operator’s manual · flat-deck trailers operator’s manual overview - 1 vehicle identification...

Flat-Deck Trailers

Issue 2.0Original Instruction

Operator’s Manual

CMW® 053-2517

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Overview - 1Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

Overview

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Record VIN and date of purchase in spaces provided. VIN tag (shown) is typically located toward the front of the trailer frame.

Unit Components

Ramped Trailers

Date of manufacture

Date of purchase

Trailer VIN

1. Hitch/coupler

2. Jack

3. Battery (if equipped)

4. Lights/Reflectors

5. Tiedown

6. Deck

7. Ramps

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Overview - 2 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualIntended Use

Tilt-Bed Trailers

Intended UseDitch Witch trailers are intended for tying down and transporting Ditch Witch and other equipment weighing less than the maximum load weight rating (MLWR) and with a load that can be properly distrubuted on the trailer. They are intended to be towed with an appropriately-sized vehicle.

Equipment ModificationThis equipment was designed and built in accordance with applicable standards and regulations. Modification of equipment could mean that it will no longer meet regulations and may not function properly or in accordance with the operating instructions. Modification of equipment should only be made by competent personnel possessing knowledge of applicable standards, regulations, equipment design functionality/requirements and any required specialized testing.

1. Hitch/coupler

2. Jack

3. Battery (if equipped)

4. Tilt latch pin

5. Lights/reflectors

6. Deck

7. Tiedown

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Foreword - 3Reporting Safety Defects

Foreword

This manual is an important part of your equipment. It provides safety information and operation instructions to help you use and maintain your Ditch Witch equipment.

Read this manual before using your equipment. Keep it with the equipment at all times for future reference. If you sell your equipment, be sure to give this manual to the new owner.

If you need a replacement copy, contact your Ditch Witch dealer. If you need assistance in locating a dealer, visit our website at www.ditchwitch.com or write to the following address:

The Charles Machine Works, Inc.Attn: Marketing DepartmentPO Box 66Perry, OK 73077-0066 USA

The descriptions and specifications in this manual are subject to change without notice. The Charles Machine Works, Inc. reserves the right to improve equipment. Some product improvements may have taken place after this manual was published. For the latest information on Ditch Witch equipment, see your Ditch Witch dealer.

Thank you for buying and using Ditch Witch equipment.

Reporting Safety DefectsIf you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause injury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying the Product Safety Engineer at The Charles Machine Works, Inc. at [email protected].

If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation, and if it finds that a safety defect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in any individual problems between you, your Ditch Witch dealer, or The Charles Machine Works, Inc.

To contact NHTSA you may either call the Auto Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), go to http://www.safercar.gov, or write to:

AdministratorNHTSA1200 New Jersey Avenue S.E. Washington, DC 20590

You can also obtain other information about motor vehicle safety from http://www.safercar.gov.

CMW

Foreword - 4 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual

Flat-Deck TrailersOperator’s Manual

Issue number 2.0/OM-6/12Part number 053-2517

Copyright 2012by The Charles Machine Works, Inc.

, Ditch Witch, and CMW are registered trademarks of The Charles Machine Works, Inc.

CMW

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Contents - 5

Contents

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

• Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

• Unit Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

• Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

• Reporting Safety Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

• Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

• Safety Alert Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

• Safety Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Prepare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

• Inspect Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

• Lay Out Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

• Position Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

• Optional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Operate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

• Hitch to Tow Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

• Unhitch from Tow Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

• Loading and Unloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

• Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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Contents - 6 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual

Service and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

• Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

• Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

• Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

• Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

• Tire Safety Information

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Safety - 7

Safety

Chapter Contents

Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Safety Alert Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Safety Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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Safety - 8 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualGuidelines

GuidelinesFollow these guidelines before operating any jobsite equipment:

• Complete proper training and read operator’s manual before using equipment.

• Inspect trailer before each use. See “Inspect Trailer” on page 12.

• Use equipment carefully. Stop operation and investigate anything that does not look or feel right

• Observe and follow trailer load ratings. Always tie down equipment and properly stow accessories, even if travelling short distances.

• Position equipment on trailer to provide proper weight distribution..

• Contact your Ditch Witch dealer if you have any question about operation, maintenance, or equipment use.

Incorrect procedures could result in death, injury, or property damage. Learn to use equipment correctly.

To help avoid injury:

• At least ten to fifteen percent of total trailer weight (equipment plus trailer) must be on tongue to help prevent trailer sway.

• Do not exceed tow vehicle capacities. See tow vehicle manual.

• Do not exceed maximum trailer tongue load specification or hitch capabilities.

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Safety - 9Safety Alert Classifications

Safety Alert ClassificationsThese classifications and the icons defined on the following pages work together to alert you to situations which could be harmful to you, jobsite bystanders or your equipment. When you see these words and icons in the book or on the machine, carefully read and follow all instructions. YOUR SAFETY IS AT STAKE.

Watch for the three safety alert levels: DANGER, WARNING and CAUTION. Learn what each level means.

indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.

Watch for two other words: NOTICE and IMPORTANT.

NOTICE can keep you from doing something that might damage the machine or someone's property.

IMPORTANT can help you do a better job or make your job easier in some way.

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Safety - 10 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualSafety Alerts

Safety Alerts

Crushing weight could cause death or serious injury. Use proper procedures and equipment or stay away.


Battery acid may cause burns. Avoid contact.

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Prepare - 11Safety Alerts

Prepare

Chapter Contents

Inspect Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Lay Out Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Position Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Optional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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Prepare - 12 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualInspect Trailer

Inspect Trailer• Check ramps and trailer bed for damage.

• Check lights and reflectors for cleanliness and verify that lights operate.

• Verify that signs, guards, and shields are in place. Replace if damaged or missing.

• Check hitch for wear and cracks. Lubricate if needed.

• Check torque of hitch bolts. Adjust if needed. See “Check Coupler Bolts” on page 22.

• Check pins and retainer clips. Replace if damaged or missing.

• Check battery for 12V charge (electric brakes only) or hydraulic fluid level (hydraulic brakes only).

• Check tire pressure. See “Check Tire Pressure” on page 20.

• Check lug nut torque with a torque wrench. Adjust if needed. See “Check Lug Nut Torque” on page 21.

