Open access for researchers, research managers and libraries

Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access program manager, eIFL.netPresented at “Open Access: Maximising Research Quality and

Impact” workshop, July 22 2009, Kathmandu, Nepal

Why Open Access (OA)?

Why OA 2?

eIFL.net

4 000 libraries in 46 countries

Nepal

eIFL.net programs

1. Open access

2. Advocacy for access to knowledge: copyright and libraries

3. Promoting free and open source software for libraries

eIFL.net programs 2

4. 1+1=More and better. The benefits of library consortia

5. Promoting a culture of cooperation: knowledge and information sharing

6. Advocating for affordable and fair access to

commercially produced scholarly resources

eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries to maximize access to

knowledge via libraries for education, research and

the public through fair and balanced copyright laws

that take into account the needs of their users

to raise awareness of libraries

and copyright, and to empower the eIFL.net community to become

advocates and proponents of fair access for all

eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 2Highlights from 2008:

eIFL.net staff with coordinators from South Africa, Ukraine and Zambia

provided national copyright information for the WIPO commissioned study

on library copyright exceptions and limitations covering 149 countries

eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 3Highlights from 2008 continued:

eIFL.net and the European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations (EBLIDA) agreed to cooperate on copyright and European bi-lateral trade agreements

Responded to European Commission Green Paper consultation on Copyright in the

Knowledge Economy

eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 4Highlights from 2008 continued:

Held first annual eIFL-IP global conference, attended by over 40 countries

Joint eIFL/IFLA/EBLIDA conference on copyright and libraries with 50+ librarians from Moldova and

region plus policymakers

First self-organised seminar by regional eIFL-IP representatives in Zambia

eIFL-FOSSSuccess of the Greenstone pilot

in Southern Africa, leading to the SA Greenstone

Support Network

Launch of Integrated Library Systems (ILS) project

UNESCO award for a Linux Thin

Server Project How To Guide from Birzeit University to help libraries extend or maximize

the usefulness of old computers

Negotiations eIFL.net is advocating for affordable access

to commercially produced electronic journals and

databases through collective negotiations with publishers

and aggregators

negotiation activity includes not only obtaining affordable

prices, but also establishing fair terms and conditions for

access to those resources by library users in developing and

transitional countries

Consortium building eIFL.net assists the countries

in the building of sustainable national

library consortia

a wide range of activities underpins this goal

including: training events, national and regional

workshops and meetings, individual country visits,

grants, manuals, web resources

eIFL Open Access

eIFL Open Access 2Focus for 2009/10:

Open access policies to be adopted by research

funding agencies, universities and research organisations in eIFL.net

countries

Sustainability of open repositories within the eIFL

region

eIFL Open Access 3Open Access Week, 19-23 October

2009

Advocacy materials for eIFL.net countries

Turning pilot repositories into strong operational tools (open access resources create value through the impact they have on users)

Watching briefs on open access to data and open educational

resources

eIFL Open Access 4Evaluation of Institutional Repository Development in Developing and Transition

Countries – a cooperative program between eIFL.net, the University of Kansas Libraries, the DRIVER project

and Key Perspectives Ltd

case studies on institutional repositories from eIFL countries

a report on the implementation of open content licenses in developing and transition

countries

What do scientists want?

What do scientists want? http://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/blogs/

murrayrust/?p=1502

Story #1 : arXiv.org

Open Access Impact

Open access brings more rapid and more efficient progress for scholarly research

http://arxiv.org/ “Brody has looked at the pattern of citations

to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between

when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data

for each year from 1991.”– Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the

American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/

Open Access Impact 2“As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the repository,

the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking

dramatically, year upon year”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072.

http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have

it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/

Open Access Impact 3“This is important

for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research,

where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication, the research cycle is accelerating”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072.

http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have

it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/

Open Access Impact 4“The research cycle in high energy physics

is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability

of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly”

– Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072.

http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have

it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/

Story #2: research articleby cogdogblog http://www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/1635259272/

Uploaded by Paul L McCord Jr http://www.flickr.com/photos/plmccordj/2210724072/ and http://www.flickr.com/photos/plmccordj/2209930435/in/

photostream/

Scholarly communication

Science is dynamic and collaborative and it is important to sustain the communication

processes, rather than simply archiving

research results in the form of a single journal

article

Open education

Open Access“It is important to stress here

that publishing is a fundamental part of the process of doing science.

Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money — like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time —

but I am writing for fame: I want everyone to read what I write…

For that reason we volunteer our services, and we don’t get paid.

That is what makes Open Access a powerful concept for scientists.”

The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published

on June 5th 2006 http://poynder.blogspot.com/2006/06/interview-with-harold-varmus.html

Helicopter flight by phault http://www.flickr.com/photos/pjh/171451412/

2 complementary strategies: Gold

by Vitó http://www.flickr.com/photos/janeladeimagens/192943825/

www.doaj.org

www.doaj.org

www.doaj.org

First Monday (Thank you Edward J. Valauskas!)

Contributions to First Monday have routinely been expanded

into book formby their authors

after initial publication in First Monday

Here are a few examples:

"The social life of documents"by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid

First Monday, volume 1, number 1 (May 1996)was expanded into the book entitled

The social life of informationBoston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000.

(reprinted by Harvard Business School Press in 2002 and 2006; Dutch translation "De waarde van informatie" published in 2000; Chinese translation "Zi xun ge ming le shen me?" in 2001; Korean translation "Bit`u eso ingan uro" in 2001; Portuguese

translation "A vida social da informação" in 2001; Spanish translation "La vida social de la información" in 2001; Turkish translation "Enformasyonun sosyal yasami" in

2001; Japanese translation "Naze aiti wa shakai o kaenainoka" in 2002).

Here are a few examples:

"Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education"

by David F. NobleFirst Monday, volume 3, number 1 (January 1998)

was expanded into the book entitledDigital diploma mills: The automation of higher education

New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.(reprinted 2002 with new afterward by the author)

Here are a few examples:

"The cathedral and the bazaar"by Eric S. Raymond

First Monday, volume 3, number 3 (March 1998)was expanded into the book entitled

The cathedral and the bazaarCambridge, Mass.: O'Reilly, 1999.

(Revised edition 2001)

First Monday has cooperated with MIT Press

in publishing excerpts from new

books in the virtual pages of the journal

Here are a few examples:- Information ecologies: Using technology with heart by Bonnie A Nardi

and Vicki O'DayCambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 1999.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 4, number 5 (May 1999)

- Change of state: Information, policy and power by Sandra BramanCambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

- Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design by Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie Nardi

Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

First Monday Content from First Monday

has re-appeared in a variety of newspapers,magazines, and journals around the world:

Business Week, Los Angeles Times, New York Times,

Scientific American, Washington Post,

and Wired, among others

https://wiki.library.jhu.edu/display/epubs/Home?showChildren=false

2 complementary strategies - Green

by Jim Frazier http://www.flickr.com/photos/jimfrazier/140042827/

http://www.opendoar.org/

http://roar.eprints.org/

Open repositoriesA digital repository is defined as

containing research output

institutional or thematic

and OAI compliant

(http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html) (From The European Repository Landscape Inventory Study into the Present Type and Level of OAI-Compliant Digital Repository Activities in the EU

by Maurits van der Graaf and Kwame van Eijndhoven)

ContentPeer-reviewed articles

Conference presentationsBooks

Course packsAnnotated images

Audio and video clipsResearch data

ContentGray literature:

Preprints / working materials / theses and dissertations / reports / conference materials / bulletins /

grant applications / reports to the donors / memorandums / statistical reports /

technical documentation / questionnaires…

http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Disciplinary_repositories

http://search3.driver.research-infrastructures.eu/webInterface/simpleSearch.do;jsessionid=30E69E7F5FDBD7BB9CB5AC829852074B?action=load

OA for studentsMoving from print to electronic

– usage growth 145%

The most popular theses and dissertations were downloaded 37,501 times (history )

and 33,752 times (engineering); history one was published and was a long seller

(John Hagen, West Virginia University)

OA for students 269% of students

from the creative writing department had more successful careers

if they went OA with their dissertations – a good marketing tool for them

(John Hagen, West Virginia University)

http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

The Repository has made a splash page, with previews and usage stats (Example from EPrints at University of Southampton)

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

The repository has made a bibliography for you …(Example from DSpace at Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium)

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

…maybe personalised it with other information about you… (Example from DSpace at University of Chicago, Illinois)

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

…set up a mailing list for you…Example from Digital Commons at Cal Poly

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

Automatically updated your research group web pages (Example from IAM web site at University of Southampton, UK)

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

Less Administration: Management will use the information for the admin forms you would otherwise have to complete

Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint

Update your Teaching Pages

Why open repositories?

