operations-and-supply-chain-management heba.doc

7/25/2019 Operations-and-Supply-Chain-Management HEBA.doc

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Amity CampusUttar PradeshIndia 201303

ASSIGNMENTSPROGRAM M!A I!

SEMESTER"IIISu#$e%t Name Operations and Supply ChainManagementStudy COUNTR& EgyptR'(( Num#er )Re*+N'+, IB01362014-2016016

Student Name EB! MO"#!$ E% BE&!%'

INSTRUCTIONSa, Students are re-uired t' su#mit a(( three assi*nment sets+

ASSIGNMENT .ETAI/S MARSAssi*nment A ie Su#$e%tie uesti'ns 10Assi*nment ! Three Su#$e%tie uesti'ns 4 Case

Study10

Assi*nment C O#$e%tie 'r 'ne (ine uesti'ns 10

#, T'ta( 5ei*hta*e *ien t' these assi*nments is 306+ OR 30 Mar7s%, A(( assi*nments are t' #e %'mp(eted as typed in 5'rd8pd9+d, A(( -uesti'ns are re-uired t' #e attempted+e, A(( the three assi*nments are t' #e %'mp(eted #y due dates and

need t' #e su#mitted 9'r ea(uati'n #y Amity Uniersity+9, The students hae t' atta%hed a s%an si*nature in the 9'rm+

Si*nature :::::::.ate :::::::::::2;8118201A?

= Assi*nment>!?

= Assi*nment>C?

=


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Operati'ns and Supp(y Chain Mana*ement

Assi*nment " A

uesti'n 1 .is%uss 5hat d' y'u understand #y 'perati'ns@ Is'perati'ns mana*ement imp'rtant 9'r 'r*anisati'ns@ [email protected] #et5een manu9a%turin* 'perati'ns and seri%e'perati'ns@

Ans5er Based on my understanding( Business operations are thoseongoing re)urring a)ti*ities in*ol*ed in the running o+ a ,usiness +or thepurpose o+ produ)ing *alue +or the staeholders. /hey are )ontrastedith proe)t management ,usiness )hange managers are responsi,le +or,ridging the gap ,eteen the proe)ts and ,usiness operations( and )onsisto+ ,usiness pro)esses.

/he out)ome o+ ,usiness operations is the harvestingo+ *alue +rom assetsoned ,y a ,usiness. !ssets )an ,e eitherphysicalor intangible. !n eampleo+ *alue deri*ed +rom a physi)al asset lie a ,uilding is rent. !n eample o+*alue deri*ed +rom an intangi,le asset lie an idea is a royalty. /he e5ortin*ol*ed in har*esting this *alue ishat )onstitutes ,usiness operations.

Business operations en)ompass three +undamental management imperati*esthat )olle)ti*ely aim to maimi7e *alue har*ested +rom ,usiness assets thishas o+ten ,een re+erred to as seating the assets8

1. 9enerate re)urring in)ome

2. In)rease the *alue o+ the ,usiness assets

3. Se)ure the in)ome and *alue o+ the ,usiness

'es Operations management is *ery important +or organi7ations as it is the:eld )on)erned ith managing and dire)ting the physi)al and;or te)hni)al+un)tions o+ a :rm or organi7ation( parti)ularly those relating tode*elopment( produ)tion( and manu+a)turing. Operations Managementprograms typi)ally in)lude instru)tion in prin)iples o+ general management(manu+a)turing and produ)tion systems( plant management( e


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se)urity in+ormation te)hnology and other in+rastru)tural supportorgani7ations.

uesti'n 2 .es%ri#e the TM phi('s'phy and identi9y its ma$'r%hara%teristi%s+ Ep(ain h'5 TM is diBerent 9r'm the traditi'na(n'ti'ns '9 -ua(ity+

/=M is an approa)h +or )ontinuously impro*ing the


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Instead o+ )ontrolling the


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re


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manu+a)ture properly( allos


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traditionalplan, do, check, act.$eming pre+erredplan, do, study, act,e)ausestudy has )onnotations in English )loser to Shehart>s intent than )he).

