL

NAAQS 100 60 80 80 - -


237

ANNEXURE 5: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS (IN DECIBELS)

Locations Area category Leq (D) NAAQS (Day)

Leq (N) NAAQS (night time)

N-1 Chakardha Mafi Village Residential 51.7 55 42.7 45

N-2 Luhari Village Residential 52.8 55 43 45

N3 Mankora Village Residential 53.3 55 44.4 45

N4 Hardua Jamsa Village Residential 51.1 55 44.5 45

N5 Majhguwan Patol Village Residential 52 55 42.8 45

N6 Hatta Town Residential 58.6 55 45.3 45

N7 Ghurata Village Residential 52 55 42.4 45

N8 Motha Village Residential 50.5 55 44.1 45


238

ANNEXURE 6: CPCB WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR DESIGNATED BEST USE CLASSES

Designated-Best-Use Class of

water Criteria

Drinking Water Source

without conventional

treatment but after

disinfection

A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less

pH between 6.5 and 8.5

Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or less

Outdoor bathing (Organized) B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or

less

pH between 6.5 and 8.5



Drinking water source after

conventional treatment and

disinfection

C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or

less

pH between 6 to 9



Propagation of Wild life and

Fisheries

D pH between 6.5 to 8.5


Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling,

Controlled Waste disposal

E pH between 6.0 to 8.5

Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm Max.2250

Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26

Boron Max. 2mg/l

Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria


239

ANNEXURE 7: TRAFFIC MONITORING RESULTS

Location Time Two

Wheeler

Three

Wheeler

Four

Wheeler

LMV HM

V

Bus

and

Truc

ks

Othe

rs

T1

(SH-51)

6:00AM --

12:00 PM 99 37 104 56 40 7 99

12:00 PM --

6:00 PM 107 38 132 47 42 7 107

6:00 PM --

00:00 AM 72 27 113 40 33 5 72

00:00 AM --

6:00 AM 36 5 56 46 12 4 36

T2

(SH-49)

6:00AM --

12:00 PM 101 43 93 44 40 15 101

12:00 PM --

6:00 PM 94 24 127 45 28 6 94

6:00 PM --

00:00 AM 65 17 122 31 22 1 65

00:00 AM --

6:00 AM 39 6 63 36 11 3 39

T3

(SH-37)

