OPEN UNIVERSITY•HISTORY OF OPEN UNIVERSITY

•WHAT IS OPEN UNIVERSITY?

•WHAT ARE THE SALIENT POINTS OF OPEN UNIVERSITY?

•LEGAL BASIS OF OPEN UNIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

•SCHOOLS THAT HAVE OPEN UNIVERSITY

History •The OU was established in 1969 and the first students enrolled in January 1971.

•The Open University (OU) is a distance learning and research university founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom.

•The university is funded by a combination of student fees, contract income, and allocations for teaching and research by the higher education funding bodies in each of the four countries of the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). 

•It is notable for having an open entry policy, i.e. students' previous academic achievements are not taken into account for entry to most undergraduate courses.

•The majority of the OU's undergraduate students are based in the United Kingdom and principally study off-campus, but many of its courses (both undergraduate and postgraduate) can be studied off-campus anywhere in the world.

•The University administration is based at Walton Hall, Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, but has regional centres in each of its thirteen regions around the United Kingdom.

•It also has offices and regional examination centres in most other European countries.

•The University awards undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, as well as non-degree qualifications such as diplomas and certificates, or continuing education units.

What is an open university?•Open universities are universities that have a less formal

structure than traditional universities.

•They are also known for open-door entry policies, where no particular academic qualifications are needed for entry into degree granting or other academic enrichment programs.

•Therefore, open universities attract and are ideal for students who are older or who wish to achieve advanced degrees while continuing their careers.

•They are ideal for continuing education that is either desired or required to advance within a profession or specialty.

•Programs offered by open universities include distance or online learning, correspondence courses, a combination of on-site lectures and distance learning, as well as degree programs which grant credit for life experience including work experience.

•Open universities are found throughout the world programs offered range from technical training to advanced degrees in commerce, finance and even law

•While open universities are usually private institutions, they offer instruction at prices that tend to be far lower than those of even some public institutions which offer similar courses.

•Degrees granted by open universities are often well respected in the workplace because they show the graduate’s commitment to obtaining further knowledge and training while remaining committed to his or her career.

LEGAL BASIS OF OPEN UNIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINESTHE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE XIV

ARTICLE XIV EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS

EDUCATION

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

Section 2. The State shall:

(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs; and

(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills.

HISTORY OF OPEN UNIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINESOpen university programs in the Philippines A great variety of degree, non-degree, certificate, and diploma courses are offered through open universities in the Philippines, most of which are divisions of state universities. The open university programs in the Philippines include the following:  •The University of the Philippines, Open University (UPOU), founded on 23 February 1995, offers degree and non-degree programs, including courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral level and certificate or diploma courses. It has been named the National Center of Excellence in Open Learning and Distance Education by CHED. Lessons are given via Internet, learning modules, and occasional face-to-face sessions.•The Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Open University (PUP OU) has offered non-degree courses since the 1970s and degree courses since 1990.

•The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Open University (PLM OU)•The Pangasinan  State  University  Open  University  Systems (PSU-OUS) were founded  in  1996  and  began  at  PSU-Lingayen  in  March  1997  with  diploma courses.  It  now offers  a wide  range of  courses  to  residents  of Ilocos Norte, and Ilocos Sur, as well as Pangasinan.•The Western Mindanao University Open University  System provides a non-thesis  master  of  public  administration  course,  major  in  organization  and management. The students meet with their professors once a month at the nodal centers in Ipil, Sibugay and Pagadian City.•Bicol  University’s  Open University,  established  in  2005,  allows  students  to earn  master’s  degrees  in  public  administration,  local  government management, and management.•The CLSU  Open  University,  founded  on  August  29,  1997,  offers  graduate, post-graduate, certificate, and diploma courses. The lessons are administered through  printed modules and occasional live tutorial sessions.•Benguet  State  University has  offered  master’s  and  diploma  programs  for certain courses since 1997.•Asian Institute for Distance Education•CAP College Foundation

HOME SCHOOLING•HISTORY OF HOMESCHOOLING•WHAT IS HOMESCHOOLING•SALIENT POINTS IN HOMESCHOOLING•LEGAL BASIS OF HOME SCHOOLING IN THE PHILIPPINES

History

Homeschooling or homeschool (also called home education or home based learning)

•is the education of children at home, typically by parents or by tutors, rather than in other formal settings of public or private school

•Parents cite numerous reasons as motivations to homeschool their children

The three reasons that are selected by the majority of homeschooling parents in the United States are:1. concern about the school environment2. to provide religious or moral instruction3. dissatisfaction with academic

instruction at public and private schools

Raymond and Dorothy Moore

RAYMOND AND DOROTHY MOORE 

Began to research the academic validity of the rapidly growing early childhood education movement They asserted that formal schooling before ages 8–12 not only lacked the anticipated effectiveness, but was actually harmful to childrenThey began to publish their view that formal schooling was damaging young children academically, socially, mentally, and even physiologically.

They presented evidence that childhood problems such as juvenile delinquency, nearsightedness, increased enrollment of students in special education classes, and behavioral problems were the result of increasingly earlier enrollment of students.

They cited studies demonstrating that orphans who were given surrogate mothers were measurably more intelligent, with superior long term effects – even though the mothers were "mentally retarded teenagers" – and that illiterate tribal mothers in Africa produced children who were socially and emotionally more advanced than typical western children, "by western standards of measurement." Their primary assertion was that the bonds and emotional development made at home with parents during these years produced critical long term results that were cut short by enrollment in schools, and could neither be replaced nor afterward corrected in an institutional setting. 

Legal Basis of Homeschooling in the PhilippinesHomeschooling is legal in the Philippines. In the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV

•Section 1(2) states that the country will “Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children…” Under the last phrase, “Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children,” religious groups, mission boards, and families can branch off from public education to create their own private education.

•However, the Constitution also provides under Section 4 (1) that “the State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the education system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all education institutions.” Further, the Department of Education (DepEd) Memo no. 216 s. 1997 entitled “Home Education Program” states that if a homeschooled student wants to transfer into a conventional school, he or she must first be accredited by the DepEd.

Challenges in home schooling your child