• Ensure trailer brakes are adjusted properly. See “Service” on page 20.

• Ensure trailer brakes are adjusted to come on with tow vehicle brakes.

• Check jack.

• Check safety chain/hooks.

• Check tiedowns for cracks or deformation. Replace if damaged.

• Check trailer decking.

• Check breakaway system, if equipped.

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Prepare - 13Lay Out Equipment

Lay Out Equipment 1. Determine what equipment, attachments, and other items will be carried on trailer.

2. Lay out equipment and attachment positions to balance load and obtain correct tongue load.

• Consider attachment stand weights and attachment weights. See attachment operator’s manual.

• Consider unit weight. See unit operator’s manual.

• Consider the weight of anything else you plan to haul, such as sod or other pieces of equipment.

• Ensure that load will remain balanced with and without consumables (such as sod or water) loaded.

• Position stands so that attachment can be accessed easily, usually from the side of the trailer.

• Position auger and plow stands as close to centerline of trailer as possible.

• Check loading on each side of trailer by weighing.

3. Install factory-approved stands or tiedowns, if needed.


To help avoid injury:

• At least ten to fifteen percent of total trailer weight (equipment plus trailer) must be on tongue to help prevent trailer sway.

• Do not exceed tow vehicle capacities. See tow vehicle manual.

• Do not exceed maximum trailer tongue load specification or hitch capabilities.

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Prepare - 14 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualPosition Load

Position Load

Position trailer load for proper tongue weight by following procedure. Proper tongue weight will enhance towing stability and safety.

1. Select appropriate size tow vehicle based on trailer gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).

2. Adjust hitch on trailer so that hitch is about 2 in (51 mm) higher than level when coupled to tow vehicle.

3. Load trailer.

4. Pull trailer onto scale. Ensure tow vehicle wheels are off scale.

5. Unhitch trailer from tow vehicle and lower jack to remove all tongue weight from vehicle.

6. Record total unhitched weight of trailer and load. This is gross trailer weight (GTW) and must not exceed trailer GVWR or tow vehicle GTW.

7. Multiply GTW by 0.9 and record this number as 90% GTW.

8. Hitch trailer to tow vehicle. Raise and stow jack.

9. Watch scale readout while helper positions load. When scale displays 90% GTW value, the load is positioned properly with at least 10% of GTW on hitch. Do not exceed tow vehicle capabilities. See tow vehicle manual. Do not exceed maximum trailer tongue load specification or hitch capabilities.

10. Tie down load.

11. Mark positions of all equipment that will be unloaded at jobsite to allow correct loading when work is finished.

Optional EquipmentDitch Witch trailers are available in a variety of sizes and towing capacities. Additionally, our trailer selection offers several configurations and options.

• Brake options: electric or hydraulic surge. Please note that surge brakes are not legal in some states so check state laws.

• Deck material: wood or steel grating.

• Access: tilt bed, single ramp, or dual ramps.

• Tiedowns: fixed, flexible configuration, or machine-specific.

IMPORTANT: Access to truck scales is required for this procedure.

IMPORTANT: Tie down unit as indicated in unit operator’s manual.

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Operate - 15Optional Equipment

Operate

Chapter Contents

Hitch to Tow Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Unhitch from Tow Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Load and Unload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

• Fixed Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

• Tilt Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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Operate - 16 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualHitch to Tow Vehicle

Hitch to Tow Vehicle1. Back tow vehicle to trailer.

2. Put manual transmission into first or reverse gear or automatic transmission into park. Set parking brake. Turn off ignition.

3. Connect trailer lunette or coupler to tow vehicle hitch and lock in place with lock pin. If needed, adjust lunette or coupler height to level load.

4. Connect safety chains (shown) to tow vehicle, crossing chains under trailer tongue, as shown.

5. Connect breakaway cable, if equipped, to tow vehicle. Do not connect to pintle hook or hitch ball.

6. Plug trailer electrical connector into tow vehicle connector.

7. Use jack crank to raise jack base and stow handle.

8. Remove wheel blocks.

9. Verify operation of trailer lights.

Unhitch from Tow Vehicle1. Stop tow vehicle and trailer on level ground.

2. Put manual transmission into first or reverse gear or automatic transmission into park. Set parking brake. Turn off ignition.

3. Block trailer wheels.

4. Unstow handle and lower jack base.

5. Disconnect trailer electrical connector from tow vehicle connector.

6. Disconnect breakaway cable from tow vehicle.

7. Disconnect safety chains from tow vehicle.

8. Disconnect trailer coupler from tow vehicle hitch.

9. Use jack crank to raise trailer tongue clear of tow vehicle hitch.

10. Start tow vehicle engine, release parking brake, and drive tow vehicle away.

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Operate - 17Load and Unload

Load and Unload

Fixed Bed

• Connect trailer to tow vehicle before loading or unloading equipment.

• Load and stow all attachments before loading equipment.

• Load and unload unit slowly, according to recommendations in unit operator’s manual.

• Tie down unit only at provided tiedown points (shown).

• Lock ramps into upright position before moving trailer.

Tilt Bed

Load

1. Remove pin from latch at front of bed.

2. Stand on end of bed until trailer touches ground. Bed should remain tilted until unit is loaded onto trailer.

3. Drive unit forward onto trailer bed.

4. When bed is no longer tilted, replace latch pin and tie down unit as indicated in equipment operator’s manual.

IMPORTANT: Do not hook tiedowns or chains to trailer deck/bar grating.

IMPORTANT: Tilt bed only when trailer is connected to tow vehicle.

IMPORTANT: Be prepared for trailer bed to return to level as equipment is loaded..

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Operate - 18 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualCleanup

Unload

1. Block trailer wheels.

2. Remove tiedowns.

3. Remove pin from latch at front of bed.

4. Slowly back unit off trailer as bed tilts.

CleanupMake sure all tools and accessories are securely loaded on trailer.

After unloading, remove all loose debris and spray water onto trailer grate to remove dirt and mud.

CMW

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Service and Troubleshooting - 19Cleanup

Service and Troubleshooting

Chapter Contents

Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

• Each Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

• 200 Mile (320 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

• 3000 Mile (5000 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

• 6000 Mile (10 000 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

• 12,000 Mile (20 000 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

• Locking Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

• Intermittent Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

• Locking Brakes or Weak Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

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Service and Troubleshooting - 20 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualService

Service

Each Use

Check Tire Pressure

Check tire pressure each use where shown. Inflate tires as indicated.

