opge oglinzi

7/28/2019 OPGE oglinzi

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*Scurt istoricn epoca de piatr (pe teritoriul actual al Turciei) i n epoca

precolumbian (n Peru i n Mexic), oglinzile primitive au fost realizate dinpiatrlustruitiumezit pentru a fi mai lucioase.

Oglind aztec din obsidian


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Grecii i romanii foloseau oglinzi din bronz lustruit ca icelii.

Din epoca fierului, dateaz primele oglinzi celtice de bronz.

Oglind greceasc Oglind roman
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Romano-Celtic_mirror_%28Desborough%29.jpg


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n China i Egipt, primele oglinzi dateaz de aproximativ 5000 deani. Aceste dou ri au constituit i centre de expansiune ctre rilenvecinate irile cu care aveau schimburi economice.

Oglinzi Pa kua folosite nfengshui

Oglinzi antice de bronz

Ba Gua


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Oglinzi egiptene de bronz
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_RTswKzWDHeM/SOe0TJjKr-I/AAAAAAAADpU/ZdJ1pY3taaw/s1600-h/1773700164_3d9b48b3c1_o.jpg


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Oglind tibetan Oglinzi japoneze

Oglind

iranian

Oglind african Oglind etruscZei indian cu oglind
http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/images/objects/size3/88.92.jpghttp://www.worldfolkart.org/product.php?id=2483&cat_id=35&sub_id=269http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Mirror_Judgement_of_Paris_Louvre_Bj1734.jpg


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Se presupune c Arhimede s-a folosit de oglinzi concave pentrua incendia flota roman folosind cldura Soarelui; actual, seconsidercoglinzile au fost folosite doar ca si dezorienteze cu

ajutorul luminii Soarelui.


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oglinzi concave oglinzi convexe

Tipuri de oglinzi

Oglinda sferic reprezint o calot sferic lucioas, ce reflect razele delumin.

Definiia oglinzii sferice


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axa opticprincipal = dreapta ce trece prin centrul de curburi vrful oglinzii

axa opticsecundar = orice dreapt ce trece prin centrul de curbur

C

F

axa optic

principal

R

V

Ccentrul de curbur =

centrul sferei din care face

parte oglinda

V vrful oglinzii = mijlocul

calotei sferice Ffocarul oglinzii (se gsete

la mijlocul segmentului CV )

Rraza de curbur =

raza sferei din care face

parte calota sferic

oglinda sferic


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C CV VFF

F

Focarul principal, F Focar secundar, F

M

N

M

N

Focarul real = punctul n care se ntlnesc razele de lumindup reflexiape oglinda sfericdac razele iniiale au fost paralele cu axa optic. Planulfocal MN conine toate focarele i este perpendicular pe axa opticprincipal.

Plan focal

f


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C CF

F

FV V

Focarul principal, F Focar secundar, F

M M

N N

Focarul virtual = punctul n care se ntlnesc prelungirile razelor delumindup reflexia pe oglinda sfericdac razele iniiale au fost paralelecu axa optic.

Distanafocal: f = R/2

f


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P

C F V

P

P punctul obiectP punctul imagine

puncteconjugate

D

D diametrul (deschiderea) oglinzii

Orice punct din obiect poate fi considerat ca vrful unui fasciculdivergent.

Imagine stigmatic => Oricrui punct obiect i corespunde un singur punctimagine.

n practicexist doar stigmatism aproximativ.

, unghiurile fcute cu axaOx de ctre razele marginale alefasciculelor de lumin

Stigmatismul aproximativ se poate obine dac se aplic aproximaiagaussian: fasciculele de lumin trebuie s fie fascicule paraxiale, adic sfie foarte nguste, nvecinate axei optice principale i foarte puin nclinatefa de axa optic. =>

=> , foarte mici (< 6); D


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P

P

C

F

V

- x1- x2

A

A

+ y1

- y2

y

O x

Pe Ox, distanele se msoar de la vrf la obiect, resp. imagine. Dac:1)distana x se msoar n sensul axei Ox => x>0; 2)distana x semsoar n sens invers axei Ox =>x y>0; 2)n sens inversaxei Oy =>y>0.


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ii

P P

C F

y

O

V

- x1

x

- x2

P punctul obiectP punctul imagine

Aplicaie:Dac obiectul se gsete la infinit(razele ce vin de la obiect sunt paralelecu axa optic principal), imaginea seformeaz n forcar => => -x

1 => x

2= R/2

Dar razele ce vin paralele cu axa opticprincipal se strng n focar => x2 = fRezultc:

f = R/2

Formula punctelor conjugate:


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i

i

P

P

C

F

y

O

V

- x1

x

- x2

A

A

+ y1

- y2

y1mrimea obiectuluiy2mrimea imaginii

Mrirea transversal liniarreprezint raportul dintre mrimeaimaginii imrimea obiectului:

= y2 / y1

Cazuri:1) Obiect real (aezat drept) i imaginereal => >0.

A doua formul fundamental a

oglinzii:


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Convergena oglinzii reprezint inversul distanei focale:C = 1/f

(semnul minus este necesar pentru a obine acelai semn n ambiitermenii).