6:00AM --

12:00 PM 110 32 143 80 50 1 110

12:00 PM --

6:00 PM 123 27 159 42 51 8 123

6:00 PM --

00:00 AM 85 25 138 48 43 13 85

00:00 AM --

6:00 AM 52 6 69 60 13 4 52

SENES 240 ONGC

ANNEXURE 8: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA VILLAGES

Sl No

Village HH Total

Population

HH Size

Male Popula

tion

% Male

Female Populati

on

% Female

Sex Ratio

1 Dholiya Kheda 206 926 4 492 53.13 434 46.87 882

2 Bandha 270 1136 4 574 50.53 562 49.47 884

3 Manpura 79 299 4 167 55.85 132 44.15 790

4 Binti 247 901 4 473 52.50 428 47.50 905

5 Chakarda Mafi 221 910 4 484 53.19 426 46.81 880

6 Doli 372 1492 4 784 52.55 708 47.45 903

7 Dhuma 132 598 5 309 51.67 289 48.33 935

8 Kanti 383 1704 4 899 52.76 805 47.24 895

9 Shivpur 114 534 5 281 52.62 253 47.38 900

10 Puranakheda 283 1307 5 668 51.11 639 48.89 957

11 Panji 227 875 4 475 54.29 400 45.71 842

12 Purena Bakshi 70 318 5 159 50.00 159 50.00 1000

13 Harat 276 1014 4 544 53.65 470 46.35 864

14 Agara 446 2115 5 1103 52.15 1012 47.85 917

15 Ahrora 180 786 4 419 53.31 367 46.69 876

16 Bakayan 381 1589 4 806 50.72 783 49.28 971

17 Badagaon 174 603 3 331 54.89 272 45.11 822

18 Berkhedi 523 2168 4 1185 54.66 983 45.34 830

19 Batiyagarh 2027 8951 4 4728 52.82 4223 47.18 893

20 Basiya 423 1541 4 838 54.38 703 45.62 839

21 Bhatera 93 408 4 205 50.25 203 49.75 990

22 Fatehpur 1071 4250 4 2287 53.81 1963 46.19 858

23 Futera Kalan 1406 6398 5 3336 52.14 3062 47.86 918

24 Ghughas 799 3162 4 1685 53.29 1477 46.71 877

25 Baroda Kalan 448 1903 4 980 51.50 923 48.50 942

26 Hardua Jamsa 569 2166 4 1134 52.35 1032 47.65 910


241

Sl No

Village HH Total

Population

HH Size

Male Popula

tion

% Male

Female Populati

on

% Female

Sex Ratio

27 Hingwani 439 1527 3 779 51.02 748 48.98 960

28 Chainpura 234 968 4 516 53.31 452 46.69 876

29 Kanora Ramnagar 299 1237 4 653 52.79 584 47.21 894

30 Lukayan 238 1003 4 524 52.24 479 47.76 914

31 Magron 962 3917 4 2031 51.85 1886 48.15 929

32 Mangola 282 1142 4 573 50.18 569 49.82 993

33 Menwar 232 975 4 527 54.05 448 45.95 850

34 Motha 173 685 4 337 49.20 348 50.80 1033

35 Neemi 223 889 4 478 53.77 411 46.23 860

36 Sunwaha 227 894 4 467 52.24 427 47.76 914

37 Sariya 348 1491 4 790 52.98 701 47.02 887

38 Sakatpur 156 684 4 347 50.73 337 49.27 971

39 Padajhir 180 691 4 356 51.52 335 48.48 941

40 Piprodha 173 843 5 430 51.01 413 48.99 960

41 Bhatiya 582 2455 4 1278 52.06 1177 47.94 921

42 Chainpura 128 466 4 255 54.72 211 45.28 827

43 Bijori Pathak 264 1177 4 613 52.08 564 47.92 920

44 Barkhera Bais 481 1810 4 966 53.37 844 46.63 874

45 Kanjra 438 1668 4 923 55.34 745 44.66 807

46 Kutri 233 1063 5 592 55.69 471 44.31 796

47 Luhari 896 3631 4 1875 51.64 1756 48.36 937

48 Luharra 193 837 4 436 52.09 401 47.91 920

49 Majhguwan Patol 309 1179 4 614 52.08 565 47.92 920

50 Ronda 213 1052 5 553 52.57 499 47.43 902

51 Rusalli 307 1278 4 657 51.41 621 48.59 945

52 Rewdha Kalan 231 713 3 380 53.30 333 46.70 876

53 Sojna 542 1910 4 1000 52.36 910 47.64 910


242

Sl No

Village HH Total

Population

HH Size

Male Popula

tion

% Male

Female Populati

on

% Female

Sex Ratio

54 Shikarpura 263 871 3 454 52.12 417 47.88 919

55 Kheri Balgovind 229 833 4 445 53.42 388 46.58 872

56 Kodiya 184 669 4 335 50.07 334 49.93 997

57 Itwa Hiralal 303 1097 4 565 51.50 532 48.50 942

58 Deolai 180 743 4 390 52.49 353 47.51 905

59 Rangir 172 683 4 337 49.34 346 50.66 1027

60 Sita Nagar 818 3423 4 1827 53.37 1596 46.63 874

61 Simri Sitanagar 104 489 5 254 51.94 235 48.06 925

62 Madiya Sitanagar 192 810 4 423 52.22 387 47.78 915

63 Mankora 217 771 4 406 52.66 365 47.34 899

64 Bhaguwa 97 397 4 214 53.90 183 46.10 855

65 Padariya 142 655 5 359 54.81 296 45.19 825

66 Kusmad 187 755 4 374 49.54 381 50.46 1019

67 Bhujpura 127 607 5 318 52.39 289 47.61 909

68 Chachaisemra 243 1055 4 571 54.12 484 45.88 848


243

ANNEXURE 9: WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION IN THE STUDY VILLAGES