! +undamental prin)iple o+ the s)ienti:) method and $S! is iterationon)ea hypothesis is )on:rmed or negated( ee)uting the )y)le again ill etendthe noledge +urther. #epeating the $S! )y)le )an ,ring us )loser to the

goal( usually a per+e)t operation and output.

$S! should ,e repeatedly implemented in spirals o+ in)reasing noledgeo+ the system that )on*erge on the ultimate goal( ea)h )y)le )loser than thepre*ious. One )an en*ision an open )oil spring( ith ea)h loop ,eing one)y)le o+ the s)ienti:) method - $S!( and ea)h )omplete )y)le indi)ating anin)rease in our noledge o+ the system under study. /his approa)h is ,asedon the ,elie+ that our noledge and sills are limited( ,ut impro*ing.Espe)ially at the start o+ a proe)t( ey in+ormation may not ,e nonA the$S!s)ienti:) methodpro*ides +eed,a) to usti+y our guesseshypotheses and in)rease our noledge. #ather than enter analysis

paralysis to get it per+e)t the :rst time( it is ,etter to ,e approimately rightthan ea)tly rong. Kith the impro*ed noledge( e may )hoose to re:neor alter the goal ideal state. Certainly( the $S! approa)h )an ,ring us)loser to hate*er goal e )hoose.

uesti'n D )a, hy d' 'r*anisati'ns 7eep inent'ry@ hat are thediBerent types '9 %'sts ass'%iated 5ith inent'ry@

Inent'rymeans a list )ompiled +or some +ormal purpose( su)h as thedetails o+ an estate going to pro,ate( or the )ontents o+ a house let

+urnished. /his remains the prime meaning in British English.In the "S! and Canada the term has de*eloped +rom a listo+ goods and materials to the goods and materials themsel*es( espe)iallythose held a*aila,le in sto) ,y a ,usinessA and this has ,e)ome the primarymeaning o+ the term in orth !meri)an English( e


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o+ )osts in terms o+ logisti)s. So ,ul ,uying( mo*ement and storing,rings in e)onomies o+ s)ale( thus in*entory.

Khere these sto)s )ontain the same or similar items( it is o+ten the orpra)ti)e to hold all these sto)s mied together ,e+ore or a+ter the su,-

pro)ess to hi)h they relate. /his >redu)es> )osts. Be)ause they are mied uptogether there is no *isual reminder to operators o+ the ada)ent su,-pro)esses or line management o+ the sto)( hi)h is due to a parti)ular)ause and should ,e a parti)ular indi*idual>s responsi,ility ith ine*ita,le)onse


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!eneJts

Main ,ene:ts o+ PI/ in)lude8

Reduced setup time.Cutting setup time allos the )ompany to redu)e

or eliminate in*entory +or )hangeo*er time. /he tool used hereis SME$ single-minute e)hange o+ dies.

he !o" of goods from "arehouse to shelves improves.Small orindi*idual pie)e lot si7es redu)e lot delay in*entories( hi)h simpli:esin*entory To and its management.

Employees "ith multiple skills are used more e#ciently.a*ingemployees trained to or on di5erent parts o+ the pro)ess allos)ompanies to mo*e orers here they are needed.

$roduction scheduling and "ork hour consistency synchroni%ed "ithdemand.I+ there is no demand +or a produ)t at the time( it is not made./his sa*es the )ompany money( either ,y not ha*ing to pay orerso*ertime or ,y ha*ing them +o)us on other or or parti)ipate intraining.

&ncreased emphasis on supplier relationships.! )ompany ithoutin*entory does not ant a supply system pro,lem that )reates a partshortage. /his maes supplier relationships etremely important.

'upplies come in at regular intervals throughout the productionday.Supply is syn)hroni7ed ith produ)tion demand and the optimalamount o+ in*entory is on hand at any time. Khen parts mo*e dire)tly+rom the tru) to the point o+ assem,ly( the need +or storage +a)ilitiesis redu)ed.

