open science - overview part 1: scholarly communication today

Open Science,Open Access, Open

Data

Elena GigliaUfficio Accesso aperto – editoria elettronica

Università di Torino Quest'opera è distribuita con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 Internazionale.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/





Agenda

Open AccessPOLICIES

Ope

n Da

ta

Vant

aggi

Serv

izi

DepositoPubblicazione

Open ScienceComunicazione scientifica

Cit. da B.Brembs, Making Open the default, Nov 2015

http://www.slideshare.net/brembs/making-open-the-default

http://www.slideshare.net/brembs/making-open-the-default

Comunicazione scientifica?

Comunicazione scientifica è …

E.Giglia, Open Access, ovvero... Aviano 23 settembre 2015

VALUTAZIONE DELLA RICERCA

Nuovi modelli(e loro sostenibilità)

Costi(reali e di mercato – «anelastico»)

Economia(e profitti)

Tecnologia

CONSERVAZIONEAccessoGESTIONE DEI

DIRITTI(autori, lettori,

editori)

Canali(monografie, riviste…)

Produzione

DefinizioniScholarly communication is the process of academics, scholars and researchers sharing and publishing their research findings so that they are available to the wider academic community (such as university academics) and beyond [Wikipedia]

Scholarly communications is the creation, transformation, dissemination and preservation of knowledge related to teaching, research and scholarly endeavors [Wikipedia]

[It’s] a metaphorical conversation […] for scholarship exists only as it is shared and circulated, only as it is open to new and diverging voices [J.Willinski, The access principle, MIT 2005 e 2009]

La comunicazione scientifica è un processo

Open Access nel ciclo della comunicazione scientifica

interesse/obiettivo/

ipotesi ipotesi da verificare/

vuoto da colmare

revisione della letteratura

raccolta dati/analisi/sintesi

produzione[PEER REVIEW]

disseminazione

lettura

Il meccanismo nelle riviste

Submission

Peer review

Acceptance/rejection

Publication

Non c’è compensoeconomico

Ritorno atteso:

reputazione, citazioni

Parliamo di soldihttps://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/annual-reports

http://www.springer.com/gp/about-springer/company-information

http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-370237.html

https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/annual-reports

https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/annual-reports





Parliamo di soldi / 2

http://www.journalprices.com/



…anche solo di fronte a questo, forse

occorre ritrovare maggiore equilibrio nella comunicazione

scientifica

[Impact Factor]

Comunicazione scientifica: le funzioni

Rosendaal H. –Geurts P. Forces and functions in scientific communication:an analysis of their interplay, CRISP 1997

JOURNAL

REGISTRATION

CERTIFICATION

AWARENESSARCHIVING

REWARD

http://www.physik.uni-oldenburg.de/conferences/crisp97/roosendaal.html



Gli attori Editori

Valutatori

Finanziatori Lettori

Ricercatori[autori e lettori]

WebBiblioteche

ISI (Impact Factor)=Thomson Reuters

Il contestoKnowledge economy

Informazione è strategica

Academic social networks

Data-intensive science

Comunicazione scientifica: le funzionihttp://www.ssrn.com/en/

REGISTRATION

NON SOLO SU RIVISTA

http://biorxiv.org/

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6288/899.full

http://www.ssrn.com/en/

http://www.ssrn.com/en/

http://biorxiv.org/

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6288/899.full


https://github.com/ REGISTRATION

http://figshare.com/

https://zenodo.org/

NON SOLO ARTICOLI

http://www.myexperiment.org/home

https://github.com/

https://github.com/



https://zenodo.org/

https://zenodo.org/

http://www.myexperiment.org/home


REGISTRATION

SU RIVISTE INNOVATIVEPER FORMA


REGISTRATION

SU RIVISTE INNOVATIVE

PER CONTENUTO

https://www.scienceopen.com/

https://www.scienceopen.com/


REGISTRATION

SU RIVISTE INNOVATIVE

PER PROCESSO


AWARENESSARCHIVING

CERTIFICATION

https://publons.com/

https://www.peerageofscience.org/

Tweets can predict highly cited articles within the first 3 days of article publication. Social media activity either increases citations or reflects the underlying qualities of the article that also predict citations […]

