optiway optimization
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Optiway’s SystemOptimization
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All-Access Product
Power Sharing
Power Balancing
UMTS / GSM Co-Existance
Up-Link Noise Rise
Content:
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Power Loss # of Carriers
0 [dB] 1
-3 [dB]2
-5 [dB]3
-6 [dB]4
-7 [dB]5
-8 [dB]6
8
Dividing Power / Carriers
Example:
A Cellular Operator makes use of 1800MHz GSM. He activates 4 TRx’s, each of the same power.
Optiway’s All_Access Branch Unit can transmit DL max. total power of +30dBm.
So, each TRx is individually transmitted as -6dB of the total power, that is: +24dBm.
Optiway’s
Root Unit
Optiway’s
Branch Unit4 TRX’s
+30dBmTotal
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IBW Passive Coax Installation
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AllAccess Installation
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מירס
IDENUL
פל פון
CDMA850UL
סלקום
TDMA850UL
IDENמירסDL
פל פון
CDMA850DL
סלקום
TDMA850DL
810.9-812.9,813-820.975 855.9-857.9,858-865.975
8 0 6
8 2 4
8 3 5
8 2 5
8 4 5
8 4 7
8 5 1
8 6 9
8 7 0
8 8 0
8 9 0
8 9 2
Duplexer’s tough requirements !
Filtering Neighbors' Bands
All Frequencies: in [MHz]
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Branch_Unit
Root_Unit
LNA AmpLASER
LNA
BTS
AntennaAmp
Ph.DiodeAmp LNA
LNAAmpLASER
WavelengthDivision
Multiplexer
WavelengthDivision
Multiplexer
Ph.Diode
Duplexer
Duplexer
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All-Access: Basic Block Diagram
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LNA AmpBTS
Amp LNA
Duplexer
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LNA AmpBTS
Amp LNA
Duplexer
LNA AmpBTS
Amp LNA
Duplexer
800MHziDEN
850MHzCDMA+TDMA
900MHzGSM
Root_Unit:
Root-Unit’s FE : Basic Block Diagram
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LNA Amp
Amp LNA
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LNA Amp
Amp LNA
LNA Amp
+
Amp LNA
800MHziDEN
850MHzCDMA+TDMA
900MHzGSM
Root_Unit:
2100MHzUMTS
Extended 800* Band
Disadvantages:
•Mutual Management•Aggregated Output DL Power
Simplex Option
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Branch_Unit
Root_Unit
LNA AmpLASER
LNA
BTS
AntennaAmp
Ph.DiodeAmp LNA
LNAAmpLASER
WavelengthDivision
Multiplexer
WavelengthDivision
Multiplexer
Ph.Diode
Duplexer
Duplexer
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Management: Config. and Monitoring
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Optiway’s
Root Unit
Pelephone’s BTS:
(W)CDMA 850+2100
Optiway’s
Branch Unit
MIRS’ BTS:
iDEN 800+2100
Cellcom’s RTS:
GSM 850+1800+2100
1800
2100
800
850
Quad Band
4 Ports 4 Bands
Combining Options
Output DLPower Loss
# ofTechnologies
per Band
0 [dB] 1-3 [dB]2
-5 [dB]3
-6 [dB]4
+30dBmTotal Power
per Band
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1
2
10logBell1 P
P
1
2
10log*101Belldeci1 P
P dB
Ampl.P1 P2
Alexander Graham Bell
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1
2
10[dB] log*101 P
P Ampl.
P1 P2
0.010.152100101P2 /P1
-20-107320100dB
[mW]
[mW]
10[dBm]
1log*101
P ???