IMPORTANT: Consult with brake, axle, and tire manufacturers for additional service information.

Task Notes

Check tire pressure and lug nut torque

Check lights and reflectors

Check battery charge electric brakes only

Check hydraulic brake fluid hydraulic brakes only DOT 3 or DOT 4

Check actuator bolts

Check coupler bolts

Check suspension bolts

Check tiedown binders and chains

Tire Pressure

18 X 5.70-8, C 75 psi (517 kPa)

215/75R-17.5, H16TL 125 psi (862 kPa)

ST205/75R15, C 50 psi (345 kPa)

ST225/75R15, D 65 psi (448 kPa)

ST235/80R16, E 80 psi (551.5 kPa)

ST235/85R16, E 80 psi (551.5 kPa)

ST235/85R16, F 95 psi (655 kPa)

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Service and Troubleshooting - 21Service

Check Lug Nut Torque

Check lug nut torque each use. Tighten lug nuts in the sequence shown above as directed below.

Check Lights and Reflectors

Check lights and reflectors for correct operation, cleanliness, and damage. Repair, clean, and replace as needed.

Check Electric Brake Battery Charge

Check battery charge before each use.

Tire 1st Stage 2nd Stage Final Stage

18 X 5.70-8, C 20-25 ft•lb (27-34 N•m)

50-60 ft•lb (68-81 N•m)

90-120 ft•lb (122-163 N•m)

215/75R-17.5, H16TL (on Dexter axle) 50-60 ft•lb (68-81 N•m)

90-200 ft•lb (122-271 N•m)

275-325 ft•lb (373-441 N•m)

215/75R-17.5, H16TL (on Al-Co axle) 300 ft•lb (407 N•m)

ST205/75R15, C 20-25 ft•lb (27-34 N•m)

50-60 ft•lb (68-81 N•m)

90-120 ft•lb (122-163 N•m)

ST225/75R15, D 20-25 ft•lb (27-34 N•m)

50-60 ft•lb (68-81 N•m)

90-120 ft•lb (122-163 N•m)

ST235/80R16, E 20-25 ft•lb (27-34 N•m)

50-60 ft•lb (68-81 N•m)

90-120 ft•lb (122-163 N•m)

ST235/85R16, E 50-60 ft•lb (68-81N•m)

100-120 ft•lb (135.5-163 N•m)

190-210 ft•lb (258-285 N•m)

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Check Hydraulic Brake Fluid

Check fluid level (shown) in master cylinder each use. Fill to bottom of threaded hole with DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid.

Check Actuator Bolts

Check condition of actuator bolts each use and tighten to 450 ft•lb (610 N•m).

Check Coupler Bolts

Check condition of coupler bolts each use and tighten as directed below.

Trailer Torque

S1A, S2AS, S6B, S7B, S8B

160 ft•lb (217 N•m)

T7B, T9B, T9C 160 ft•lb (217 N•m)

T18B 200 ft•lb (271 N•m)

BT20, BT26 Coupler: 300 ft•lb (407 N•m)Hitch: 650 ft•lb (881 N•m)

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Check Suspension Bolts

S2AS, S6B, S7B, S8B, T7B, T9B, T9C

Check Torflex mount bolts each use and tighten to 120-155 ft•lb (163-210 N•m) as needed.

S2B, T18B, BT20, BT26

Check condition of U-bolts (1), spring eye bolts (2), equalizer bolts (3), and slipper bolts (4) each use and tighten as directed below.

S2B and T18B spring eye bolt, equalizer bolt, and slipper bolt; BT20 and BT26 slipper bolts:

• Non-shouldered bolts with 9/16” threads: snug fit only. Locking nuts or cotter pins are provided to retain nut-bolt assembly.

• Shoulder type shackle bolts with 7/16” threads: 30-50 ft•lb (41-81 N•m).

Check Tiedown Binders and Chains

Check tiedown binders and chains for damage each use. Replace if damaged.

Trailer/Bolt) Torque

S2B U-bolt 50-60 ft•lb (68-81 N•m))

T18B U-bolt 65-95 ft•lb (88-129 N•m)

BT20 U-bolt 80-90 ft•lb (108.5-122 N•m)

BT20 spring eye bolt 225-275 ft•lb (305-373 N•m)

BT20 equalizer bolt 375-425 ft•lb (508.4-576 N•m)

BT26 U-bolt 110-150 ft•lb (149-203 N•m)

BT26 spring eye bolt 200-250 ft•lb (271-339 N•m)

BT26 equalizer bolt 325-375 ft•lb (441-508.4 N•m)

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200 Mile (320 km)

Adjust Electric Brakes (Initial)

Adjust electric brakes after 200 miles (320 km).

1. Place adequate jack stands under frame rails.

2. Remove cover from adjusting slot (shown) on bottom of backing plate.

3. Rotate adjuster starwheel with screwdriver or brake tool to expand brake shoes. Adjust until wheel is very difficult to turn by hand.

4. Rotate starwheel the other direction until wheel turns with slight drag.

5. Replace adjusting slot cover.

6. Repeat procedure for all remaining brakes.

7. Remove jack stands and lower wheels to ground.

Task Notes

Adjust electric brakes Initial

Adjust hydraulic brakes Initial

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Adjust Hydraulic Brakes (Initial)

Adjust hydraulic brakes after 200 miles (320 km).


2. Remove cover from adjusting slot on bottom of backing plate.






8. Remove filler cap (A) by turning counterclockwise. Make sure actuator (master cylinder) is full of brake fluid. Use type DOT 3 or DOT 4 fluid.

9. Stroke actuator by pulling forward on cable attached to breakaway lever (B) until it locks in the first detent.

10. Use a suitable tool to pry the breakaway lever farther forward and lock into the second detent position.

11. With breakaway lever in second detent, bleed wheel cylinders in sequence beginning with the right rear, then the right front, then the left rear and finally the left front.


IMPORTANT: To prevent more air from entering braking system, close bleed screw before re-stroking actuator.

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12. To bleed at each wheel:

• Remove rubber dust cap. Use a 3/8” wrench to open and then close the bleed screw.