G. Eysenbach, Can Tweets Predict Citations? Metrics of Social Impact Based on Twitter and Correlation with Traditional Metrics of Scientific Impact, J Med Internet Res 2011;13(4):e123

https://opennessinitiative.org/

http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/10/22/029629

REWARDhttps://impactstory.org/

http://www.altmetric.com/

https://icite.od.nih.gov/





http://www.jmir.org/2011/4/e123/

http://www.jmir.org/2011/4/e123/

https://opennessinitiative.org/



https://impactstory.org/

https://impactstory.org/





Contorni più sfumati…

http://figshare.com/articles/101_Innovations_in_Scholarly_Communication_the_Changing_Research_Workflow/1286826

https://101innovations.wordpress.com/

http://figshare.com/articles/101_Innovations_in_Scholarly_Communication_the_Changing_Research_Workflow/1286826

Contorni più sfumati / 2…Kramer, Bianca (2016), Defining the scholarly Commons. Reimagining research communications. Workshop notes and visualizations, Feb. 2016

http://variable.io/force11/futurecommons/

Andiamo un po’ più in profondità…

Comunicazione scientifica, ovvero… un approccio Zen?Scholarly communication isdistributed process of knowledge creation

that requires a great conversation. Much of scientific work is made up of collaboration rather than competition. Science

exhibits the nature of networks, not that of Olympic games. Concern of quality has been

replaced by an obsession for competition

Imagine writing the history of print from the perspective of the scriptoria…1) What will it be like? The question can be framed in two ways:

The first is the scriptorium way: how to adapt the present to the (yet unknown) future.Open Access debate has followed this path.

The second way, more fundamentally, strongly foregrounds the notion of “scientific communication”: WHAT DOES IT NEED TO WORK BEST?

- a set of useful, credible, peers;- “crystals” of knowledge

2) Who will control it?

SKILLS AND SERVICES NEEDED FOR THE GREAT CONVERSATION SHOULD SERVE ITS OBJECTIVES, NOT THE REVERSE.

Stern, Niels, Guédon, Jean-Claude; Jensten, Thomas Wiben (2015). Crystals of Knowledge Production. An Intercontinental Conversation about Open Science and the Humanities. “Nordic Perspectives on Open Science”, [S.l.], v. 1, p. 1–24, oct. 2015

http://nopos.eu/index.php/nopos/article/view/3619/3454

http://nopos.eu/index.php/nopos/article/view/3619/3454

Comunicaizone scientifica, ovvero…

Comunicazione scientifica oggi, ovvero…

http://bjoern.brembs.net/ http://www.slideshare.net/brembs

http://bjoern.brembs.net/

http://bjoern.brembs.net/

http://www.slideshare.net/brembs

http://www.slideshare.net/brembs

… i servizi a valore aggiunto?

… spesso,servizi preistorici

… la rapidità di pubblicazione?

Bjork – Solomon, The publishing delay in scholarly peer-reviewed journals, Journal of Informetrics (2013) 7, 4, 914–923

Tempi medi di pubblicazione su rivista per disciplina

… da 9 a 18 mesi…

doi:10.1016/j.joi.2013.09.001

E l’efficacia?

ARL Statistics

+402%

4. diritti riuso3. abbonamento2. finanziamento1. stipendio

1. stipendio1. stipendio

1. stipendioIl paradosso

tagli ai budget=minore possibilità

• di leggere• di essere letti







Elsevier: +38%

Free for all, 4 may 2013

… nell’era del web in cui tutto è disponibile…

http://www.arl.org/stats/annualsurveys/arlstats/arlstats11.shtml

http://www.arl.org/stats/annualsurveys/arlstats/arlstats11.shtml

http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21577035-open-access-scientific-publishing-gaining-ground-free-all







… pagare gli editori commerciali perché mettano sotto chiave il nostro contenuto…

Efficacia ovvero…

Efficacia …

http://arstechnica.co.uk/science/2016/06/what-is-open-access-free-sharing-of-all-human-knowledge/



… e la garanzia della peer review?

http://retractionwatch.com/ FC. Fang, A. Casadevall, Retracted Science and the Retraction Index, Infection and Immunity, 2011; 79(10): 3855–3859

http://retractionwatch.com/

http://retractionwatch.com/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187237/

… e la garanzia della peer review? / 2

FC. Fang et al., Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications,PNAS, 2012, 109 (42), pp. 17028-17033

fra il 2000 e il 2010 stimati 80.000 pazienti in clinical trials su studi

poi ritrattatiR. Steen, Misinformation in the medical literature: What role do error and fraud play?, J Med Ethics 2011;37:498-503

http://andrewgelman.com/2016/06/01/the-natural-selection-of-bad-science/

http://www.pnas.org/content/109/42/17028

http://jme.bmj.com/content/37/8/498.long



… e il prestigio dell’Impact Factor? / 1

cIF anno X =

citazioni nell’anno Xad articoli usciti in anni X-1 e X-2

totale articoli «citabili»pubblicati negli anni X-1 e X-2

M .Falagas, V.Alexiou V The top-ten in journal impact factor manipulation. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 2008, 56: 223–226


