OPEN STACK CLOUD SERVICES

Saurabh Gupta

PRESENTATION GOALS

OPEN, CLOUD, HYPERVISOR

OPEN STACK

COMPARISONS, COMMERCIALIZATION CHECK OF OSS

OPEN SOURCE Wikipedia - In production and development,

open source is a philosophy, or pragmatic methodology that promotes free redistribution and access to an end product's design and implementation details. Before the phrase open source became widely adopted, developers and producers used a variety of phrases to describe the concept; open source gained hold with the rise of the Internet, and the attendant need for massive retooling of the computing source code.

WHAT IS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE? Open source software is software that

is subject to an open source license. An open source licensor must give the

licensee certain rights to be considered open source

Basically, the licensee has the right to use, modify or distribute the software, and the right to access the source code.

KEY OPEN SOURCE POINTS

• Source code must be made available.

Free Redistribu

tion• The recipient

must be allowed to make derivative works

Derivate Work

• The license must be technology neutral - no discrimination against systems

Neutral

OPEN LICENSE TYPESThe GPL, or General Public License• By far the most popular• No warranty - Disclaimer required• Any work based on the original OSS program must be

licensed as a whole, at no charge to all third parties, and under the terms of the GPL

The Berkeley Software Distribution license (BSD)• Like GPL, except that derivative works can be kept

proprietary

Mozilla/corporate licenses• More expertly drafted• Serve as a model for later commercial licenses• Different provisions on relicensing• No copyleft

CLOUD Cloud computing is the

delivery of computing and storage capacity as a service to a community of end-recipients. The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol as an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computing entrusts services with a user's data, software and computation over a network.

MAIN FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

CLOUD COMPUTI

NG

On-demand

self-service 

Broad networ

k access 

Measured

Service 

Rapid elastici

ty 

Resource

pooling 

CLOUD SERVICESInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS)• The capability provided to the consumer is to provision

processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications

• Examples of IaaS include: Amazon Cloud Formation, Google Compute Engine, and RightScale.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)• The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy

onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider.

• Examples of PaaS include: Amazon Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine, and Microsoft Azure.

Software as a Service (SaaS)• The capability provided to the consumer is to

use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure.

• Examples of SaaS include: Google Apps, Quickbooks Online and Salesforce.com.

CLOUD COMPUTING DEPLOYMENT

• The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.

PRIVATE CLOUD

• The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.

PUBLIC CLOUD

• The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability

HYBRID CLOUD

WHAT DO YOU WANT IN IAAS? Ease of use Fault tolerance Low-cost of entry/maintenance Performance Ease of expansion API provisioning Compatibility with other platforms Agility / Fast provisioning

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF IAAS Storage VM Image management Self service / Web interface Networking Fault tolerance User management API / Hybrid Cloud Readiness Installation / Maintenance

WHY NOT COMMERCIAL CLOUD SERVICES? Technology Lockin - One of the concerns for Software Architects while

building applications for cloud is the technology lock-in. For example a .NET application built for Microsoft Azure services would not be compatible with Amazon AWS and vice versa.  Also cloud applications designed for Microsoft Azure & Amazon AWS are not directly portable on premise environments. Basically applications designed for AWS & Azure are locked in with the provider and you need to spend good amount of re-engineering efforts to move them out.

Development Costs – If you are planning to develop applications/services for commercial platforms then you need to have knowledge of their proprietary SDKs etc. Hence development time goes up and costs are further increased.

Licensing Costs – Due to the nature of proprietary technology, the cost of licensing tend to be higher.

Small Development Community – As the cost of development is higher, small vendors tend to shy away from the development resulting in small development community.

Compatibility – Commercial vendors usually try to create compatibility within small group of hardware and software vendors. This may result in hardware and software compatibility issues for customers.

IS OPEN SOURCE THE WAY?

It’s based on open source and open standards. Hence code portability to the users. Developers can use existing python, perl or GEMs to port their applications to Cloud.Low development cost as no upfront cost of licenses/knowledge upgrade.

Negligible licensing cost as it is based on Open Source standards.Global development communityHigh level of compatibilities

TYPICAL CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE

HYPERVISOR A hypervisor, also called virtual machine

manager (VMM), is one of many hardware virtualization techniques allowing multiple operating systems, termed guests, to run concurrently on a host computer. It is so named because it is conceptually one level higher than a supervisory program. The hypervisor presents to the guest operating systems a virtual operating platform and manages the execution of the guest operating systems. Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share the virtualized hardware resources. Hypervisors are very commonly installed on server hardware, with the function of running guest operating systems, that themselves act as servers.

Source: wikipedia.org

OPEN STACK The project aims to deliver solutions for all types of clouds by being

simple to implement, massively scalable, and feature rich. The technology consists of a series of interrelated projects delivering various components for a cloud infrastructure solution.