• Re-stroke the actuator and lock into second detent position each time before repeating the bleeding process in the proper sequence.

• Expelled air will be indicated by a hissing sound or bubbles as bleed screw is opened.

• Repeat procedure at each wheel until a solid stream of fluid is obtained.

• Check actuator (master cylinder) fluid level during this process.

• Make sure fluid level is full after bleeding.

13. Wipe excess brake fluid from axle backing plates and other surfaces and replace dust cap on bleed screws.

3000 Mile (5000 km)

Check Pivot Pins

Check pivot pins (shown) for wear or damage every 3000 miles (5000 km). Replace if damaged.

Task Notes

Check pivot pins tilt-bed trailers only

Adjust electric brakes

Adjust hydraulic brakes

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Adjust Electric Brakes

Adjust brakes every 3000 miles (5000 km).


2. Remove cover from adjusting slot (shown) on bottom of backing plate.






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Adjust Hydraulic Brakes

Adjust hydraulic brakes every 3000 miles (5000 km).


2. Remove cover from adjusting slot on bottom of backing plate.






8. Remove filler cap (A) by turning counterclockwise. Make sure actuator (master cylinder) is full of brake fluid. Use type DOT 3 or DOT 4 fluid.

9. Stroke actuator by pulling forward on cable attached to breakaway lever (B) until it locks in the first detent.

10. Use a suitable tool to pry the breakaway lever farther forward and lock into the second detent position.

11. With breakaway lever in second detent, bleed wheel cylinders in sequence beginning with the right rear, then the right front, then the left rear and finally the left front.


IMPORTANT: To prevent more air from entering braking system, close bleed screw before re-stroking actuator.

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12. To bleed at each wheel:

• Remove rubber dust cap. Use a 3/8” wrench to open and then close the bleed screw.

• Re-stroke the actuator and lock into second detent position each time before repeating the bleeding process in the proper sequence.

• Expelled air will be indicated by a hissing sound or bubbles as bleed screw is opened.

• Repeat procedure at each wheel until a solid stream of fluid is obtained.

• Check actuator (master cylinder) fluid level during this process.

• Make sure fluid level is full after bleeding.

13. Wipe excess brake fluid from axle backing plates and other surfaces and replace dust cap on bleed screws.

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6000 Mile (10 000 km)

Check Brake Controller Amperage

Check brake controller amperage every 6000 miles (10 000 km).

1. Disconnect black wire from trailer connector plug.

2. Attach 0-30A ammeter in line between black wire and connector plug.

3. Start tow vehicle and connect trailer plug to tow vehicle receptacle.

4. Set brake controller to maximum gain (trailer brakes applied fully).

5. Read ammeter. Recommended readings depend on number of axles and brakes.:

• Single-axle trailer with two brakes: 6A.

• Tandem-axle trailer with four brakes: 12A.

If amp reading is high, check for electrical short in the following areas:

• brake magnet coils

• controllers

• bare wires

If amp reading is low, check for the following:

• blown fuses

• broken wires

• poor connnections and grounds

IMPORTANT: Voltage readings at each brake magnet should be at least 10.5V.

CMW


12,000 Mile (20 000 km)

Inspect Brake Shoes and Lining

Inspect shoes and linings every 12 months or 12,000 miles (20 000 km) for wear. When lining is worn to 1/16” (2 mm) or less, replace all linings. Replace shoes if linings are contaminated by oil or fluid.

Lubricate and Adjust Bearings

Inspect and lubricate bearings every 12 months or 12,000 miles (20 000 km).

1. Place adequate jack stands under frame rails and remove wheels.

2. Remove grease cap by prying loose with screwdriver. Remove cotter pin from spindle nut. Unscrew spindle nut and remove spindle washer.

3. Slide hub off spindle. Do not drop outer bearing cone.

4. Pry seal from hub and remove inner bearing cone.

5. Clean all grease from bearing cups, cones, hardware, and hub bore using suitable solvent. Dry components with lint free cloth.

6. Inspect bearing cups and cones for pitting, spalling, corrosion, and overheating (blue color). Replace if damaged.

7. Pack all cones using an extreme pressure, water resistant, lithium complex grease. Apply light coating of grease to bearing cones.

8. Install inner bearing cone into its race and tap new seal into place using a wooden block and hammer.

9. Install bearings and hub on spindle. Install spindle washer and spindle nut.

10. Rotate hub while tightening spindle nut to 50 ft•lb (68 N•m).

11. Loosen spindle nut without rotating hub and then tighten it by hand.

12. Back spindle nut out until first castellation lines up with cotter pin hole and insert cotter pin.

13. Grasp wheel/hub at top and bottom and check for excessive play in bearing. Adjust as needed.

14. Install grease cap using soft face mallet.

Task Notes

Inspect brake shoes and lining

Lubricate and adjust bearings

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Service and Troubleshooting - 32 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualTroubleshooting

Troubleshooting

Locking Brakes

Possible cause: electrical system

• Check controller. Replace if malfunctioning.

• Check for correct wiring. Contact your Ditch Witch dealer for information.

• Check that breakaway switch is not tripped. Reset or replace breakaway switch.

• Check for short in brake light. Trace and repair short in tow vehicle or trailer.

Possible cause: mechanical

• Ensure that brake parts have not loosened. Tighten as needed.

• Check for worn or loose wheel bearings. Replace bearing and examine hub.

• Check drum. If out of round or scored, remachine. Replace if necessary.

• Check brake lining for contamination. Replace if necessary.

• Ensure brake shoes are not hanging on backing plates. Release shoes and lubricate backing plates.

Intermittent Brakes


• Check wiring for intermittent short. Repair if needed.

• Check for broken magnetic brake coil leads. Replace if needed.

• Check trailer ground. Do not ground through hitch.

• Check for loose wire connection.


• Check drum. If out of round or scored, remachine.

• Check for brake lining contamination.

CMW

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Service and Troubleshooting - 33Troubleshooting

No Brakes or Weak Brakes


• Check controller. Replace if malfunctioning.

• Check for correct wiring. Contact your Ditch Witch dealer for information.


• Check for worn or defective magnets. Replace if necessary.

• Check brake clearance. Adjust if necessary.

• Check for worn or contaminated lining. Replace if necessary.