Pr'#(ems 5ithin a IT system

Pust-in-time operation lea*es suppliers and donstream )onsumers opento supply sho)s and large supply or demand )hanges. Jor internal reasons(Ohno sa this as a +eature rather than a ,ug. e used an analogy o+ loeringthe ater le*el in a ri*er to epose the ro)s to eplain ho remo*ing

in*entory shoed here produ)tion To as interrupted. On)e ,arriers ereeposed( they )ould ,e remo*ed. Sin)e one o+ the main ,arriers as reor(loering in*entory +or)ed ea)h shop to impro*e its on


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Uery lo sto) le*els means shipments o+ the same part )an )ome in se*eraltimes per day. /his means /oyota is espe)ially sus)epti,le to Tointerruption. Jor that reason( /oyota uses to suppliers +or most assem,lies.!s noted in %ier 2003( there as an e)eption to this rule that put theentire )ompany at ris ,e)ause o+ the 1FF !isin :re. oe*er( sin)e /oyota

also maes a point o+ maintaining high


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measura,le output. &ey tools in SC are )ontrol )harts( a +o)us on )ontinuousimpro*ement and designed eperiments.

Mu)h o+ the poer o+ SC lies in the a,ility to eamine a pro)ess and thesour)es o+ *ariation in that pro)ess using tools that gi*e eight to o,e)ti*e

analysis o*er su,e)ti*e opinions and that allo the strength o+ ea)h sour)eto ,e determined numeri)ally. Uariations in the pro)ess that may a5e)t the


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C'ntr'( %harts 9a(( int' t5' %ate*'ries Karia#(e and Attri#uteC'ntr'( Charts+

Uaria,le data are data that )an ,e measured on a )ontinuous s)alesu)h as a thermometer( a eighing s)ale( or a tape rule.

!ttri,ute data are data that are )ounted( +or eample( as good orde+e)ti*e( as possessing or not possessing a parti)ular )hara)teristi).

The type '9 %'ntr'( %hart y'u use 5i(( depend 'n the type '9 datay'u are 5'r7in* 5ith+

It is a(5ays pre9era#(e t' use aria#(e data+

Uaria,le data ill pro*ide ,etter in+ormation a,out the pro)ess thanattri,ute data.

!dditionally( *aria,le data re


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Assi*nment " !

uesti'n 1 .eJne Pr'%ess@ Identi9y diBerent types '9 Pr'%[email protected]%uss the 9a%t'rs that inLuen%e Pr'%ess Se(e%ti'n@

Pr'%essor pr'%essin*typi)ally des)ri,es the a)t o+ taing somethingthrough an esta,lished and usually routine set o+ pro)edures to )on*ert it+rom one +orm to another( as a manu+a)turing or administrati*e pro)edure(su)h as pro)essing mil into )heese( or pro)essing paperor to granta mortgage loan( or )on*erting )omputer data +rom one +orm to another./here are many types o+ ro)ess ,ut I ill ,e limiting it +or ,usiness8

! #usiness pr'%essor #usiness meth'dis a )olle)tion o+ related(stru)tured a)ti*ities or tass that produ)e a spe)i:) ser*i)e or produ)t ser*e

a parti)ular goal +or a parti)ular )ustomer or )ustomers. It o+ten )an ,e*isuali7ed ith a To)hart as a se


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uesti'n 2 .eJne %'mpetitieness@ hat diBerent 'perati'nsstrate*ies %an a %'mpany ad'pt t' #e%'me %'mpetitie@ .is%ussusin* eamp(es '9 spe%iJ% 'r*anisati'ns+

Competitivenessis a )omparati*e )on)ept o+ the a,ility and per+orman)eo+ a :rm( su,-se)tor or )ountry to sell and supply goods and;or ser*i)es in agi*en maret. !lthough idely used in e)onomi)s and ,usinessmanagement( the use+ulness o+ the )on)ept( parti)ularly in the )ontet o+national )ompetiti*eness( is *igorously disputed ,y e)onomists( su)h as aul&rugman.

/he term may also ,e applied to marets( here it is used to re+er to theetent to hi)h the maret stru)ture may ,e regarded as per+e)tly)ompetiti*e. /his usage has nothing to do ith the etent to hi)h indi*idual

:rms are )ompetiti*e>.

