operational communication
TRANSCRIPT
Single Focus Workshop 25 March 2010 Operational Communication Peter Lemme 1
Connectivity 101
WAEA Technology CommitteeSingle Focus Workshop
25 March 2010
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Passenger connectivity: a false dawn?
First ground to air telephone call (1920) : radio takes off On August 19, 1920, Sir Samuel Instone, chairman of the Instone Air Line was able to have a telephone conversation by wireless radio between his home in London and a passenger on board on of his Vickers aeroplanes en route to Paris. This is thought to have been the first radio telephone call to an aircraft in flight.
Another world first for Instone Air Lines………
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A Brief History of Passenger Connectivity
Before mid 1980s there was none.
The Connectivity market has evolved entirely in last 25 years:
• 1984 – first telephone system• 1987 – first satellite telephone calls• 1992 – first news and sports ticker• 1993 – first fax• 1996 – first live television• 2001 – first e-mail• 2002 – first broadband connectivity• 2003 – first cabin wi-fi implementation• 2005 – first GSM voice and SMS system• 2006 – first GPRS mobile data system
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What do passengers want? Need?
• Cabin/passenger connectivity applications– Internet – Web, webmail, IM, social networking– Corporate intranet/VPN– Real-time TV, audio/video streaming– IFE content, information updates – web, audio, video, TV– Cellphone/smartphone connectivity – voice/SMS/data– Destination information– Buy on board, cashless cabin– Telemedicine/remote health diagnosis– BITE, maintenance reports; usage data– Service recovery– Frequent Flyer Program
• Plus flight deck operational and safety services (ATC)
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Cabin access and distribution
• Access devices– Embedded or handheld IFE system/device (e.g. in-seat IFE
monitor and controller)– Crew work station, duty free EPOS terminal/device– Passengers’ own laptop pc, pda or cell/smart phone
• Wireless: Cellular (GSM/CDMA/UMTS) or WiFi pda or datacard• Ethernet (RJ-45)
• Cabin Distribution– IFE system– Hardwired ethernet – RJ45 at seat– Wireless
• WiFi – network cabin access points, typically 802.11a/b/g• Cellular – pico cell system, typically GSM/GPRS
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Portable Electronic DevicesThe first!
…Utopia?
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Mobile (cell) phones
4.3 Billion cellphones…. And counting
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Aircraft system components
• Antenna(s)
• Radios (modems, transceivers)
• Servers, routers
• Pico cells, access points
• Applications
Plus ground components– Receiving stations, billing systems back office systems
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Multitude of communications systems
Inmarsat L-bandGEO satellite
Ku-band GEO satellite
VHF/HF ACARSDatalink and voiceTechnologies (flightdeck and ATC only)
Gatelink(Terminal WLAN)
Terrestrial(eg Aircell, Wi-SKY)
Iridium L-bandLEO Satellite
Satellite Technologies
Radio Technologies
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Radio and Satellite Transmission
Satellite (Ground)Station
Radio (Base)Station
Satellite
Up link
Forward link
Return link
Down link
All elements of each systemmay vary: frequencies used,data rates, type of satellite,orbit, range of transmission,aircraft equipment etc., etc.
Radio Transmission
Satellite Transmission
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In-flight communications optionsB
and
wid
th
Less
More
(Kbit/s)
(Mbit/s)
Geographical availability
GlobalRegional
L-band higher rates
Ku band Satellite
DBS/DVB TV
L-bandLow and mid rates
Air-to-ground/Terrestrial
Safety Services
Real time TV
Cellphone
Internet
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What are the real differences?• Geographical coverage• Bandwidth/data rate• Ability to support what applications?
– IFE and flight deck, operations etc
• Cost, size and weight of aircraft hardware• Cost of airtime• Whole life costs• Business model
Does it do what I want it to do, when and where I want it and can I, and my passengers, afford it?
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Horses for courses
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TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATIONS
Connectivity 101
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ATG System Overview
Aircell CabinTelecommunications Router
Aircraft AntennaEVDO Modem
Wi-Fi Enabled Devices
Mobile Broadband Service activates at 10,000 ft
Internet
Three Sub-Networks
The Airborne Network
The Air-to-Ground Network
The Ground Network
The Airborne Network
The Air-to-Ground Network
The Ground Network
Air
-to-
Gro
un
dA
irb
orn
e
EVDOCell Site
Ground Network
DataCenter
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SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSConnectivity 101
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Satellite communications
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Geostationary satellite coverage
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Example: Inmarsat-3 (L-band) satellite constellation
• 4 operational Inmarsat-3 satellites• Spot and global beams• Ground Earth Stations (GES) within footprint of each satellite
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SATS
OFT
-150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00East Longitude (Degrees)
-50.00
0.00
50.00
Nor
th L
atitu
de (D
egre
es)
Inmarsat-4 SwiftBroadband Spot Beams (L-band)
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Ku-band coverage example
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Iridium LEO satellite system• 66 satellites• Orbit 780kms (Low Earth Orbit,
LEO)• Uniquely uses inter-satellite
links, plus call hand-over between satellites – fewer ground stations
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CABIN SYSTEMSConnectivity 101: Using it: Cabin Networks, Devices and Applications
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Example Wide body Aircraft Economy Class
Lexicon: RF radiating co-axial antenna cable = ‘Leaky Feeder”
Cellular pico cell
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Wi-fi cabin network
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Cabin networks: operation
• Wi-fi networks– Credit card billing– Roaming?
• Pico cells– Roaming model– Regulatory approvals– Incoming calls, SMS, data
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FOOD FOR THOUGHTConnectivity 101
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The in-flight environment…
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Connectivity
• Be clear on requirements
• Form cross-functional teams
• Be realistic
• Ask the dumb questions as well as the smart ones….
• Promote and support