open access – a funder’s perspective robert terry senior policy adviser the wellcome trust
TRANSCRIPT
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Open Access – a funder’s perspective
Robert Terry
Senior Policy Adviser
The Wellcome Trust
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The Wellcome Trust is an independent research-funding charity, established under the will of Sir Henry Wellcome in 1936. It is funded from a private endowment, which is managed for long-term stability and growth.
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Supports more than 5,000 researchersat 400 locations in 42 different countries
Funding major initiatives in public engagement with science and SciArt projects
The UK’s leading supporter of researchinto the History of Medicine
Planned expenditure in 2002/03 of c £500 million
One of the world’s largest medical research charities
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Wellcome Trust mission
To foster and promote research with the aim of improving human and animal health
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Human genome project
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The present
Clinical and Experimental Immunology
Journal of Immunology
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The small print
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The web has transformed access to research results
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……almost
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Funded by the Wellcome Trust
……and this is why it matters
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Why is open access important to the Trust?
Web developments have created a new publishing model - not fully realised whilst access mediated through subscriptions and bundle deals.
Consistent with genome sequence release/access position
Freely accessible dissemination of Trust-funded research is fundamental to our mission
We pay for the research but do not have easy access to the results
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Journals with> 30 papers1995 - 1999*
Commercial33%
Society43%
University Press24%
Elsevier 10%Portland Press 5%CUP 5%Blackwell 4% OUP 4% Nature 3%
Total Trust papers n=16,646 in 1292 journals*Source: ROD
Where do Trust-funded researchers publish?
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Background to the Trust’s statement
Trust working party literature review review of other initiatives and activities review of Government - OFT, Competition
Commission interviews with scientists, societies,
research councils SQW economic analysis
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SQW Economic analysis of scientific research publishing
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/scipubreport
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Major concerns
“excessive” profits: 35%+ margins
subscription charge increases: 200% in last ten years - pressure on library budgets, reduction in number of subscriptions
restrictive online access - the bundle deal
publisher retention of copyright
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The economic cycle of scientific publishing
Free
Publishers
LibrariesResearchers
Shareholders & Societies
Public funders & HEFCE
£ Profit
Free
£
£ £
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Why don’t researchersknow or care?
Free
Publishers
LibrariesResearchers
Shareholders & Societies
Public funders & HEFCE
£ Profit
Free
£
£ £
Wellcome Trust mission?
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Alternative model - open access
The copyright holder(s) must grant to the public a free, irrevocable, perpetual license to use, copy, distribute and make derivative works, in any medium for any purpose.
A digital copy must be deposited in an open public archival repository (for example US National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central).
(Bethesda meeting)
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What do authors like about current model? Hierarchy of journal quality
They know which are ‘best’ journals They don’t pay (page charges) Added value: e.g. news and views, press releases
Consequences of publication in ‘best’ journals Promotion Grants Prizes
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Why are ‘best’ journals ‘best’?
Turn down most submissions Provide added value (variable) USA (‘international’) marketing
Where is quality control? Referees (free) Editorial board (honorarium) Editorial staff (salaried)
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Funder initiatives Leadership - demonstrate engagement with
issues, join with other research funders, raise awareness in research community
Fund - cost of publication (marginal to research costs)
Copyright - encourage (and eventually enforce) author retention (involve publishers and IPR lawyers)
Repository - establish open access repositories Evaluation - recognise intrinsic value of content
of paper rather than title of journal
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Key to success Author choice New brands must emerge The fundamental principles of selection of
papers by open access journals are unaltered – i.e. peer review, editorial added value
The community must learn to value New titles The content of the publication
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Conclusions Access of results of publicly-funded research
available to all A number of parallel initiatives:
Principles of open accessTransition of old journalsNew journalsArchives
Open access can ensure the same standards of scholarship in publication as current models
The content matters – what has been discovered?
One size may not fit all areas of scholarship Funders have a key role to play
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The future?
More of the same? - unlikely
Increased use of repositories - likely
More support from funders? - very likely
e.g.Howard Hughes, Max Planck, CNRS,
WHO.....NIH(?)
Tipping point?
UK Parliament S&T Committee Inquiry