Oglinda concav( R < 0 => f < 0 ) este un sistem optic convergent pentru

ctransform fasciculul paralel de lumin ntr-un fascicul convergent => C> 0 .

Oglinda convex( R > 0 => f > 0 ) este un sistem optic divergent pentructransform fasciculul paralel de lumin ntr-un fascicul divergent => C x2 >R/2 i y2 < y1 ; y2 < 0 )
http://www.doflick.com/ViewVideo.aspx?vId=281


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B

B C

F

y

O

V

- x1 = - x2

x

A

A

+ y1

- y2

Imaginea se formeaz n centrul de curbur (la dublul distanei focale); este

real, rsturnat i egal cu obiectul.

( x2 =R i y2 = y1 ; y2 < 0 )


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BB

C

F

y

O

V

- x1

x

A

A

+ y1

- y2

- x2

Imaginea se formeaz dincolo de centrul de curbur (dublul distanei focale);

este real, rsturnat i mai mare dect obiectul.

( x2 >R i y2 > y1; y2 < 0 )


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B

C F

y

O

V

- x1

x

A

+ y1

Imaginea se formeaz la ; este infinit de mare.

( x2 =R i y2 )


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B

B

C

F

y

O

V

- x1

x

A

A

+ y1

+ y2

+ x2

Imaginea se formeaz n spatele oglinzii; este virtual, dreapt i mai mare

dect obiectul.

(x2> 0 i y2 > y1; y2 > 0 )


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A

B

B

A

V F C

- x1 + x2

+ y1+ y2

Imaginea se formeaz n spatele oglinzii; este virtual, dreapt i mai mic

dect obiectul.(x

2

> 0 i y2

< y1

; y2

> 0 )
http://www.surendranath.org/Applets/Optics/ReflRefrCurv/CurvSurfApplet.htmlhttp://pagesperso-orange.fr/gilbert.gastebois/java/optique/optique.html


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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Romano-Celtic_mirror_(Desborough).jpg

http://encarta.msn.com/media_461518557/celtic_mirror_of_the_iron_age.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mirror_Judgement_of_Paris_Louvre_Bj1734.jpg

http://furnitureforkidz.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=69

http://grhomeboy.wordpress.com/2008/03/23/olympic-torch-to-be-lit-by-sun-rays-

tomorrow/

http://headforred.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.html

http://images.channeladvisor.com/Sell/SSProfiles/22001047/Images/10/1331tl.jpghttp://infoniac.com

http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/29sky.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/08aug/01606/citation.

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/lightandcolor/reflection.html

http://morewaystowastetime.blogspot.com/2007_08_01_archive.html

http://mysticmedusa.com/2009/03/30/holy-venus-retrograde/http://odyssey.nl/360_camera.php

http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/64do0rACcE3CEQFRirsPqwhttp://media.phot

obucket.com/image/Allen%20array%20online/richardwlubrichjr/TheAllenTelescopeArra

y.jpg


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http://rebeccasramsey.blogspot.com/2008/10/mirror-mirror-on-wall.html

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anish_Kapoorhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oglind%C4%83

http://sips03.narahaku.go.jp/exhib/2008toku/shosoin/shosoin-03_e.htm

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/reflection/reflection55.html

http://sqs.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/06/22/me_in_convex_mirror_at_st

onebridge.jpg

http://www.adelaideconvexmirrors.com.au/img/big_int_hduty01.jpghttp://www.anishkapoor.com/

http://www.astronomy.ro/forum/viewtopic.php?p=39569

http://www.azuregreen.com/images/P/RM786.JPG

http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/115953http://www.factmo

nster.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/reflection.html

http://www.bsw-energie.de/fwassin.htmhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1177103/Turning-life-upside-Artist-

creates-fantastical-landscape-giant-concave-mirror.html

http://www.doflick.com/ViewVideo.aspx?vId=281

http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photography-mirrored-spherical-

building-reflects-in-water-image6870857

http://www.e-venise.com/shopping-miroirs-venise.htm


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http://www.fchevalier.fr/2008/04/le-cinma-sexpos.html

http://www.freefoto.com/preview/807-19-895?ffid=807-19-895http://www.flickr.com/photos/el_ramon/363541337/

http://www.geekologie.com/mt/mt-search.cgi?tag=balls&blog_id=1

http://www.gizmodo.fr/?s=parabolique

http://www.historywiz.com/galleries/greekimages.html

http://www.jdarriulat.net/Essais/TableauMiroir.html

http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/museum/slidingstage.htmlhttp://www.newyorkology.com/archives/2006/09/sky_mirror_at_r.php

http://www.orbit.zkm.de/?q=node/143

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/archive/200602A45.html

http://www.playring.co.uk/products/cat/1/sub/1

http://www.rennicks.com/pct223x156.html

http://www.roe.ac.uk/atc/projects/wfcam/technical/optical_pics.htmlhttp://www.sankokan.jp/en/collection/a_china.html

http://www.snof.org/art/miroirconvex.html

http://www.teachersource.com/LightAndColor/MirrorsLensesAndPrisms/FrontSurface

ConcaveAndConvexMirror.aspx

http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=545

http://www.venetianmirrorcentre.com/handmade-murano-mirror-p-215.html

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