open access and the evolving scholarly communication environment
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Open Access and the Evolving Scholarly Communication Environment
Iryna KuchmaOpen Access Programme manager
OASCIR project final workshop, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, 17th of November 2011
www.eifl.netAttribution 3.0 Unported
Removing barriers to knowledge sharing
EIFL-OA: open access
EIFL-OAachievements
• 410+ OA repositories & 2,600+ OA journals in EIFL partner countries
• OA policies have been adopted by 24 institutions in the EIFL network
• 65 awareness raising, advocacy and capacity building events and workshops in 2003-2011 in 33 countries with participants from over 50 countries
Why OA?
“Restrictive access policies drastically reduces readership of electronic research journal articles. OA provides an environment within which literature and scholarly research articles are made freely accessible online without license restrictions and without charging users subscription or access fees…
Why OA? (2)
“OA is a vital means of dissemination of information which is crucial for national development and in achieving MDGs, given the crucial role that information plays in achieving social, economic, cultural and political development.”
Professor Frank Youngman, DVC, University of Botswana
Open access (OA)
OA for researchers: increased visibility, usage and impact for their work;
OA for research institutions: publicises institutes’ research strengths, providing maximum return on investment; complete record of the research output in easily accessible form, new tools to manage institution's impact;
OA (2)
OA for publishers: increased readership and citations, visibility and impact, the best possible dissemination service for research;
OA for libraries: partnerships with scientists and research managers to set up OA repositories, to curate research data and to develop OA policies, with scholarly publishers they publish OA journals and books, and with educators – produce OERs.
OA journals
Use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access.
Users can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the journal articles.
OA journals in Africa
Over 420 OA journals from Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria, Tunisia, Kenya, Morocco, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Libya, Ghana, Mauritius, Madagascar, Algeria, Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone and Sudan
58466 full text articles in African Journals OnLine
OA repositories
Contain research outputs
Institutional or thematic
Interoperable (OAI-PMH)
Commons metadata protocol allows web applications (text and data mining)
OA repositories
Visibility, access, and preservation were the most important motivations cited by participating institutions to establish a repository.
Other motivations included the need to evaluate researchers and departments, and as a response to requests from faculty.
(A survey “Open Repository Development in Developing and Transition
countries” conducted by EIFL and the University of Kansas Libraries)
OA repositories (2)
Publicize an institute’s research strengths, providing maximum return on research investment.
Provide an administrative tool for institutions.
OA repositories (3)
Increase impact and usage of institute's research, providing new contacts and research partnerships for authors.
Provide usage statistics showing global interest and value of institutional research.
Open access repositories (4)
FOSS to set up, free technical support.
Low installation and maintenance costs, quick to set up and gain benefits.
Institutions can mandate OA, speeding development.
U of K objectives
To provide modern educational and research environments that will enable students and researchers to face current challenges and to focus on knowledge as a principle driving force for development.
To reach international levels in standards, contents and practices while maintaining local values and culture.
U of K objectives (2)
To keep up with the development and the new innovations that occur in the different fields of knowledge as well as to take the initiatives in innovation and creativity.
To satisfy the increasing demand for excellence in higher education and to ensure the latest quality technology in all its outputs.
U of K objectives (3)
To promote libraries, laboratories and other teaching facilities to the latest technical standards and maintain their position as a place for interaction between the different components of the university.
To employ information and communication technology to improve University performance with respect to education, research, capacity building, and skills polishing.
OA advocacy
EIFL provided financial support to five projects in Africa: national and institutional open access advocacy campaigns to reach out to research communities in Botswana, Ghana, Malawi, Sudan and Zimbabwe
OA advocacy in Botswana Advocacy for Open Access to
Researchers/Deans/Graduate Students/Editors/Policy Makers/Educators/Library Professionals a project of Botswana Library Consortium and University of Botswana
OA advocacy in Ghana Open Access Institutional Repositories
Advocacy Campaign a project of the Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Ghana c/o Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partnership with Association of African Universities
OA advocacy in Ghana (2) “Africa cannot attain sustainable
development without access to knowledge and knowledge sharing,” stated professor Olugbemiro Jegede, Secretary General of the Association of African Universities at a recent workshop "Harnessing and Disseminating Research Information as a key to the Development of Knowledge-based Economies in Africa"
OA advocacy in Malawi Awareness Campaign for Kamuzu
College of Nursing Library / University of Malawi Research Repository, a project of Kamuzu College of Nursing Library / University of Malawi in partnership with the National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST)
OA advocacy in Sudan Open Access awareness-raising
campaign among researchers at the Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum (UofK) implemented by the Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum Library with the partner: GrandIR, CB, travel support provided by Carlos III University Madrid
OA advocacy in ZimbabweUniversity of Zimbabwe 2011 Open
Access Advocacy Campaign implemented by The University of Zimbabwe library.
Effective faculty based advocacy and trainings to research administrators.
ETDs will be OA, a task force has been created to define processes & advance operational issues related to OA Policy.
OA advocacy resultsOpen access policies (mandates) ensure
that research funded by institutions is made freely available.
Such policies have been adopted by Strathmore University in Kenya, Covenant University in Nigeria, University of Pretoria and University of Johannesburg in South Africa.
UP Open Scholarship Programme
1. Theses and dissertations are available online and OA based on a policy of mandatory submission
2. Research and conference papers are available online and OA and researchers actively contribute based on a policy of mandatory submission
3. Researchers and students actively use OA material
UP Open Scholarship Programme (2)
4. Researchers publish in available OA journals and the institution has policy and financial support in place for that5. Researchers actively manage the copyright of their publications, inter alia with addenda to their contracts or using Creative Commons contracts, and the necessary policy exists6. Publications from the institution's press/publishing house are available in OA based on policy
UP Open Scholarship Programme (3)
7. The institution publishes its own online OA journals OR provides infrastructure and support for members of its community who are involved with society publishing
8. Dissemination forms part of its publication strategies.
Open licenses
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) adopted a proposal for the institute to use an ‘open’ license for its published outputs. The aim is to encourage maximum uptake and re-use of ILRI’s research. Under this proposal, ILRI retains copyright over each output. It also explicitly encourages wide non-commercial re-use of each output, subject to full attribution of ILRI and the author(s), and use of an equally open license for any derivative output.
