opportunities for sustainable development
TRANSCRIPT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Narayan G. Hegde
BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune
www.baif.org.in
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES
• Poverty • Unemployment • Inequality Food security and Malnutrition Basic Services Safe Drinking Water Housing • Education • Health Care and Diseases • Pollution and Natural Calamities • Other Local problems
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development
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Status Public Charitable Trust, Research Institution Contributions exempt from Income Tax U/s 35.1.ii Coverage : 5 million Poor families in 100,000 villages
Salient Features: Secular, Non-political, 4500 Professionals
Annual Budget (2013-14): USD 30 million BAIF’s Mission
To create opportunities of gainful self-employment for the rural
families, especially disadvantaged sections, ensuring sustainable
livelihood, enriched environment, improved quality of life and good
human values. This is being achieved through development, research,
effective use of local resources, extension of appropriate technologies
and upgradation of skills and capabilities with community
participation.
BAIF IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Dr. Manibhai Desai, Founder, BAIF
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BAIF IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME COVERAGE OF BAIF
LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMES
On-farm Activities
• Livestock husbandry: Dairy cattle, Buffaloes and Goat
• Watershed Development and Crop Improvement
• Agri-Horti-Forestry and Sericulture
Off-farm Activities
• Cottage Industries, Consumer stores
• Processing of Food and Forest Products
• Production of building materials
• Employment Promotion in Non-farm Sector
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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL FARMERS
• 70 million small and marginal farmers own 70% livestock
• Generating 16.5 million employment
• Milk production in 2012-13: 131.0 M.T. (17 % World’s Production)
• Demand by 2022: 180 million tons/year
• Per capita milk availability : 252 gm (World Av. : 265 gm/ per day)
• Average Milk Production (kg/Lactation)
Cattle : 987
Cattle of Native breeds: 200 – 800
Crossbred Cattle : 1800 – 2500
Buffaloes : 800 - 1000
• Dairy Husbandry:
3 Cows / Buffaloes yielding 8 litres /day,
generate an annual income of
Rs. 35,000 – 45,000
(Gestation: 3.5 to 4 years)
• Sheep and Goats:
8 – 10 goats generate an annual income of
Rs. 25,000 – 30,000 (Gestation: 12 - 18 months)
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Sustainable Development
LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT
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REACHING THE POOR DAIRY DEVELOPMENT BY BAIF
Coverage of a Centre
• 12-15 villages; 1500 families; • 1500-2000 Cows/ Buffaloes • A.I. at doorsteps; Focus on small farmers
• Conservation of native breeds
• Support services: Vaccination, Minor Vet care,
Advice on feeding and Forage production
• Development of Local Organisations
Outcome
• No. of Centres: 4000 in 16 states, covering
4.0 million families in 100,000 villages
• No. of A.I. carried out: 3.5 million/year
• Cows/Buffaloes in Milk Production: 2 million
• Value of Milk produced: $ 1.4 Billion/year
• Programme is Self-Sustainable in 5 years
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Production of high yielding progeny by breeding uneconomical animals Sustainable Development
Gir
Sahiwal Tharparkar
Red Sindhi
INDIAN MILCH BREEDS
Sustainable Development 10 February 13, 2015
BUFFALO BREEDS
Murrah : High milk yield
Jafrabadi : High fat content
Surti : Small animals
Jafrabadi
Murrah
Surti Sustainable Development 11 February 13, 2015
FODDER ON FIELD BUNDS
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PRODUCTION OF COMPLETE FEED BLOCKS
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IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT
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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Issues
•Rainwater use efficiency: 30-40%
•35% cropping area under irrigation with 35-65% efficiency
•Over exploitation of ground water
•Pollution of major rivers and ground water
•70% Rural drinking water does not meet WHO quality standards
Action
• Holistic watershed Development
• Land use plan based on soil
productivity and water resources
• Soil and water conservation
• Efficient water use and selection
of suitable crops / varieties
• Promotion of water users’ groups
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WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT • Increase in 20-25% cropping intensity
and 30-80% in crop yields;
• Recharging of ground water table and
Assured drinking water supply;
• Production of forage for livestock and
Additional employment generation;
• Introduction of high value crops:
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IMPROVED AGRICULTURE
• Sustainable agriculture • Efficient use of water • High value crops • Contract farming in Peri-urban areas • Assurance of food safety • Direct marketing
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SERICULTURE
Shishuka for transport of hatchings
Opportunities for Gainful Self-Employment
Mulberry plantation
Silkworm rearing Sustainable Development 18 February 13, 2015
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REFORESTATION
AGRI-HORTI-FORESTRY FOR REHABILITATION OF TRIBALS
Issues
• Tribal people are 10% of total
population: 120 million
• Livelihood seriously affected by deforestation and habitat in remote areas
• Education and health care even lower than in Rural India
• Distress Migration
• Exploitation
• Living in chronic poverty
Action
• Agri–Horti–Forestry for sustainable livelihood
• Water resources development
• Livestock development
• Capacity building of Women
• Community Health initiatives
• Literacy drive
• Processing and Marketing of Produce
• Development of People’s Organisations
Impact
• Sustainable livelihood
with 0.4 ha orchard
• 50-200% increase in crop
yields in inter-space
• Fruit processing and
Marketing co-operatives
to employ landless
• Reduction in migration
• Improved Health status
• Women empowerment
and better quality of life
• Regeneration of forests
Environmental Sustainability:
• Conservation of forests, biodiversity and environment • Water conservation: Efficient use of water resources
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DEVELOPMENT OF WADI
Reduction in Migration Development of Local Resource Persons
Reverse migration
Production and food and cash crops
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• Poor families earning sustainable livelihood
degraded lands (0.4 ha orchard/ family) • Production of food, fodder, timber, fuel wood
• Generation of non-farm enterprises
• Conservation of nature with self-employment,
benefitting 0.2 million Tribal Families
ORCHARDS ENSURE CONSERVATION OF NATURE WITH POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Before development
After development
Sustainable Development
OUTCOME OF WADI PROGRAMME
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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Hardship Reduction
• Maternal and Child Health; Family Welfare
• Safe Drinking Water Sources
• Energy Sources: Improved wood stoves, Biogas
• Kindergarten and School facilities
Gender Equity
• Sensitisation of Men
• Equal share in Family Assets
• Ability to negotiate and take effective decisions
Capacity Building
• Exposure visits: micro-credit; Rural Development • Self Help Groups to mobilise savings and credit
• Develop Corpus and Community assets
• Involvement of community in Planning and Development
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
Trained mid wife
Traditional healer
Activities • Safe drinking water • Sanitation, Hygiene, Awareness • Primary medical care • Revival of traditional systems of medicine • Maternal and child health, family welfare • Nutrition mix for children and women
Outcome • Safe drinking water all round the year • Trained volunteers as health guides • Health centres by Traditional healers • Reduction in child mortality • Reduction in family size
Health Guide
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ROLE OF CSOS • Organising small farmers into Users’ / Producers’ Groups
• Identification of socio-economic problems of farmers
• Planning for need based development activities
• Capacity building
• Development of necessary infrastructure
• Micro-finance and linkage with financial institutions
• Special efforts to include the poor in development
• Linkage with various development agencies
• Value chain development: Backward and Forward linkages
• Mentoring and trouble shooting
• Orientation for Improving the Quality of Life