Opening up the outputs of the institution to the world

Maximizing the visibility and impact of these outputs

Showcasing the quality of the research in the institution

Why open repositories?

Collecting and curating the digital outputs of the institution

Managing and measuring research and teaching activities

Providing a workspace for work-in-progress and for collaborative and large-scale projects

Why open repositories? Enabling and encouraging

interdisciplinary approaches to research

Facilitating the development and sharing of digital teaching materials and aids

Supporting student endeavours, providing access to theses and dissertations

and a location for the development of e-portfolios

Why open repositories? Institutional and national level

research assessment and research management, bringing together research expertise

across the institution and country

Information rich collaboration, effective decision-making

and successful research activity

Improved governmental policy and public health care outcomes

The Power of Open AccessThere are considerable

economic, social and educational benefits to making research and other outputs available

without financial, legal and technical barriers to access

OA mandates

http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/transformational-times.pdf

Common Themes“Libraries need to change their practices

for managing traditional content and develop new capabilities

for dealing with digital materials of all types, but especially new forms of scholarship,

teaching and learning resources, special collections

(particularly hidden collections), and research data.”

Common Themes 2

“Content industries inevitably seek to extend control over the

copyright regime and over content, in general, while libraries, authors, and research

institutions endeavor to provide more access to and active management

of the intellectual assets produced by the academy.”

Common Themes 3

“Radical reconfiguration of research library organizations and services is needed

coupled with an increasingly diverse and talented staff

to provide needed leadership and technical skills

to respond to the rapidly changing environment.”

Common Themes 4

“New relationships must be formed with library users

to support rapid shifts in research and teaching practices.”

Trends in Scholarly CommunicationTransformations in scholarly communication

practices are driving development and re-engineering of library services:

• Libraries are moving into new service areas like publishing support and repository services.

Repository services are moving beyond pre-print and post-print dissemination to include a wide

range of content types, clients, and service needs.

Trends in Scholarly Communication

Library services increasingly are developed

in collaboration with other units on campus and with partners at other institutions.

Trends in Scholarly Communication

“the economic situation could be favourable

to the further development of open access publishing”

Trends in Scholarly Communication“Open Access publication mandates

may well be adopted by the funding councils

Data preservation will also likely be more widely mandated.

Systematic enforcement of the mandates will depend on the development

of appropriate repositories, whether disciplinary or institutional.”

OA & libraries

OA has permanently changed

the field of scholarly communication

OA & libraries 2

OA has changed the profile of academic and research libraries– more and more they have become partners

in research, data-curation and education, ensuring the quality of digital resources is maintained, and openly sharing these

resources with their users

OA & libraries 3

Academic and research libraries are also developing

advanced and enhanced metrics – a new range of standardized indicators based

on reader (rather than author-facing) metrics

and much more still remains to be explored

Map of science

Changing landscapeIn this changing environment for scholarly communication

academic and research libraries need to be

agile, creative,

risk-taking and innovative

in order to respond to the needs of a new generation of faculty and students

Changing landscape 2Science is dynamic and collaborative and it is important

to sustain the communication processes, rather than to simply archive research results

in the form of a single journal article

Changing landscape 3Librarians and information specialists

need to be involved in the early planning and data-modelling phases

of research in order to accelerate learning

and discovery, and libraries will need

to become core collaborators on campus, using technology

to advance scholarly communication and enable a climate of openness

http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/repository-services-report.pdf

Next steps – researchers and students

Publish articles in OA journals

Self-archive in open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – researcher managersIntroduce OA polices

Transform the journals into OA journals

Set-up open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – librariesSet-up open repositories

Help researchers and students to self-archive

Help to publish OA journals and create open educational resources

Next steps – libraries 2

Help in data curation and sharing

Spread a word about OA

Thank you!Questions?

Iryna Kuchmairyna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www.eifl.net

The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License