Empiri)al o,ser*ation )on:rms that resour)es )apital( la,or( te)hnologyand talent tend to )on)entrate geographi)ally Easterly and %e*ine 2002./his result reTe)ts the +a)t that :rms are em,edded in inter-:rmrelationships ith netors o+ suppliers( ,uyers and e*en )ompetitors thathelp them to gain )ompetiti*e ad*antages in the sale o+ its produ)ts andser*i)es. Khile arms-length maret relationships do pro*ide these ,ene:ts(at times there are eternalities that arise +rom linages among :rms in ageographi) area or in a spe)i:) industry tetiles( leather goods( sili)on)hips that )annot ,e )aptured or +ostered ,y marets alone. /he pro)ess o+

?)lusteri7ation(@ the )reation o+ ?*alue )hains(@ or ?industrial distri)ts@ ismodels that highlight the ad*antages o+ netors.

Kithin )apitalist e)onomi) systems( the dri*e o+ enterprises is to maintainand impro*e their on )ompetiti*eness( this pra)ti)ally pertains to ,usinessse)tors.

/e)hnology is one operation strategies that a )ompany )an employ to gain adistin)ti*e ad*antage o*er its )ompetition. ! good eample is the /Uetor Kar that is )urrently happening in the hilippines. Currently thereare 2 maor netors in the said )ountry *ying +or the top spot. ! third

netor is on the rise ,ut as o+ no is not a threat. /he 2 netors usete)hnology to mae their shos and programs appealing to the masses hoill ,e )onsidered as their )ustomers.

/hey in*ested on high-end ele)troni)s ,ought +rom a,road to enhan)e theirnesrooms and studios. /here ere impro*ements made to the +a)ilities tomae it loo updated and ,ig. One netor as a,le to mo*e up due toin)reasing noledge toards te)hnology and mareting.


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!nother ta)ti) is getting a steady pool o+


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Khat are the industry sales and maret trends the produ)t idea is,ased on

3+ Idea E*aluation ; Con)ept $e*elopment

estimate )osts( re*enue( pro:t( do maret resear)h

target maret segmentation

des)ri,e the main group o+ people ho ill ,e the :rst )ustomers

D+$e*elopment o+ rodu)t ; Business !nalysis physi)ally design and manu+a)ture the produ)t estimate liely selling pri)e ,ased upon )ompetition and )ustomer

+eed,a)

estimate sales *olume ,ased upon si7e o+ maret

produ)e a physi)al prototype or mo)-up

test the produ)t and its pa)aging in typi)al usage situations


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to set up di5erent tier-le*els to impro*e the


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uesti'n 2 )%, '5 did Ash'7 /ey(and use IT t' redu%e theirinent'ry@

!% implemented se*eral initiati*es that )om,ined ith the PI/ pro)ess inmaing their in*entory leaner and sa*e on in*entory )osts. /he organi7ation

ne that a ,loated in*entory in)urs additional )osts +or them. /hey pla)edemphasis on optimi7ing in*entory and their respe)ti*e *endors ere gi*enpre-re


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a*aila,ility o+ order status in+ormation hi)h the )ustomers thought ereimportant to them. By a)hie*ing the o,e)ti*es o+ OSC!# II( there as animpro*ement on )ustomer satis+a)tion and deli*ery time as shortenedmu)h to the delight o+ their )ustomers.


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Assi*nment " C

1 Khi)h o+ the +olloing is not a ey a)ti*ity o+ an operations managerV

a+ Understandin* the needs '9 %ust'mer

,. Continually learning

). Managing )ash Tos

d. Eploiting te)hnology to produ)e goods and ser*i)es

2 Khi)h o+ the +olloing is generally related to ser*i)e operationsV

a. /angi,le produ)t

,. eed +or Tei,le )apa)ity

%+ Separati'n '9 pr'du%ti'n 9r'm %'nsumpti'n

d. %arge amount o+ in*entory

3 ! measure o+ the su))ess o+ an operation in produ)ing outputs that satis+y

)ustomers is

a. E)ien)y

,. E5e)ti*eness

%+ ua(ity

d. ro:ta,ility

4 ! measure o+ the su))ess o+ an operation in )on*erting inputs to outputs

is

a+ E%ien%y

,. E5e)ti*eness

). =uality

d. ro:ta,ility

Q Operations design )hoi)es in)lude all o+ the +olloing e)ept

a. Operating plans and )ontrols

,. /ype o+ pro)esses and alternati*e designs

%+ Supp(y %hain inte*rati'n and 'uts'ur%in*

d. In*entory

6 WWWW is the reintrodu)tion o+ an intermediary in a supply )hain.

a+ .isintermediati'n

,. #e-intermediation

). Channel assem,ly

d. Karehousing


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WWWW are redu)tions in unit )osts a*aila,le +rom in)reasing the num,er o+

produ)ts produ)ed.

