opportunities for energy savings and generation in wwtps. recep kaan dereli... · 2021. 4. 16. ·...
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Opportunities for Energy Savingsand Generation in WWTPs
Dr Recep Kaan DERELI
15.04.2021
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Wastewater Treatment
• The main objective of WW treatment is to remove pollutants inwastewater to minimize its impact on environment and human health.
• A WWTP is a combination of several unit processes (pumping, aeration,mixing, heating).
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Activated Sludge
• Activated Sludge Process is the most widely used system for biologicaltreatment of wastewater (Edward Ardern and W.T. Lockett, 1913).
• It is basically an aerobic biological process in which the organic matter inwastewater is oxidized by microbial metabolism.
• It principally requires a high amount of oxygen which is supplied byaeration equipment that consumes electricity.
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Activated Sludge - Aeration
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Aeration typically consumes about 20-60% of the whole energy in WWTPs
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Energy Usage in WWTPs
• In Europe, WWTPs typically consume about 1% of the totalelectricity consumption of a city.
• Electricity consumption of all 10.200 WWTP in Germany ca.4.4 TWh/year which corresponds to0.7% of the total electricity consumption in Germany.
• Municipal wastewater treatment systems in the U.S. useapproximately 30.2 TWh per year, or about 0.8% of totalelectricity use in the U.S. 5
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Energy Efficiency in WWTPs
• Wastewater treatment has been evolving from basic sanitation to a resource recovery concept.
• Today, it is even possible to operate WWTPs with energy neutrality and to recover several products (water, nutrients, biopolymers and biogas) out of sewage.
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EnergyConsumption
EnergyProduction
100%
40%
EnergySurplus
DWA-A 216E, 2015
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Road to Energy Autonomy in WWTPs
Energy Efficiency Energy Recovery
• More efficient electromechanical equipment (pump, blower, centrifuge, etc.)
• More efficient aeration (e.g. membranes, vortex aerators)
• Process optimization (e.g. SRT, recycle flows, mixing)
• Process modification (e.g. AGS, PN/Anammox, low DO BNR)
• Instrumentation, automation and control (e.g. VFD, sensors, DO control)
• Carbon capture and diversion to AD
• More efficient AD of sludge (Thermal/US disintegration)
• Codigestion (Food waste, FOG)
• More efficient energy recovery units (CHP, SOFC)
• Heat pumps
• Sludge incineration
• Micro-hydro power
• Power H2 CH47
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Reducing Aeration Energy
Membrane Aeration• Bubbleless diffusion of O2
through a polymeric membrane
• Up to 95% O2 transfer efficiency
• A unique biofilm growth
• Improved nitrification
Vortex Aeration• Increased mass transfer of O2
with a cyclonic flow
• Aeration and mixing in a single system
• Potential to recover 30% of the energy used
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Re-visiting gas transfer efficiency
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Co-digestion
• AD is the core process that leads to energy self-sufficiency.
• Sludge digesters in WWTPs are generally oversized and low loaded reactors.
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Co-digestion
• Co-digestion can significantly boost methaneproduction.
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Grüneck WWTP, Germany (Macintosh et al. (2019), Applied Energy, vol. 242, 797-808)
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Power H2 CH4
Power to Hydrogen
• 4𝐻2𝑂 + 𝑒− → 4𝐻2 + 2𝑂2
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Hydrogen to Methane
• 4𝐻2 + 𝐶𝑂2 → 𝐶𝐻4 +𝐻2𝑂
Power to Biomethane
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Power H2 CH4
• Power to biomethane can kill several birds with a stone• Boost methane production
• Biogas upgrading and enrichment
• Storage of excess renewable energy
• CO2 capture
• Utilization of already existing pipelines and infrastructure
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This publication has emanated from research conducted with thefinancial support of Science Foundation Ireland under the SFI StrategicPartnership Programme Grant Number SFI/15/SPP/E3125. Theopinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflectthe views of the Science Foundation Ireland.
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