• Check for worn drum. If oversize, replace drum. If out of round, remachine. Replace if necessary.

• Ensure trailer load is not excessive. Reduce trailer load.

CMW

Service and Troubleshooting - 34 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualTroubleshooting

CMW

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 35Troubleshooting

Specifications

Chapter Contents

S1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

S2AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

S2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

S6B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

S7B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

S8B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

T7B E & H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

T9B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

T9C E & H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

T18B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

BT20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

BT26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

CMW

Specifications - 36 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualS1A

S1A

Dimensions U.S. Metric

L Total length 127 in 3.2 m

L2 Bed length 75 in 1.9 m

H Adj. coupler heights 15/17/19 in 381/432/483 mm

H2 Bed height (at full load) 13 in 330 mm

H3 Clearance 7.5 in 190.5 mm

W Width outside fenders 70 in 1.8 m

W2 Width between fenders 54 in 1.4 mm

Loading angle 15° 15°

General

Axle: 1, CMW, 1.75” solid (straight) axle, 1800 lb rating

Available couplers: 3” (76-mm) lunette or 2” (51-mm) ball or 2 5/16” (59-mm) ball

Brakes: n/a

Electrical system: 12V D.C.

Safety chain size: 5/16” (7.9 mm) grade 70

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 37S1A

Tire and Load Ratings

Load ratings for speeds up to 65 mph (104 km/h)

Specifications are general and subject to change without notice. If exact measurements are required, equipment should be weighed and measured. Due to selected options, delivered equipment may not necessarily match that described.

18 X 5.70-8, C tire U.S. Metric

Cold inflation pressure 75 psi 517 kPa

GVWR (gross vehicle weight rating) 2000 lb 907 kg

GAWR (gross axle weight rating) 1800 lb 816.5 kg

Tare (empty) weight 460 lb 208.5 kg

Max. tongue load 200 lb 91 kg

Maximum cargo (MLWR, max load weight rating at max tongue load) 1540 lb 698.5 kg

CMW

Specifications - 38 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualS2AS

S2AS




H Adj. coupler heights 13/15/17 in 330/381/432 mm


H3 Clearance 6 in 152 mm

W Width outside fenders 79 in 2 m


Loading angle 15° 15°

General

Axle: 1, Dexter, #10 Torflex, rubber torsion suspension axle, 3500 lb rating


Brakes: n/a



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 39S2AS




ST205/75R15, C tire U.S. Metric




Tare (empty) weight 770 lb 349 kg


Maximum cargo (MLWR, max load weight rating at max tongue load) 2220 lb 998 kg

CMW

Specifications - 40 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualS2B

S2B




H Adj. coupler heights 10.5-24.5 in 267-622 mm

H2 Bed height (at full load) 17.5 in 444.5 mm

H3 Clearance 13.5 in 343 mm

W Width outside fenders 64.5 in 1.6 m

W2 Width between fenders 45.5 in 1.2 mm

Width between frame rails 38 in 965 mm

W3 Width of ramp (each) 10 in 254 mm

A Loading angle 15° 15°

General

Axle: 1, Dexter, 4” drop, leaf spring axle, 3500 lb rating

Available couplers: 2” (51-mm) ball

Brakes: n/a


Safety chain size: 1/4” (6 mm) grade 70

HHH3H3 H2H2

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WW

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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 41S2B




ST205/75R15, C tire U.S. Metric







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S6B




H Adj. coupler heights 16-22 in 406-559 mm





W3 Width of ramp (each) 30 in 762 mm


General


Available couplers: 3” (76-mm) lunette or 2 5/16” (59-mm) ball

Brakes: 12” x 2” electric



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Specifications are called out according to SAE recommended procedures. Specifications are general and subject to change without notice. If exact measurements are required, equipment should be weighed and measured. Due to selected options, delivered equipment may not necessarily match that described.

ST235/80R16 E tire U.S. Metric

Cold inflation pressure 80 psi 551.5 kPa


GAWR (gross axle weight rating) 7000 lb 3175 kg




CMW


S7B








W2 Width between fenders 62 in 1.6 m

A Loading angle 12.5° 12.5°

General






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S8B










General






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CMW

Specifications - 48 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualT7B E & H

T7B E & H


L Total length

T7BE 240 in 6.1 m

T7BH 242 in 6.15 m







W3 Width of each loading ramp 30 in 762 mm

A Ramp angle 18° 18°

General



Brakes: 10” x 2 1/4” electric or hydraulic



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 49T7B E & H




ST225/75R15 D tire U.S. Metric



GAWR (gross axle weight rating per axle) 3500 lb 476 kg




CMW

Specifications - 50 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualT9B

T9B









W3 Width of each loading ramp 16 in mm


General



Brakes: 12” x 2” electric or hydraulic



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 51T9B






GVWR (gross vehicle weight rating) 10,000 lb 4536 kg

GAWR (gross axle weight rating per axle) 6000 lb 2721.5 kg


Max. tongue load 1650 lb 748.4 kg


CMW

Specifications - 52 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualT9C

T9C


L Total length

T9CE 223 in 5.7 m

T9CH 229 in 5.8 m







W3 Width of each loading ramp 30 in 762 mm


General



Brakes: 12” X 2” electric or hydraulic



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 53T9C






GVWR (gross vehicle weight rating) 11,000 lb 4989.5 kg

GAWR (gross axle weight rating per axle) 6000 lb 2721.5 kg



Maximum cargo (MLWR, max load weight rating at max tongue load) 8500 lb 3855.5 kg

CMW

Specifications - 54 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualT18B

T18B




Dove tail length 28 in 711 mm






Width of each loading ramp 18 in 457 mm

A Loading angle (trencher ramp) 15° 15°

Loading angle (drill ramp) 10° 10°

General

Axle: 2, Dexter, slipper spring axle with equalizer, 8000 lb rating

Available couplers: square mount lunette

Brakes: 12 1/4” x 3 3/8” electric



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 55T18B




215/75R-17.5, H16TL tire U.S. Metric






Maximum cargo (MLWR, max load weight rating at max tongue load) 14,125 lb 6410 kg

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Specifications - 56 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s ManualBT20

