openstack in action 4! vincent untz - running multiple hypervisors in your openstack cloud
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Running multiple hypervisorsin your OpenStack CloudVincent Untz <[email protected]>Project Manager, SUSE
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
OpenStack & Hypervisor
• “OpenStack is a global collaboration of developers and cloud computing technologists producing the ubiquitous open source cloud computing platform for public and private clouds.”
http://www.openstack.org/
• “A hypervisor or virtual machine monitor (VMM) is a piece of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
OpenStack: “Ubiquitous”, “Open”
• Perceived as the “Linux of the cloud”• Hypervisor-agnostic approach
– Support as many hypervisors as possible– Support running multiple hypervisors in the same cloud
• Impact on the non-compute components of the project
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Hypervisor History in OpenStack
• Ancient times: libvirt (KVM, QEMU)• Early days (2010/2011):
– libvirt (KVM, QEMU, UML, Xen), XenAPI, first Hyper-V driver– LXC (through libvirt) and “VMware”
• 2012:– Hyper-V dropped... and coming back– Baremetal– PowerVM
• 2013:– “VMware” rewritten, using vCenter– Docker– Baremetal moving to Ironic
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Hypervisor Trends in OpenStack
• Hypervisor requests:– 2011: Xen was quite popular– 2012: KVM moved relatively fast as the “default”– 2013: People starting to ask for “VMware” and Hyper-V– Starting to hear about containers
• Multi-hypervisor support:– Most deployments used a single hypervisor– Requirements for enterprise clearly show need for multiple hypervisors in the
same cloud
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Summary of Available Hypervisors
• libvirt: KVM, Xen, LXC, QEMU, UML• XenAPI• “VMware”• Hyper-V• Docker• PowerVM• Baremetal
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Ensuring High Quality
• Unit tests and functional tests executed for each code change– Obviously requires a huge amount of resources!– Difficult for some hypervisors; require external system
• In the future, drivers not receiving enough attention will be deprecated
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Why use a specific hypervisor?
• Better internal knowledge of technology• Appliances requiring a specific platform• ISV-provided application certified for specific hypervisor
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Why use a specific hypervisor?
• KVM/Xen:– Very good support from Linux vendors
• XenAPI:– Desktop virtualization
• VMware:– Often an already existing infrastructure– Ability to use vCenter for advanced features
• Hyper-V:– Windows on Windows– Single license covers the hypervisor and the workloads
• LXC/Docker:– Lightweight
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Why use more than one hypervisor?
• Getting the best of each hypervisor• Using OpenStack as a common interface for different technologies
– Including self-service features
• Slowly migrate workloads from existing infrastructure to cloud• Mixed cloud with (for instance) Linux on Linux, Windows on Windows,
legacy application on VMware• Optimized costs
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Challenges of running multiple hypervisors
• Integration with other OpenStack components:– Networking– Block Storage– Metering
• Unified interface, but not exact same feature set
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Challenges of running multiple hypervisors
• Integration with other OpenStack components:– Networking– Block Storage– Metering
• Unified interface, but not exact same feature set• Scheduling images to the right compute node• Full support from vendor (and its partners)?
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
The end user point of view
• No easy way to do all this from the OpenStack Dashboard• Choosing hypervisor while uploading an image:
– hypervisor_type property:glance image-create --property hypervisor_type=kvm […]
– vm_mode property. For Xen:vm_mode=xen, vm_mode=hvm
• Choosing hypervisor while booting an instance:– Picking a specific host for the instance:
nova boot --availability_zone zone:host […]
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
The end user point of view
• Alternative: using host aggregates– Group compute nodes in a host aggregate with a specific property– Create favors using this property– Downside: only doable by administrators
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
vCenter (“VMware”)
• Compute host communicates with vCenter– Enables the use of features such as vMotion, High Availability,
Dynamic Resource Scheduling (DRS)
• A cluster of ESX hosts is seen as one hypervisor entity– vCenter uses DRS to schedule inside the cluster
• One compute host can manage several clusters
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
vCenter (“VMware”)
• Limitations:– Shared storage required for ESX hosts– Images must use the VMDK format– Security groups only work with the NSX neutron plug-in– vSphere 5.0 and earlier require some manual configuration
• VMware (and others) working in the community to improve support for this driver– VMDK driver for Cinder to have volumes on vCenter managed data stores
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Hyper-V
• Integration architecture with OpenStack is rather simple: a Windows node will be a compute node
• Manual setup of Windows as compute node is not trivial, though. Solutions:– Cloudbase provides an installer– SUSE Cloud automates this step
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Hyper-V
• Windows Server 2012 recommended– Hyper-V Server can be used for free
• Limitations:– Images must use the VHD/VHDX format– Does not work with all neutron plug-ins
• Development is going well. Changes in Havana include:– Support for Windows Server 2012 R2– Support of VHDX format– Ephemeral storage– Dynamic memory– Integration with Ceilometer
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Hyper-V
• Session from Alessandro Pilotti (Cloudbase) at 15:20 in the business track:
“OpenStack, Hyper-V and Windows”
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
What about deployment?
• “Simply” a matter of configuring all compute nodes the way you want
• Need to be careful about networking technology used– ML2 plug-in in Havana does help
• Most deployment tools are targeting the one hypervisor use case, though
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Concrete example: using KVM
• In nova.conf of compute node:compute_driver=libvirt.LibvirtDriver
libvirt_type=kvm
• Of course, there are many other options• Each hypervisor generally has a set of specific options
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013
Multiple Hypervisors withSUSE Cloud
• Support for:– KVM– Xen– Hyper-V
• Tech preview for:– VMware vCenter
• All in the same cloud!• Install from baremetal for KVM, Xen and Hyper-V compute nodes
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OpenStack in Action 4 ! - Paris – 5th December 2013