Operations Management

Pertemuan ke 5 - Manajemen Bisnis & KewirausahaanBy Heru Priyanto, ST, MBA

Marketing Aspect

Operation Aspect

HR Aspect

Financial Aspect

Business Model Canvas

What is Operations Management?

OM is defined as the design, operation and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firms primary products and services

Input-Output Transformation Examples

System Primary Input

Resources Transformation Process

Output

Hospital Patients MD, Nurses, Equipment

Health caring Healthy Individual

Restaurant Hungry Customers

Food, Chef, Waitress

Well prepared & served food

Satisfied Customers

College/University

High School Graduates

Teachers, Classrooms, Books, Broadband Connectivity

Imparting knowledge & skill

Educated Individuals

Department Store

Shoppers Displays, stock of goods, sales clerks

Attract shopper, promote, filling orders

Sales to satisfied customers

Airline Travelers Airplane, crews, ticketing systems

Moving to destination

On time, satisfied travelers

What about Telecommunication Operators?

System Primary Input

Resources Transformation Process

Output

Telco Operators

Orang yg butuh komunikasi jarak jauh

PegawaiJaringanBTSServerSwitchingTransmission

Menghubungkan satu orang dgn yg lain agar bisa berkomunikasi dgn suara,text, gambar, video

Orang yang terpenuhi /terpuaskan kebutuhan komunikasinya

Output: Is it a product or a service?

Tangible

Intangible

Factory

No Specific Factory

Production First, then Consumption

Production & Consumption at the same time

Indirect

Direct

Physical Appearance

Production

Consumption

Producer – Consumer Interaction

PR

OD

UC

TS

SER

VIC

ES

Process Analysis

Process: any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs that, it is hoped, are greater of value to the organization than the original inputs

Process Flowcharting Flowchart symbols:

: Task or Operation

: Decision Points

: Storage Area or Queue or Waiting line

: Flow of material/ customers

Types of Process

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Multistage Process

Stage 1

Stage 3

Multistage Process with Buffer

Buffer

Stage 3

Buffer

Stage 3

Stage 3

Alternative Paths

Buffer

Stage 3

Buffer

Different Products produces

Process Performance Metrics

Batch Size

Time/Unit

Setup Time

Queue Time

Run Time

Operation

Time

Throughput Time

Cycle Time

Standards

Velocity

Throughput Rate

Efficiency

Productivity

Inputs

Time Availa

ble

Utilization

Time Activat

ed

Operation Time = Setup Time + Run Time

Throughput Time = Average Time for a unit to move through the system

Velocity = Throughput Time/Value Added Time

Cycle Time = Average Time between completion of units

Throughput Rate = 1 / Cycle Time

Efficiency = Actual Output / Standard Output

Productivity = Output / Input

Utilization = Time Activated / Time Available

Product Design Process

Customer Market System

Marketing

Sales

Research

Product Design

Process Planning

Production

Marketing & Sales Product Development

Manufacturing

Products

Needs

Orders

Calls

Promotion

New Product Ideation

Product Specification

Production Order

Technical Concept

Designing for the Customers: Quality Function Deployment

Process Flow Structures Job Shop : small batches of a large number

different of products. Mostly Custom Designed products

Batch Shop : standardized job shop. Stable line of products.

Assembly Line : discrete part moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate, following the sequence to build the product. Ex: toys

Continuous Flow : like an assembly line, but in continuous form. Conversion undifferentiated materials such as petroleum, chemical

Total Quality Management

Managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimension of products and services that are important to customer

What is Quality ?

Six Sigma & ISO Six Sigma Quality (from General Electric)

Methodology to eliminate defects in the products and processes

Defect is any component that does not fall within the customer’s spec limits. (3 )

ISO ISO 9000 A series of standards agreed upon by the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . Adopted in 1987.

ISO 14000 : to control the impact of an organization ‘s activities and outputs on the environment.

Analytical Tools Flowcharts Run Charts Pareto Charts Check sheets Cause & effect diagrams Control Charts Opportunity flow diagram

Forecasting

Forecasting types: Qualitative

Grass roots Market research Panel consensus Historical Analogy Delphi Method

Time series analysis Simple Moving

Average Weighted moving

Average Exponential

smoothing Regression analysis Trend Projections

Causal relationships Regression analysis Econometric models Input/output models Leading indicators

Simulation

Inventory Control Inventory Definition: is the stock of any item

or resources used in an organization

Inventory System: is the set of policies and controls that monitor levels of inventory and determine what levels should be maintained, when stock should be replenished, how large orders should be.

The basic purpose of inventory analysis is to specify: When items should be ordered How large the order should be

Inventory Control Why do we keep an inventory?

To maintain independence operation To meet variation in product demand To allow flexibility in production scheduling To provide a safeguard for variation in raw material

delivery time To take advantage of economic purchase order size

Inventory Cost Holding Cost Setup Cost Ordering Cost Shortage Cost

END OF THIS SECTION

Next Section : Human Resources Management