BT20




Dove tail length 62 in 1.6 m







General

Axle: 2, AL-KO, slipper spring axle with equalizer, 8000 lb rating

Available couplers: bolted flat-mount drawbar 3” lunette

Brakes: 12” x 3.25” electric



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 57BT20




215/75R-17.5, H16TL tire U.S. Metric






Maximum cargo (MLWR, max load weight rating at max tongue load) 15,700 lb 7121.5 kg

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BT26




Dove tail length 67 in 1.7 m







General

Axle: 2, Dexter, slipper spring axle with equalizer, 10,000 lb rating

Available couplers: bolted flat-mount drawbar 3” lunette

Brakes: 12.25” x 3.38” electric



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Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Specifications - 59BT26






GVWR (gross vehicle weight rating) 26,000 lb 11 793 kg

GAWR (gross axle weight rating per axle) 10,000 lb 4536 kg



Maximum cargo (MLWR, max load weight rating at max tongue load) 20,300 lb 9208 kg

CMW


CMW

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Support - 61Procedure

Support

ProcedureNotify your dealer immediately of any malfunction or failure of Ditch Witch equipment.

Always give model, vehicle identification number, and approximate date of your equipment purchase. This information should be recorded and placed on file by the owner at the time of purchase.

Return damaged parts to dealer for inspection and warranty consideration if in warranty time frame.

Order genuine Ditch Witch replacement or repair parts from your authorized Ditch Witch dealer. Use of another manufacturer's parts may void warranty consideration.

Resources

Publications

Contact your Ditch Witch dealer for publications and videos covering safety, operation, service, and repair of your equipment.

Ditch Witch Training

For information about on-site, individualized training, contact your Ditch Witch dealer.

CMW

Warranty - 62 Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual

Warranty

Ditch Witch Equipment and Replacement PartsLimited Warranty Policy

Subject to the limitation and exclusions herein, free replacement parts will be provided at any authorized Ditch Witch dealership for any Ditch Witch equipment or parts manufactured by The Charles Machine Works, Inc. (CMW) that fail due to a defect in material or workmanship within one (1) year of first commercial use (Exception: 2 years for all SK5 attachments). Free labor will be provided at any authorized Ditch Witch dealership for installation of parts under this warranty during the first year following “initial commercial” use of the serial-numbered Ditch Witch equipment on which it is installed. The customer is responsible for transporting their equipment to an authorized Ditch Witch dealership for all warranty work.

Exclusions from Product Warranty• All incidental or consequential damages.

• All defects, damages, or injuries caused by misuse, abuse, improper installation, alteration, neglect, or uses other than those for which products were intended.

• All defects, damages, or injuries caused by improper training, operation, or servicing of products in a manner inconsistent with manufacturer’s recommendations.

• All engines and engine accessories (these are covered by original manufacturer’s warranty).

• Tires, belts, and other parts which may be subject to another manufacturer’s warranty (such warranty will be available to purchaser).

• ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES NOT EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND MERCHANTABILITY.

IF THE PRODUCTS ARE PURCHASED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, AS DEFINED BY THE UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE, THEN THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE FACE HEREOF AND THERE ARE NO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHICH EXTEND TO A COMMERCIAL BUYER. ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY APPLY INCLUDING THE DUTIES IMPOSED.

Ditch Witch products have been tested to deliver acceptable performance in most conditions. This does not imply they will deliver acceptable performance in all conditions. Therefore, to assure suitability, products should be operated under anticipated working conditions prior to purchase.

Defects will be determined by an inspection within thirty (30) days of the date of failure of the product or part by CMW or its authorized dealer. CMW will provide the location of its inspection facilities or its nearest authorized dealer upon inquiry. CMW reserves the right to supply remanufactured replacements parts under this warranty as it deems appropriate.

Extended warranties are available upon request from your local Ditch Witch dealer or CMW.

Some states do not allow exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so above limitation of exclusion may not apply. Further, some states do not allow exclusion of or limitation of how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply. This limited warranty gives product owner specific legal rights and the product owner may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

For information regarding this limited warranty, contact CMW’s Product Support department, P.O. Box 66, Perry, OK 73077-0066, or contact your local Ditch Witch dealer.

First version: 1/91; Latest version: 7/05

CMW

Flat-Deck Trailers Operator’s Manual Appendix - 65

CMW

Appendix

Chapter Contents

Tire Safety Information

TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION 1.1. STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT LOAD LIMIT – TRAILER Determining the load limits of a trailer includes more than understanding the load limits of the tires alone. On all trailers there is a Federal certification/VIN label that is located on the forward half of the left (road) side of the unit. This certification/VIN label will indicate the trailer’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). This is the most the fully loaded trailer can weigh. It will also provide the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This is the most a particular axle can weigh. If there are multiple axles, the GAWR of each axle will be provided. If your trailer has a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, there is a vehicle placard located in the same location as the certification label described above. This placard provides tire and loading information. In addition, this placard will show a statement regarding maximum cargo capacity. Cargo can be added to the trailer, up to the maximum weight specified on the placard. The combined weight of the cargo is provided as a single number. In any case, remember: the total weight of a fully loaded trailer can not exceed the stated GVWR. When loading your cargo, be sure it is distributed evenly to prevent overloading front to back and side to side. Heavy items should be placed low and as close to the axle positions as reasonable. Too many items on one side may overload a tire. The best way to know the actual weight of the trailer is to weigh it at a public scale. Talk to your dealer to discuss the weighing methods needed to capture the various weights related to the trailer. This would include the weight empty or unloaded, weights per axle, wheel, hitch or king-pin, and total weight. Excessive loads and/or underinflation cause tire overloading and, as a result, abnormal tire flexing occurs. This situation can generate an excessive amount of heat within the tire. Excessive heat may lead to tire failure. It is the air pressure that enables a tire to support the load, so proper inflation is critical. The proper air pressure may be found on the certification/VIN label and/or on the Tire Placard. This value should never exceed the maximum cold inflation pressure stamped on the tire. 1.1.1. TRAILERS 10,000 POUNDS GVWR OR LESS

Tire and Loading Information Placard – Figure 1-1

1. Locate the statement, “The weight of cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.,” on

your trailer’s placard. See figure 1-1. 2. This figure equals the available amount of cargo load capacity. 3. Determine the combined weight of cargo being loaded on the trailer. That weight may not

safely exceed the available cargo load capacity.

