operations and maintenance of laboratory ventilation systems · operations and maintenance of...
TRANSCRIPT
DUCTS
FILTER
ROOF
FAN
STACK
SUPPLYAIR
ChemicalHoods
LocalExhaustHoods
SAFETY
THINK
LAB OFFICE
HVAC = 40% - 60%Operating Costs
$5 to $10 per cfm-yr
Lab Ventilation Overview
http://fumehoodcalculator.lbl.gov/index.php
Fume Hood Energy Model
Benefits of O&M
Increase safety
Save money
Enhance comfort andenvironmental quality
Free-up capacity
Strengthenmaintenance/reliability
Utilities
Custodial
Maintenance
$-
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
Geolo
gy
Chem
T&
R
Phys
ics
Engin
eerin
g
Bio
tech
Nano
Res
Chem
T&
R
Mate
rials
Chem
Res
Lab Building O&M Costs
Strategies for an Effective O&M Program
• Provide a clear, accountable organizational structure.
• Conduct energy-use studies and implement efficiencyupgrades.
• Commit to implementing projects that are cost effectiveon a life-cycle basis.
• Ensure top performance with good maintenance.
• Manage utility costs, not just utility use.
• Encourage awareness and provide training.
• Track performance against baseline metrics.
Awaren
ess
Load
Mana
gem
ent
RateAna
lysis
Energ
yAud
its
Met
ers
Comm
issio
ning
/Tun
e-Ups
Ligh
ting
Ret
rofits
Building
Envelo
p
EMCS
Renewab
les
Chiller/B
oiler
Replac
emen
t
No Cost Low Cost Expensive
O&M Improvements
Equipment Replacement
Investment Requirements
The Energy Management Continuum
Maintenance Variation – Research Building
Clark Hall 99/00 - 03/04
HVAC
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
$100,000
99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04
Sensors/Controls
Fume Hoods
Motors, Pumps & Fans
Distribution
O&M Responsibilities – Building Design
• Select consultants with proven lab experience
• Contract should include responsibilities for budget,
performance, LCCA
• Establish clear design criteria
• Require record drawings at completion
• Hire a Cx agent
• Conduct thorough in-house review at each stage
• LCCA for system options
• Investigate technologies new to your campus or
facility
• Specify training of major equipment
O&M Responsibilities – Building Construction
• Hire Cx agent for testing and inspection
• Listen to your Cx agent, run all problems to ground
• Use in-house maintenance staff for inspection
• Get your staff to vendor training
• Archive maintenance manuals, record drawings and
Cx reports
• Label major equipment
O&M Responsibilities – Ongoing
• Use maintenance management system that
schedules PM and tracks repairs
• Meter building energy use adjusting for rates and
climate
• Monitor energy use for increases
• Incorporate equipment and system experience into
design standards.
Current Topics in Laboratory Operation
Energy use and cost
Carbon footprint
Commissioning
Low flow hoods
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Chilled beams
Ventilation rate and control
Lab chemical classifications
Shared facilities
Maintenance cost reduction
The Typical Research Campus
Building Area = 13.5 million sf
Lab Buildings = 2 million sf
Utilities Budget ~ $70 million/yr
4 Million sf of lab buildings$5 /sf for utilities = $20 M$3/sf for maintenance = $12M
TOTAL O&M for Lab Buildings
$32 Million
0
100
200
300
400
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Tons
ofC
arb
on
/ye
ar
Million GSF
Research Universities Leave Big Footprints
Labs Are Where the Action Is
Cornell total carbon inventory 319,000 tons CO2
Commuter travel
Air travelLab Buildings
All other buildings
9%
8%
37%
46%
Commissioning (Cx)
During design and construction
Ensures design intent is met
Uncovers equipment problems
Exposes design errors
Retro-Commissioning
Tune up existing buildings
Question design criteria
New generation controls andcomponents
Continuous Commissioning
Periodic diagnostics based on controldata
Low Flow Fume Hoods
Flow = Face area X Velocity
Reduceopeningthrough stopsor slidingpanels
Reducedvelocity in fullopen position
Improved aerodynamics toimproved containment atlower velocity for all sashpositions
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Potential•Vary ventilation rate based on air quality•Reduce ventilation rate until there is a spill•Report on poor lab practices
Concerns•Inconsistent detection of various chemicals•Detection in return air sees diluted concentration•Sampling time may be too long
Chilled Beams
• Separate cooling from ventilation• Good office application• May have benefit for labs with high cooling load/ low ventilation
Reheat Systems
Simultaneous heating and cooling can problematic Variations of internal loads can be enormous.
A single zone requiring cooling can create artificialheating and cooling loads throughout the building.
Possible solutions: Raise supply air temperature as warm as possible to minimize reheating.
Put cooling coils or cooling fan coils in each zone.
Reheat systems maintenance issues: Water treatments to avoid valve failures.
Hot water pump system pressure control to avoid excess pressure thatcan cause erosion.
DDC controls to the zone to determine valve position.
Note: There is a Labs21 Best Practice Guide in Minimizing Reheat
What is the Minimum, Safe Ventilation Rate?
Standard
ANSI/AIHA Z9.5
NFPA-45-2004
ACGIH Ind. Vent 24th ed. 2001
ASHRAE Lab guide 2001
OSHA 29 CFR Part 11910.1450
ACH number
The specific room ventilation rate shall beestablished or agreed upon by the owner orhis/her designee.
Minimum 4 ACH unoccupied, occupied “typicallygreater then 8 ACH”
The required ventilation depends on thegeneration rate and toxicity of the contaminantnot on the size of the room in which it occurs.
4 –12
4 - 12
Current Topics in Laboratory Operation
Energy use and cost
Carbon footprint
Commissioning
Low flow hoods
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Chilled beams
Ventilation rate and control
Lab chemical classifications
Shared facilities
Maintenance cost reduction
Industry Resources
• Labs 21• Training Seminars on O&M, High Performance Lab Design
• Design Guide for Energy Efficient Laboratories
• Best Practices
• Annual Conference
• LEED for Existing Buildings• Requirement for
Comprehensive operational plan for all building systems
Commissioning plan, implementation and documentation
Repair or upgrade all components not working as they should
Re-test components
• ASHRAE Laboratory Design Handbook (2001)• O&M checklists for hoods, BSCs and HVAC systems
• Tabulates requirements of OSHA, ANSI and NFPA