Villages

Total worker

% Cultivators

% Agriculture

Labour

% Household

workers

% other workers

Dholiya Kheda 430 7.91 47.21 6.74 6.74

Bandha 603 22.22 31.01 7.30 5.31

Manpura 168 17.26 29.76 0.00 0.00

Binti 476 10.71 49.37 2.73 9.03

Chakarda Mafi 454 28.19 11.45 7.49 4.85

Doli 1035 13.91 46.09 0.77 5.31

Dhuma 325 16.62 23.08 0.92 7.38

Kanti 963 18.38 19.42 12.36 3.53

Shivpur 261 38.70 1.15 7.28 3.07

Puranakheda 736 2.58 3.40 3.53 7.07

Panji 516 27.52 13.37 1.94 3.29

Purena Bakshi 115 35.65 46.09 0.87 15.65

Harat 436 7.34 33.26 3.44 9.63

Agara 1017 29.01 17.99 7.87 3.24

Ahrora 339 23.89 46.02 0.29 7.37

Bakayan 577 19.58 24.78 2.08 13.00

Badagaon 225 26.67 62.67 0.44 3.11

Berkhedi 1162 15.40 25.04 1.20 4.99

Batiyagarh 3720 9.97 7.10 19.38 40.91

Basiya 782 26.21 12.40 17.39 18.16

Bhatera 156 35.90 30.13 1.28 18.59

Fatehpur 1825 16.60 20.88 5.15 24.05

Futera Kalan 2636 14.00 17.37 12.59 33.73

Ghughas 1835 13.24 30.90 8.23 6.87

Baroda Kalan 958 39.25 36.85 0.84 8.46

Hardua Jamsa 1068 20.04 37.08 10.02 8.15

Hingwani 561 19.25 30.48 0.89 3.03

Chainpura 316 6.96 26.90 17.09 31.96

Kanora Ramnagar 544 24.26 47.79 0.74 11.58

Lukayan 359 23.12 6.41 0.28 9.19

Magron 1653 15.61 36.72 1.15 21.36

Mangola 392 16.33 54.08 11.99 14.29


244

Menwar 362 25.97 2.21 0.00 8.56

Motha 322 23.29 15.22 1.24 16.15

Neemi 362 12.43 13.54 0.00 5.52

Sunwaha 469 5.97 11.94 0.00 1.71

Sariya 603 29.68 31.18 5.31 6.63

Sakatpur 305 22.95 55.08 4.92 5.90

Padajhir 286 28.32 30.07 9.09 9.09

Piprodha 264 31.44 14.02 0.00 4.55

Bhatiya 828 27.90 14.61 2.42 33.94

Chainpura 282 19.86 17.73 2.48 2.13

Bijori Pathak 571 22.42 31.35 1.58 20.84

Barkhera Bais 729 17.28 36.76 1.78 3.16

Kanjra 879 6.71 88.40 1.02 2.62

Kutri 577 19.24 65.68 0.00 2.08

Luhari 1778 22.50 37.68 7.71 5.06

Luharra 310 17.10 55.48 8.06 2.26

Majhguwan Patol 456 30.70 31.58 1.32 17.54

Ronda 387 25.84 11.11 3.36 2.33

Rusalli 672 24.55 24.55 6.85 5.06

Rewdha Kalan 403 4.47 0.25 0.00 9.18

Sojna 928 21.77 38.79 4.74 3.45

Shikarpura 368 19.57 38.32 0.00 2.45

Kheri Balgovind 226 7.08 55.31 3.98 17.70

Kodiya 292 25.00 34.93 0.00 0.68

Itwa Hiralal 628 20.22 4.30 0.32 1.43

Deolai 366 25.68 24.32 0.00 4.10

Rangir 294 6.46 45.92 0.68 17.35

Sita Nagar 1375 19.71 34.62 2.25 11.27

Simri Sitanagar 243 39.92 6.58 3.70 5.76

Madiya Sitanagar 448 13.39 77.90 1.79 3.79

Mankora 388 75.00 19.85 0.00 4.38


245

Bhaguwa 225 29.33 22.22 1.78 4.89

Padariya 281 22.06 4.27 19.93 8.54

Kusmad 258 46.51 29.46 5.43 2.71

Bhujpura 318 24.53 48.74 0.94 4.09

Chachaisemra 590 29.32 44.07 5.25 1.86


246

ANNEXURE 10: CPCB INDUSTRIAL GUIDELINE FOR OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION INDUSTRIES


247


248


249


250


251


252

Annexure 11: Biodiversity Index of Barikanoria RF

Sl

No Species Relative

Frequency

Relative

Abundance

Relative

Denisty

IVI

1. Pterocarpus marsupium 5.83 6 5.83 17.92

2. Terminalia tomentosa 5.00 5 5.00 15.36

3. Aegle marmelos 4.17 4 4.17 12.80

4. Butea monosperma 5.83 5 5.83 16.35

5. Lagerstroemia parviflora 17.50 9 17.50 44.38

6. Mitragyna parviflora 3.33 4 3.33 10.24

7. Acacaia catechu 14.17 11 14.17 39.72

8. Madhuca indica 9.17 5 9.17 23.24

9. Acacia nilotica 2.50 4 2.50 9.02

10. Diospyros melanoxylon 4.17 4 4.17 12.80