The Tire Information Placard is attached adjacent to or near the trailer’s VIN (Certification) label at the left front of the trailer. 1.1.2. TRAILERS OVER 10,000 POUNDS GVWR (NOTE: These trailers are not required to have a tire information placard on the trailer.)

1. Determine the empty weight of your trailer by weighing the trailer using a public scale or other means. This step does not have to be repeated.

2. Locate the GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) of the trailer on your trailer’s VIN (Certification) label.

3. Subtract the empty weight of your trailer from the GVWR stated on the VIN label. That weight is the maximum available cargo capacity of the trailer and must not be exceeded.

1.2. STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT LOAD LIMIT – TOW VEHICLE

1. Locate the statement, “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs.,” on your vehicle’s placard.

2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers who will be riding in your vehicle.

3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.

4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage capacity is 650 lbs. (1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.).

5. Determine the combined weight of cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight must not exceed the available cargo capacity calculated in Step # 4.

6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult the tow vehicle’s manual to determine how this weight transfer reduces the available cargo and luggage capacity of your vehicle.

1.3. GLOSSARY OF TIRE TERMINOLOGY

Bead - the part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is shaped to fit the rim. Bead separation - the breakdown of the bond between components in the bead. Bias ply tire - a pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles substantially less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Carcass - the tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears the load. Chunking - the breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall. Cold inflation pressure - the pressure in the tire before you drive. Cord - the strands forming the plies in the tire. Cord separation - the parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds. Cracking - any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner liner of the tire extending to cord material. Curb weight - the weight of a vehicle with standard equipment. Groove - the space between two adjacent tread ribs. Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) - the maximum weight that any axle can support, as published on the Certification / VIN label on the front left side of the trailer. Actual weight determined by weighing each axle on a public scale, with the trailer attached to the towing vehicle. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - the maximum weight of the fully loaded trailer, as published on the Certification / VIN label. Actual weight determined by weighing trailer on a public scale, without being attached to the towing vehicle. Tongue Weight - the downward force exerted on the hitch ball or lunette by the trailer coupler. Innerliner - the layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium within the tire.

Innerliner separation - the parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass. Light truck (LT) tire - a tire designated by its manufacturer as primarily intended for use on lightweight trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load rating - the maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inflation pressure. Maximum load rating - the load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum permissible inflation pressure - the maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated. Maximum loaded vehicle weight - the sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Outer diameter - the overall diameter of an inflated new tire. Overall width - the linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including elevations due to labeling, decorations, or protective bands or ribs. Ply - a layer of rubber-coated parallel cords. Ply separation - a parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies. Pneumatic tire - a mechanical device made of rubber, chemicals, fabric and steel or other materials, that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, provides the traction and contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load. Radial ply tire - a pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Recommended inflation pressure - the inflation pressure provided by the vehicle manufacturer on the Tire Information label and on the Certification / VIN tag. Rim - a metal support for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated. Rim diameter - the nominal diameter of the bead seat. Rim size designation - the rim diameter and width. Rim type designation - the industry of manufacturer’s designation for a rim by style or code. Rim width - the nominal distance between rim flanges. Sidewall - that portion of a tire between the tread and bead. Sidewall separation - the parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall. Special Trailer (ST) tire - the "ST" is an indication the tire is for trailer use only. Tread - that portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Tread rib - a tread section running circumferentially around a tire. Tread separation - pulling away of the tread from the tire carcass. Treadwear indicators (TWI) - the projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication of the degrees of wear of the tread. Vehicle maximum load on the tire - the load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of the maximum loaded vehicle weight and dividing by two. Vehicle normal load on the tire - the load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of the curb weight and dividing by 2.

1.4. TIRE SAFETY - EVERYTHING RIDES ON IT The National Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has published a brochure (DOT HS 809 361) that discusses all aspects of Tire Safety, as required by CFR 575.6. This brochure is reproduced in part below. It can be obtained and downloaded from NHTSA, free of charge, from the following web site: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/TireSafety/ridesonit/tires_index.html Studies of tire safety show that maintaining proper tire pressure, observing tire and trailer load limits (not carrying more weight in your trailer than your tires or trailer can safely handle), avoiding road hazards, and inspecting tires for cuts, slashes, and other irregularities are the most important things you can do to avoid tire failure, such as tread separation or blowout and flat tires. These actions, along with other care and maintenance activities, can also:

◊ Improve vehicle handling ◊ Help protect you and others from avoidable breakdowns and accidents ◊ Improve fuel economy ◊ Increase the life of your tires.

This booklet presents a comprehensive overview of tire safety, including information on the following topics:

◊ Basic tire maintenance ◊ Uniform Tire Quality Grading System ◊ Fundamental characteristics of tires ◊ Tire safety tips.

Use this information to make tire safety a regular part of your trailer maintenance routine. Recognize that the time you spend is minimal compared with the inconvenience and safety consequences of a flat tire or other tire failure. 1.5. SAFETY FIRST–BASIC TIRE MAINTENANCE Properly maintained tires improve the steering, stopping, traction, and load-carrying capability of your trailer. Underinflated tires and overloaded vehicles are a major cause of tire failure. Therefore, as mentioned above, to avoid flat tires and other types of tire failure, you should maintain proper tire pressure, observe tire and trailer load limits, avoid road hazards, and regularly inspect your tires. 1.5.1. FINDING YOUR TRAILER'S RECOMMENDED TIRE PRESSURE AND LOAD LIMITS Tire information placards and vehicle certification labels contain information on tires and load limits. These labels indicate the vehicle manufacturer's information including:

◊ Recommended tire size ◊ Recommended tire inflation pressure ◊ Vehicle capacity weight ◊ Front and rear gross axle weight ratings

Both placards and certification labels are permanently attached to the trailer near the left front.