Setting up shared repositories
REPOSITÓRIO SABER: www.saber.ac.mz; 6 institutions:
Centro de Formação Jurídica e Judiciária
Instituto Superior de Ciências e Tecnologia de Moçambique
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
Universidade Pedagógica
Universidade Politécnica
Universidade São Tomás de Moçambique
Why OA?“Access to relevant and timely information is
critical to support the University’s mission of teaching, learning, research and the managerial functions of the University. Access to information is also an essential condition for the economic and social development of the country. Open access will enhance access to local content and this goal can only be achieved through collaborative efforts.” Professor Kamau Ngamau, Dean Faculty of Agriculture, JKUAT
Why OA? (2)“One of the key pillars of the University of
Botswana new strategic plan “Strategy for excellence” is “Research Intensification”. OA will help the University of Botswana, Government, and research institutions to achieve this pillar by ensuring online accessibility to public funded research output that can be freely shared by everyone, enhance research quality, and improve visibility of the institution and the nation globally. ” Prof. Frank
Youngman, DVC, University of Botswana
Is OA on the agenda at the AU?
Is the issue of Open Access to information through libraries part of business for the African Union (AU) when it comes to assessing countries’ performance under the African Peer Review Mechanisms (APRM)?
(Matseliso M. (Tseli) Moshoeshoe-Chadzingwa, National University of
Lesotho, EIFL country coordinator in Lesotho and EIFL Advisory
Board member)
UNESCO-ASSAf-EIFL OA workshop
Recommendations:
Capacity building: OA publishing and OA repositories, copyright management
Advocacy campaigns for regulatory policy frameworks – Require open access to publicly funded research – explore possibilities of OA mandates
CODIST II
“OA technologies could benefit Africa” (pre-event of the Second Session of the Committee on Development Information (CODIST II): the workshop “Promoting Innovation Development and Diffusion in Africa through OA Publishing”, in May 2011 at the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA).
Delegates examined ways to improve knowledge sharing in Africa and to remove existing barriers.
CODIST II (2)
Participants recommended that Member States should adopt appropriate OA policies and that the ECA should take the leadership in these activities.“OA is a new way of publishing and of sharing information in the 21st century. Everyone has a role to play in knowledge development and content sharing and everyone can make an impact”, said Irene Onyancha, ECA’s Chief Librarian.
The SOAP survey
11 EIFL partner countries: Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, Thailand and Ukraine
About 86% of researchers are convinced that OA publishing is beneficial to their research field directly improving the way scientific community work and providing the benefits outside the scientific community – public good benefits.
The SOAP survey (2)
About 63% of researchers published OA articles.
Top five factors when making choices about publishing in a journal: prestige (prestige/perceived quality of the journal), journal impact factor, speed of publication of the journal, importance for career (importance of the journal for academic promotion, tenure or assessment), and relevance of the journal for the community.
The SOAP survey (3)
Publicly funded research should be made available to be read and used without access barriers (n=3875)
S t r o n g ly a g r e e
A g r e e
N e it h e r a g r e e n o r d is a g r e e
D is a g r e e
S t r o n g ly d is a g r e e
The SOAP survey (4)
OA articles are likely to be read and cited more often than those not OA (n=3882)
S t r o n g l y a g r e e
A g r e e
N e i t h e r a g r e e n o r d i s a g r e e
D i s a g r e e
S t r o n g l y d i s a g r e e
The SOAP survey (5)
OA publishing is more cost-effective than subscription-based publishing and so will benefit public investment in research (n=3871)
S t r o n g l y a g r e e
A g r e e
N e i t h e r a g r e e n o r d i s a g r e e
D i s a g r e e
S t r o n g l y d i s a g r e e
The SOAP survey (6)
Researchers should retain the rights to their published work and allow it to be used by others (n=3872)
S t r o n g l y a g r e e
A g r e e
N e i t h e r a g r e e n o r d i s a g r e e
D i s a g r e e
S t r o n g l y d i s a g r e e
What researchers can do to promote OA?
Submit your research articles to OA journals, when there are appropriate OA journals in your field.
Deposit your postprints in an OA repository.
Deposit your data files in an OA repository along with the articles built on them.
When asked to referee a paper or serve on the editorial board for an OA journal, accept the invitation.
What researchers can do to promote OA? (2)
If you are an editor of a toll-access journal, then start a discussion about converting to OA.
Volunteer to serve on your university’s committee to evaluate faculty for promotion and tenure. Adjust the criteria to give faculty an incentive to provide OA to their peer-reviewed research articles, either through OAs journals or OA repositories.
What researchers can do to promote OA? (3)
Work with your professional societies to make sure they understand OA.
Write opinion pieces (articles, journal editorials, newspapers op-eds, letters to the editor, discussion forum postings) advancing the cause of OA.
Educate the next generation of scientists and scholars about OA.
(From What you can do to promote open access written by Peter Suber http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/do.htm)
What research managers can do to promote OA?
Introduce OA polices.
Transform the TA journals into OA journals.
Set-up OA repositories.
Spread a word about OA.
What libraries can do to promote OA?
Set-up OA repositories.
Help researchers and students to self-archive.
Help to publish OA journals and create open educational resources.
Help in OA data curation and sharing.
Spread a word about OA.