11. Feronia limonia 10.83 17 10.83 39.08

12. Schleichera oleosa 0.83 3 0.83 4.35

13. Acacia leucophloea 7.50 8 7.50 23.04

14. Cassia fistula 3.33 3 3.33 9.35

15. Gardenia turgida 2.50 4 2.50 9.02

16. Flacourtia indica 0.83 3 0.83 4.35 Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index ( H): 2.62


253

Annexure 12: Advertisement Copy of Public Hearing Notice


254

Annexure 13: Public Hearing Minutes of Meeting and Attendance Sheet of Participants

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255

Annexure 14: Accreditation Certificate of Monitoring Lab

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<i. 21)

No. 21)

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EXTRAORDINARY 'IT'! II~ 3-~-W1IS (ii)

PART II-Section 3-Sub-section (ii) IIlft1<ii" it \1<iiI~la

PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY

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MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS

NOTIFICATION

New Delhi, lhe 3rd January, 2014

S,O, 21 (E).-In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (b) of sub·section (I) of section 12 and section 13 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with rule 10 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby makes the following further amendments in the notification of th,e Government of India in the Ministry of Environmentand Forests, number S.D. 1174(E), dated the 18th July, 2007, namely:-

In the Table appended to the said notification,-

(a) for serial numbers 3, 46, 55, 57, 58, 61, 65, 68 and 69 and the entries relating thereto, the following serial numbers and entries shall be substituted, namely :-

(1) (2) (3) (4)

"3 Mis Bhagavati Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd., (I) Mr, Bhagavathi HaIj Babu Regd. Office and Central Laboratory (2) Mr. AV. Hanumantha 3.01.2014 Plot No. 7-2-C7 & 8/4, Industrial Rao to Estate Near Agromech Industries (3) Mr. V. RaghavachaIyulu 2.01. 2019 Santhnagar, Hyderabad - 500018 (Andhra Pradesh)

46 Mis Cosmo Conscious Research Laboratori' (I) Mr. G. Dhavaleshwar SURVEY HOUSE" # 121, 2nd Cross, Nehru (2) Sm!. V. Swamalatha 3.01.2014 Coiony,Bellary - 583103 (Karnataka) , . (3) Mr. K. Somasekhar Rao to

2.01. 2019

55 MIs Anacon Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., FP-34, 35 (I) Dr. (Ms.) SugandhaD. Food Park, 5 Star Industrial Estate, Butibori, Garway 3.01.2014 Nagpur. 441122 (Maharashlra) (2) Ms. Kavita Saygaoakar to

(3) Mr. Yogesh Dhoke 2.01.2019

57 Mis. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. Hyderabad (I) Mr,V. VijayKumar Waste Management Project, Survey No.684/l, (2) Mr.Madan Kumar D. Tiwari 3.01.2014 Dundigal (V), Qutabullapur (M) Rangareedy (3) Mr. K. Venkateswara Rao to District - 500 043 (Andhra Pradesh) 2.01.2019";

58 Mis. International Testing Centre, Plot No. 86, (I) Dr. Prakash kaur Industrial Area Phase-I, Panchkula-134109 (2) Mr. Prem Kumar 3.01.2014 (Hilly ana) (3) Ms. Poonam Sharma to

2.01.2019

61 Mis Mitra S.K. Private Ltd., (Behala (I) Mr. Sudip Mukhuty Laboratory) , 620, Diamond Harbour Road, (2) Ms. Sutapa Bhowmik 3.01.2014

, ;i

4 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY [PART II-SEC. 3(ii)]

Behala Industrial Estate, Tool Room No. 2/3, (3) Ms. Mouswni Sengupta to 2/4 & 2/S, Kolkata -700034 2.01. 2019 (West Bengal)