1.5.2. UNDERSTANDING TIRE PRESSURE AND LOAD LIMITS Tire inflation pressure is the level of air in the tire that provides it with load-carrying capacity and affects the overall performance of the trailer. The tire inflation pressure is a number that indicates the amount of air pressure– measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kpa) –a tire requires to be properly inflated. This number based on the trailer's design load limit, that is, the greatest amount of weight a trailer can safely carry and the tire size. The proper tire pressure for your trailer is referred to as the "recommended cold inflation pressure." (As you will read below, it is difficult to obtain the recommended tire pressure if your tires are not cold.) Because tires are designed to be used on more than one type of vehicle, tire manufacturers list the "maximum permissible inflation pressure" on the tire sidewall. This number is the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire under normal driving conditions. 1.5.3. CHECKING TIRE PRESSURE It is important to check your trailer's tire pressure at least once a month for the following reasons:

◊ Most tires may naturally lose air over time. ◊ Tires can lose air suddenly if you drive over a pothole or other object or if you strike the

curb when parking. ◊ With radial tires, it is usually not possible to determine underinflation by visual inspection.

For convenience, purchase a tire pressure gauge to keep with your trailer. Gauges can be purchased at tire dealerships, auto supply stores, and other retail outlets. The recommended tire inflation pressure that manufacturers provide reflects the proper psi when a tire is cold. The term cold does not relate to the outside temperature. Rather, a cold tire is one that has not been driven on for at least three hours. When you drive, your tires get warmer, causing the air pressure within them to increase. Therefore, to get an accurate tire pressure reading, you must measure tire pressure when the tires are cold or compensate for the extra pressure in warm tires. 1.5.4. STEPS FOR MAINTAINING PROPER TIRE PRESSURE

Step 1: Locate the recommended tire pressure on the trailer's tire information placard, certification label, or in the owner's manual. Step 2: Record the tire pressure of all tires. Step 3: If the tire pressure is too high in any of the tires, slowly release air by gently pressing on the tire valve stem with the edge of your tire gauge until you get to the correct pressure. Step 4: If the tire pressure is too low, note the difference between the measured tire pressure and the correct tire pressure. These "missing" pounds of pressure are what you will need to add. Step 5: Add the missing pounds of air pressure to each tire that is underinflated. Step 6: Check all the tires to make sure they have the same air pressure (except in cases in which the front and rear tires are supposed to have different amounts of pressure).

If you have been towing your trailer and think that a tire is underinflated, fill it to the recommended cold inflation pressure indicated on your trailer's tire information placard or certification label. While your tire may still be slightly underinflated due to the extra pounds of pressure in the warm tire, it is safer to drive with air pressure that is slightly lower than the recommended cold inflation pressure than to drive with a significantly underinflated tire. Since this is a temporary fix, don't forget to recheck and adjust the tire's pressure when you can obtain a cold reading.

1.5.5. TIRE SIZE To maintain tire safety, purchase new tires that are the same size as the trailer's original tires or another size recommended by the manufacturer. Look at the tire information placard, the owner's manual, or the sidewall of the tire you are replacing to find this information. If you have any doubt about the correct size to choose, consult with your dealer. 1.5.6. TIRE TREAD The tire tread provides the gripping action and traction that prevent your trailer from slipping or sliding, especially when the road is wet or icy. In general, tires are not safe and should be replaced when the tread is worn down to 1/16 of an inch. Tires have built-in treadwear indicators that let you know when it is time to replace your tires. These indicators are raised sections spaced intermittently in the bottom of the tread grooves. When they appear "even" with the outside of the tread, it is time to replace your tires. Another method for checking tread depth is to place a penny in the tread with Lincoln's head upside down and facing you. If you can see the top of Lincoln's head, you are ready for new tires. 1.5.7. TIRE BALANCE AND WHEEL ALIGNMENT To avoid vibration or shaking of the trailer when a tire rotates, the tire must be properly balanced. This balance is achieved by positioning weights on the wheel to counterbalance heavy spots on the wheel-and-tire assembly. A wheel alignment adjusts the angles of the wheels so that they are positioned correctly relative to the trailer's frame. This adjustment maximizes the life of your tires. These adjustments require special equipment and should be performed by a qualified technician. 1.5.8. TIRE REPAIR The proper repair of a punctured tire requires a plug for the hole and a patch for the area inside the tire that surrounds the puncture hole. Punctures through the tread can be repaired if they are not too large, but punctures to the sidewall should not be repaired. Tires must be removed from the rim to be properly inspected before being plugged and patched. 1.5.9. TIRE FUNDAMENTALS Federal law requires tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. This information identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire and also provides a tire identification number for safety standard certification and in case of a recall. 1.5.9.1. UTQGS Information Treadwear Number - indicates the tire's wear rate. The higher the treadwear number is, the longer it should take for the tread to wear down. For example, a tire graded 400 should last twice as long as a tire graded 200. Traction Letter - indicates a tire's ability to stop on wet pavement. A higher graded tire should allow you to stop your car on wet roads in a shorter distance than a tire with a lower grade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as "AA","A", "B", and "C". Temperature Letter - indicates a tire's resistance to heat. The temperature grade is for a tire that is inflated properly and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat build-up and possible tire failure. From highest to lowest, a tire's resistance to heat is graded as "A", "B", or "C".

1.5.9.2. Information on Light Truck Tires Please refer to the diagram below.

Tires for light trucks have other markings besides those found on the sidewalls of passenger tires. LT - indicates the tire is for light trucks or trailers. ST - indicates the tire is for trailer use only. Max. Load Dual kg (lbs) at kPa (psi) Cold - indicates the maximum load and tire pressure when the tire is used as a dual, that is, when four tires are put on each axle. Max. Load Single kg (lbs) at kPa (psi) Cold - indicates the maximum load and tire pressure when the tire is used as a single. Load Range - identifies the tire's load-carrying capabilities and its inflation limits. 1.6. TIRE SAFETY TIPS Preventing Tire Damage

◊ Slow down if you have to go over a pothole or other object in the road. ◊ Do not run over curbs or other foreign objects in the roadway, and try not to strike the

curb when parking. Tire Safety Checklist

◊ Check tire pressure regularly (at least once a month), including the spare (if equipped). ◊ Inspect tires for uneven wear patterns on the tread, cracks, foreign objects, or other signs

of wear or trauma. ◊ Remove bits of glass and foreign objects wedged in the tread. ◊ Make sure your tire valves have valve caps. ◊ Check tire pressure before going on a long trip. ◊ Do not overload your trailer. Check the Tire Information and Loading Placard or Owner’s

Manual for the maximum recommended load for the trailer.

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