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Optimizing IP Address Allocation

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Page 1: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Optimizing IP Address Allocation

Page 2: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Overview

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR )

Binary IP Addresses

Binary Subnet Masks

IP Address Allocation Using CIDR

Page 3: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Limitations of Classful IP Addressing

Defining CIDR

Page 4: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Limitations of Classful IP Addressing

Wastes IP Addresses

Network of 2000 ComputersAssigned 65,534 IP Addresses

63,534Wasted

2000Allocated

Class B

ww xx yy zz

Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

255255 0 0255255

Adds Multiple Entries to Routing Tables

Class C

ww xx yy zz

Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID0255255 255255 255255

192.168.1.0192.168.1.0

192.168.2.0192.168.2.0

192.168.3.0192.168.3.0

192.168.4.0192.168.4.0

192.168.5.0192.168.5.0

192.168.6.0192.168.6.0

192.168.7.0192.168.7.0

192.168.8.0192.168.8.0

Portion of Internet Routing Tables192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.1192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1192.168.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.7.1192.168.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.8.1

Company Network IDsInternet

Page 5: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Defining CIDR

ww xx yy zz10.217.123.710.217.123.7

00001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

IP Address in Dotted Decimal Notation

Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

32 Values

4 Values

IP Address in Binary Notation

Page 6: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Binary IP Addresses

Converting to Binary Format

Converting to Binary Format Using a Calculator

Page 7: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Converting to Binary Format

8 Bits

Decimal Value 255

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

128128 6464 3232 1616 88 44 22 11

Decimal Notation (Base 10)

104104 103103 102102 101101 100100

10,00010,000 1,0001,000 100100 1010 11

Example

00 22 11 77

0*1040*104 2*1032*103 1*1021*102 7*1017*101

00 200200 1010 77

217217

Binary Notation (Base 2)

2727 2626 2525 2424 2323 2222 2121 2020

Example

11 11 00 11 11 00 00 11

1*1281*128 1*641*64 0*320*32 1*161*16 1*81*8 0*40*4 0*20*2 1*11*1

128128 6464 3232 1616 88 44 22 11

128128 6464 00 1616 88 00 00 11

217217

Page 8: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Calculator

Edit View Help

Hex Dec Oct Bin Degrees Radians Grads

Inv Hyp Backspace CE C

Sta

Ave

Sum

s

Dat

Sta F-E

dms

sin

cos

tan

[ ]

Exp In

x^y log

x^3

x^2

nl

1/x pi

M+

MS

MR

MC 7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

0 +/- .

A B C D E F

/

*

-

+ =

Lsh

Or

Mod And

Xor

Not

Int

0.

Converting to Binary Format Using a Calculator

HexDecimalOctalBinary

DegreesRadiansGrads

Digit grouping

F5F6F7F8

F2F3F4

Scientific

Standard

Page 9: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Binary Subnet Masks

Subnet Mask Bits

CIDR Notation

Calculating the Network ID

Determining Local and Remote Hosts

Page 10: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Subnet Mask Bits

Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 000 0 000 0

ww xx yy zz 10 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 7

255 . 255 . 255 . 0 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Binary RepresentationBinary RepresentationBinary RepresentationBinary Representation Decimal RepresentationDecimal RepresentationDecimal RepresentationDecimal Representation

1111111111111111 255255

1111111011111110 254254

1111110011111100 252252

1111100011111000 248248

1111000011110000 240240

1110000011100000 224224

1100000011000000 192192

1000000010000000 128128

0000000000000000 00

Page 11: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

CIDR Notation

IPAddress

Subnet Mask

Number of Subnet Mask Bits (ones)

IP Address in CIDR Notation

255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 0 255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 011111111 11111111 11110000 0000000011111111 11111111 11110000 00000000

10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 700001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 208 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20

10.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/20

Page 12: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Calculating the Network ID

IPAddress

Subnet Mask

NetworkID

Network ID in CIDR Notation 10.217.112.0/2010.217.112.0/2010.217.112.0/2010.217.112.0/20

255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 0 255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 011111111 11111111 11110000 0000000011111111 11111111 11110000 00000000

10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 700001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

00001010 11011001 01110000 0000000000001010 11011001 01110000 00000000

IP Address in CIDR Notation: 10.217.123.7/20

Page 13: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Determining Local and Remote Hosts

Local Host Example

1111 2222

RouterRouter

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

FF

00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011 00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011

10.217.123.7/10 10.217.123.7/10

10.218.102.31/10 10.218.102.31/10

Remote Host Example

1111 2222

RouterRouter

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

FF

00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011 00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011

10.218.102.31/2010.218.102.31/20

00001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

10.217.123.7/ 2010.217.123.7/ 20

Page 14: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

IP Address Allocation Using CIDR

Available Host IDs

Optimizing the Allocation of IP Addresses

Page 15: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Available Host IDs

Number of Host IDs : 2n - 2

Subnet Mask

N

Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

1111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 000 0 000000 000 0

Page 16: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Optimizing the Allocation of IP Addresses

Routing Table for Router B220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.169.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.170.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.171.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.172.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.173.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.174.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.175.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1

Before Supernetting:

RouteRouter Ar A

220.78.168.0220.78.168.0

220.78.169.0220.78.169.0

220.78.170.0220.78.170.0

220.78.171.0220.78.171.0

220.78.172.0220.78.172.0

220.78.173.0220.78.173.0

220.78.174.0220.78.174.0

220.78.175.0220.78.175.0

Router BRouter B

Routing Table for Router B

220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1

Router BRouter B220.78.168.0220.78.168.0 Router ARouter A

After Supernetting:

After Subnetting

Router BRouter B

220.78.168.0220.78.168.0

220.78.168.64220.78.168.64

220.78.168.128220.78.168.128

220.78.168.192220.78.168.192

220.78.169.0220.78.169.0

220.78.169.64220.78.169.64

220.78.169.128220.78.169.128

220.78.169.192220.78.169.192

RouterA

RouterA

220.78.170.0220.78.170.0

220.78.170.64220.78.170.64

Routing Table for Router B

220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1

Page 17: Optimizing IP Address Allocation. Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using

Review

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR )

Binary IP Addresses

Binary Subnet Masks

IP Address Allocation Using CIDR


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