The PLoS Medicine Editors (2006) The Impact Factor Game. PLoS Med 3(6): e291

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00005-008-0024-5

http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030291

Brembs, Digital Scholarship and Open Science need a digital infrastructure , Nov. 2015


http://www.slideshare.net/brembs/digital-scholarship-and-open-science-need-a-digital-infrastructure

Times Higher Education, 5 Nov 2015


https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/journal-impact-factors-no-longer-credible




Verità > pubblicabilità

The solution requires making incentives for

“getting it right” competitive with the incentives

for “getting it published”.

BA. Nosek et al. Scientific Utopia: II. Restructuring Incentives and Practices to Promote Truth Over Publishability, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2012, 7: 615- 631

http://pps.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/1745691612459058

















Riproducibilità in crisi / 1

http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h4320

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62227-8

doi:10.1038/nature.2015.17694



http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62227-8

doi:10.1038/nature.2015.17694


https://osf.io/ezcuj/wiki/home/




http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002333



Riproducibilità in crisi? / doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62227-8

• scienza è approssimarsi alla verità, NON pubblicare risultati eclatanti (e magari falsi)

• oggi replicabilità tende a zero• la medicina rischia di distruggere la civiltà se le spese per una

sanità inefficiente basata su nessuna o limitata o gonfiata prova scientifica continuano a salire…

• sono essenziali esperimenti su reale efficacia/benefici

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62227-8

Proviamo a cambiare prospettiva

Vittime o carnefici?http://cameronneylon.net/blog/researcher-as-victim-researcher-as-predator/

http://cameronneylon.net/blog/researcher-as-victim-researcher-as-predator/

http://cameronneylon.net/blog/researcher-as-victim-researcher-as-predator/

Competizione o collaborazione?

http://blog.scienceopen.com/2016/04/how-can-academia-kick-its-addiction-to-the-impact-factor/

https://royalsociety.org/events/2015/04/future-of-scholarly-scientific-communication-part-1/

https://figshare.com/articles/Excellence_R_Us_University_Research_and_the_Fetishisation_of_Excellence/3413821/1








Un altro modo di valutare

Un altro modo di valutare / 2

http://www.nature.com/news/bibliometrics-the-leiden-manifesto-for-research-metrics-1.17351 http://www.ascb.org/dora/

http://blog.scienceopen.com/2016/02/the-open-citation-index/ http://sparceurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Evaluate-SEBriefingPaper-1215.pdf

http://www.nature.com/news/bibliometrics-the-leiden-manifesto-for-research-metrics-1.17351



http://www.ascb.org/dora/

http://www.ascb.org/dora/

http://blog.scienceopen.com/2016/02/the-open-citation-index/

http://sparceurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Evaluate-SEBriefingPaper-1215.pdf

Un altro modo di valutare / 3

https://purl.stanford.edu/jr256tk1194



Un altro modo di produrre https://www.force11.org/about/manifesto

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/02/08/challenging-the-print-paradigm-web-powered-scholarship/

https://www.force11.org/about/manifesto

https://www.force11.org/about/manifesto



Un altro mercato

http://www.sjscience.org/article?id=46



Ineccellenzahttp://btfp.sp.unipi.it/2016/05/ineccellenza/

http://btfp.sp.unipi.it/2016/05/ineccellenza/

http://btfp.sp.unipi.it/2016/05/ineccellenza/

Una soluzione pirata

http://bigthink.com/natalie-shoemaker/sci-hub-has-changed-how-we-access-knowledge

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone





Un nuovo padrone

http://goo.gl/BR0pON

http://goo.gl/HxFYgg

https://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/

http://goo.gl/BR0pON





Bibliodiversity https://www.openlibhums.org/

https://www.openedition.org/

http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/

https://www.openlibhums.org/

https://www.openedition.org/



Una nuova sostenibilità

Dubbi…

https://www.coar-repositories.org/news-media/coar-and-unesco-joint-statement-about-open-access/



Alternative…

http://bjoern.brembs.net/2016/05/why-havent-we-already-canceled-all-subscriptions/



Oppure…

…perché non fare il contrario?Tutto è aperto e gratuito,

se vuoi tenere chiuso/usare vecchi canali, allora paghi

… a fra poco

open science - overview part 1: scholarly communication today

Presentations & Public Speaking