65 MIs Envirodesigns Eco Labs (I) Mr. K.L. Antony 3.01.2014 ECD Tower, Janatba In. Palarivattom. Kochi- (2) Ms. Susan Abraham to 682025 Kerala (3) Ms. Simi K.K. 2.01. 2019

68 Mis Scientific Research Laboratory (I) Dr. Jyotirmoy Majumdar "SHY AMALI APARTMENT" 90, Lake East (2) Sbri Kalyan Ghosh 3.01.2014 4th Road 'Santoshpur, Kolkata - 700075 (3) Ms. Purba Mukherjee to (West Bengal) 2.01. 2019

69 MIs Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., B- (I) Mr. Vishal Basawanni Sannakki 306/307, Plot No.61, Patel Estate, Reis Magos, (2) Mr. Vinayak Gangararn Kudkar 3.01.2014 verem, Alto, Old Betim Road, Bardez, (3) Ms. Swati Vaibhav More to Porvorim, Panaji - 4031 01 (Goa) 2.01.2019

(b) after serial number 113 and the entries relating thereto, the following serial numbers and entries shall be inserted, namely :-

(1) (2) (3) (4) "114 MIs Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Flat No.8, (I) Ms. Reena Tripathi

2nd Floor, ArifChamber - Y, Sector - H, Aliganj (2) Dr. Om Prakash Shukla . 3.01.2014 Lucknow - 226024 (Uttar Pradesh) (3) Mr.Praveen Kumar Dubey to

2.01.2019 115 MIs Team Labs m,td Consultants (I) Mr. Ambati Ravi Pavankumar

B-115 & 509, AnnapurnaBlock (2) Mr. S. Ramesh 3.01.2014 Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet (3) Mr. T. Ravi Kiran to Hyderabad - 500038 Andbra Pradesh 2.01. 2019

116 Mis TUV SUD South Asia Pvt. Ltd., C-153/1, (I) Mr. Pramod Kumar 3.01.2014 Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase-}, New Delhi - (2) Mr. Ajay Kumar Pramanik to 110020 (3) Mr. Vijayanand 2.01. 2019";

[F. No. Q.15018/23/2013-CPW]

Dr. RASHID HASAN, Advisor

Note.- The principal notification was published in the Gazette oflndia, Extraordinary vide number S.O. 1174 (E), dated the ISth July, 2007 and subsequently amended vide notification numbers S.O. 1539 (E), dated the 13th September, 2007, S.O.IS11(E), dated the 24th October, 2007, S.0.55(E), dated 9th January, 200S, S.0.428(E), dated the 4th March, 200S, S.0.865(E) dated the 11th April, 200S, S.O.IS94(E), dated the 31st July, 200S, S.0.272S(E) dated the 25th November, 2008, S.0.1356(E), dated the 27th May, 2009, S.0.1S02(E), dated the 22nd July, 2009, S.0.2399(E), dated the 18th Septel)lber, 2009, S.O. 3122(E), dated the 7th December, 2009, 8.0. 3123(E), dated the 7th December, 2009, S.0.Np.14~(E), dated the 21st January, 2010, 8.0.619(E), dated the 19th March, 2010, S.0.1662(E) dated the 13rd July, 2010, S.0.2390(E), dated the 30th September, 2010, S.0.2'904(E), dated the Sth December,201O, S.O.lSI(E), dated the 2Sth January, 2011, S.O. 692(E), dated the 5th April, 2011, S.0.1537(E), dated the 6th July, 2011, S.0.1754(E), dated the 2Sth July, 2011. 8.0.2609 (E) dated the 22nd November, 2011, S.0.264 (E), dated the 13 February, 2012, S.0.1150(E), dated the 22nd May, 2012, S.0.2039(E), dated the 5th September, 2012, S.O. 2S02(E) dated the 27th November, 2012, S.O. 2S50(E), dated the 7th December, 2012, 8.0.592 (E), dated the Sth March,2013, S.0.945(E), dated the Sth April, 2013,S.0.2287(E), dated the 27th July, 2013, S.0.22S8(E), dated the 27th July, 2013 and 8.0.3489(E) dated the 26th November, 2013.

Printed by the Manager, Government ofIndia Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri. New Delhi~ 11 0064 and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi·110054

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