a. 9lo,al netors

,. Jo)used operations

). E)onomies o+ s)ope

d+ E%'n'mies '9 s%a(e

G ! WWWW layout is an arrangement ,ased on the se


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d. Building a ne plant

13 /he purpose o+ produ)tion planning is to

a. Minimi7e the or +or)e si7e

,. Maimi7e the produ)tion rate

). Minimi7e the )ost o+ meeting demand

d+ Optimie the inent'ry (ee(

14 Khi)h approa)h is most appropriate +or +ore)asting demand +or a ne

produ)tV

a+ A %ausa( m'de(

,. ! $elphi study

). ! time-series model

d. ! regression model

1Q ! ey ad*antage o+ a pro)ess layout is

a. igh le*els o+ in*entory

,. igh degree o+ automation

). Jlei,le e


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,. #edu)ing manu+a)turing lead times

). #edu)ing in+ormation distortion

d+ Addin* a supp(y hu# t' the %hain

1F !))ording to the *alue )hain model o+ $ell( In).( hi)h o+ the +olloing is

not a pre-produ)tion a)ti*ityV

a+ !i((in*

,. Corporate partnerships

). ur)hasing

d. So+tare and hardare li)ensing

7i

20 ! WWWW is a statement o+ ho many :nished items are to ,e produ)ed and

hen they are to ,e produ)ed.

a. !ggregate lan

#+ Master Pr'du%ti'n S%hedu(e). Material #e


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24 !ll o+ the +olloing relate to Si Sigma e)ept

a. Clear :nan)ial returns

,. Measures de+e)ts per unit

). Output )riti)al to )ustomers

d+ A stret%h *'a(

2Q Khi)h o+ the +olloing is most )losely related to Statisti)al ro)ess

Control SCV

a. !))eptan)e sampling

,. ro)ess spe)i:)ations

%+ Un5anted %auses '9 ariati'n

d. Sel+-audits

26 Control )harts are all o+ the +olloing e)ept

a+ Can determine the s'ur%e '9 a pr'#(em,. "se+ul +or pro)ess impro*ement

). Based on :nding *alues outside o+ )ontrol limits

d. %oos +or non-random patterns

2 Khen eamining )ontrol )harts( *ariations o+ )hara)teristi)

measurements that are ithin )ontrol limits are assumed to ,e the result o+

a. Chan)e

#+ .e9e%tie input materia(s

). !ssigna,le )auses

d. oor ma)hine toleran)es

2G WWWW is de:ned as the satis+a)tion o+ WWWW.

a. Ser*i)e


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a. !n epression o+ an organi7ationHs per+orman)e in


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36 Khi)h o+ the +olloing is a )hronologi)al representation o+ stages ithin

the $ pro)essV

a. Idea sele)tion( preliminary design( testing( prototype

,. /esting( :nal design( preliminary design( prototype

%+ Idea *enerati'n idea se(e%ti'n pr't'type testin*

d. Idea sele)tion( prototype( testing( preliminary design

3 Khi)h o+ the +olloing is not )ompati,le ith B#V

a+ undamenta( re"thin7in*

,. In)remental re-design

). $ramati) impro*ements

d. Business pro)esses

3G Smaller ,at)h si7es are +a)ilitated ,y all the +olloing e)epta. Setup time redu)tion

#+ Chan*es in p(ant (ay'ut

). PI/ poli)ies

d. Changeo*er time in)reases

3F WWWW is synonymous ith en*ironmental )on)erns.

a. Mass )ustomi7ation

#+ Re%y%(in*

). Empoerment

d. 9lo,ali7ation

40 Khi)h is true regarding a responsi*e supply )hainV

a+ .emand is sta#(e and predi%ta#(e+

,. rodu)t li+e )y)les are short and )hange o+ten ,e)ause o+ inno*ation.

). Customers re

operations-and-supply-chain-management heba.doc

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