Who's behind OpenStack? Founded by Rackspace Hosting and NASA, OpenStack has grown to be a global software community of developers collaborating on a standard and massively scalable open source cloud operating system.

Who uses OpenStack? Corporations, service providers, VARS, SMBs, researchers, and global data centers looking to deploy large-scale cloud deployments for private or public clouds leveraging the support and resulting technology of a global open source community.

Why open matters: All of the code for OpenStack is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license. Anyone can run it, build on it, or submit changes back to the project.

Nova (compute), Swift (object storage), Glance (image service), Keystone (identity management), Horizon (gui interface)

OPENSTACK AS IAAS? Allow application owners to

register for our cloud services, view their usage and see their bill (basic customer relations management functionality)

Allow Developers/DevOps to create and store custom images for their applications (basic build-time functionality)

Allow DevOps/Developers to launch, monitor and terminate instances (basic run-time functionality)

Allow the Cloud Operator to configure and operate the cloud infrastructure

OPENSTACK ARCHITECTURE

LOGICAL OPENSTACK ARCHITECTURE

OPENSTACK IMPLEMENTATION SCENARIO Hypervisor: Xen Device Emulation: KVM Networking: vSwitch Virtual Image Management: ovftool, Clonezilla   Red Hat introduced the libvirt library as an API for managing platform

virtualization(hypervisors and VMs). What makes libvirt interesting is that it supports a number of hypervisor solutions (KVM and Xen being two) and provides API bindings for number of languages (such as C, Python, and Ruby). It provides the "last mile" of management, interfacing directly with the platform hypervisor and extending APIsout to larger infrastructure-management solutions. With libvirt, it's simple to start and stop VMs, and it provides APIs for more advanced operations, such as migration of VMs between platforms. Using libvirt, it's also possible to use its shell (built on top of libvirt), called virsh.

OPENSTACK IMPLEMENTATION SCENARIO

BENEFITS OF OPEN STACK SERVICES Its diverse and has active developer community, its being

based on industry opens standards, flexibility, and ability to scale.

Zero initial investment on solution Each of the commercial vendors has its own API, and these

APIs doesn’t support various storage systems. OpenStack works on open standards.

OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data replication and distribution across different devices, meaning that inexpensive commodity hard drives and servers can be used in lieu of more expensive equipment. Further Quota facility ensures that users can’t provision more than allocated disk space.

POINTS TO LOOK FOR IN OPEN STACK SERVICES

Presently OpenStack doesn’t have billing solution and Zuora kind of solution need to be separately integrated

Customer portal needs to be further created Some work is still required for making nova-

network more available. OpenStack provides all the features that are

required to run IaaS cloud services. However to commercialize it, some level of integration and effort is required.

OPENSTACK VS CLOUDSTACK

OpenStack, “an open source product influenced by hosting provider Rackspace and NASA.

OpenStack provides full hypervisor support for KVM and Xen, with limited support for Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix Xen Server, VMware ESX and others.

OpenStack is deployed via the various core and incubator projects, and as such requires time and know how to get up and running. The upside of this is that users can choose which projects/features are required. Various installation packages are available for the separate projects.

CloudStack, “an open source project that was acquired by Citrix

CloudStack software works with a variety of hypervisors, including Oracle VM, KVM, vSphere and Citrix XenServer, with Oracle VM being a key differentiator from CloudStack.

Overall, CloudStack is better packaged for enterprise adoption, especially in environments not already familiar with open source. Its installation packaging and customizable admin/end-user portal are designed for quick, scalable adoption of the private cloud.

OPENSTACK VS EUCALYPTUS OpenStack, “an open

source product influenced by hosting provider Rackspace and NASA.

Nova (compute) Swift (object storage) Glance (image service) Keystone (identity

management) Horizon (gui interface)

Started as a research project at UC Santa Barbara

Cloud Controller (CLC) Manages the virtualization

resources and APIs Provides web interface

Walrus (S3 storage) Cluster Controller (CC)

Controls execution of VMs and their networking

Storage Controller (SC) Provides block-level storage to

VMs (EBS) Node Controller (NC)

Controls VMs via hypervisors

OPENSTACK VS CLOUDSTACK VS EUCALYPTUSSTORAGE

OPEN STACK CLOUDSTACK EUCALYPTUSDisk Image Yes Yes YesBlock Devices Yes Yes YesFault Tolerance Yes Yes YesVM IMAGEImage Service Yes Yes YesSelf Service Yes Yes YesAmazon API Yes Yes YesOTHER FACTORSCodebase Python Java Java, CHypervisors Xen, KVM, UML,

LXC, VMwareXen, KVM,

VMwareXen, KVM, VMware,

Citrix XenServerMaintenance High Medium High

WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE If you choose wrong but have

chosen a good management and abstraction layer, you can always move your private cloud, since ‘servers are software’ and can be destroyed and re-created with the right management, automation, and orchestration. With competition comes lower overall pricing, good news indeed for enterprise private cloud shops.