1[mW] P
0.010.152100101P[mW]
-20-107320100dBm
46.70.152100101P [W]
46.7203733504030dBm
dB vs. dBm
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Power [dBm] & Gain/Attenuation: Concatenation
Mobile Receive RF Level : [dBm]
=-27[dBm]-81.6[dB]+12[dBi]-0.4[dB]+43[dBm]
Tx
Antenna Gain:
12dBi
Cable Loss:
0.4dB
Out
Link Loss:
81.6dB
Antenna Gain:
0dBi
Output RF DL Power:
+43dBm
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Power [dBm] : – Adding & Subtracting
[dBm]3=[dBm]+[dBm]0
[dBm]30=[dBm]+[dBm]27
[dBm]20.4=[dBm]+[dBm]20
[dBm]28.4=[dBm]+[dBm]28
Subtracting : [dBm]
[dBm]9=[dBm]3-[dBm]10
[dBm]27=[dBm]27-[dBm]30
[dBm]19.54=[dBm]10-[dBm]20
[dBm]-infinity=[dBm]0-[dBm]0
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(cm)f (MHz)
100300
35.2850
31.6950
301000
152000
13.952150
30
Free-Space Wave Length
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½”7 /8”1 ¼”1 5 /8”
6.493.682.622.17TDMA @824MHz
9.915.734.153.47GSM @1800MHz
10.56.094.433.71UMTS @2000MHz
11.076.444.513.97UMTS @2200MHz
RF Coaxial Cables - Losses
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ההספק •
Ptמנקודה חת,משודר יזוטרופי
– .לכל המרח
הו, Rשטח פני כדור רדיוס • :4
R 2
:מהמקו Rמרחק(Poynting)צפיפות ההספק •
• נק ל,Aם נקלוט עזרת נטנה עלת מפתח פקטי י
:ות נקל
Aהמפתח ה פקטי י •:Gקשור לש ח ה נטנה,של ה נטנ
:כ שר
S A*Pr
p
l
4
* 2G A
f
C l
R
32
Watt
2m
2
m
Watt
2m
m
Electromagnetic Waves Propagation
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:הו ,הנקלPrההספק •
:
(10 logן דצי לים :)
Pr [dBm]= Pt [dBm]+Gt [dB]+Gr [dB] – 32.44 – 20 log f [MHz] – 20 log R [Km] [dBm]
Watt
Watt
Path Loss = P.L
Path Loss = P.L [dB] = 32.44 +20 log f [MHz] +20 log R [Km]
33
Electromagnetic Waves Propagation
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34
2Re
r )
*4(**
P
d GG
P ciever r Transmitte
Transmit
eceive
p
l
Free-Space Attenuation (Loss)
-100.0
-90.0
-80.0
-70.0
-60.0
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Attenuation [dB] VS. Distance [m]
Frequencyדו ע רדתMHz2100
G RedBi12ש ח נטנת מקל
G Tr דשמ תנטנ ח שdBi0
(dB)ניחות(מטרי)מרחק
5-40.9
10-46.9
15-50.4
20-52.9
25-54.8
30-56.4
35-57.8
40-58.9
45-60.0
50-60.9
55-61.7
60-62.4
150-70.4
160-71.0
170-71.5
180-72.0
190-72.5
200-72.9
250-74.8
300-76.4
350-77.8
400-78.9
450-80.0
500-80.9
550-81.7
600-82.4
700-83.8
800-84.9
900-86.0
1000-86.9
1100-87.7
1200-88.5
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7008009001800190021002400[MHz]
-10.7 dB-9.54 dB-8.52 dB-2.5 dB-2.0 dB-1.16 dB02400
-9.54 dB-8.38 dB-7.36 dB-1.34 dB-0.87 dB01.16 dB2100
-8.67 dB-7.51 dB-6.5 dB-0.47 dB00.87 dB2.0 dB1900
-8.2 dB-7 dB-6 dB00.47 dB1.34 dB2.5 dB1800
-2.2 dB-1 dB06 dB6.5 dB7.36 dB8.52 dB900
-1.16 dB01 dB7 dB7.51 dB8.38 dB9.54 dB800
01.16 dB2.2 dB8.2 dB8.67 dB9.54 dB10.7 dB700
Power Balancing in wide-band Antenna
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Power Balancing in wide-band Antenna
Example:
A Cellular Operator makes use of 900MHz GSM and 1800MHz GSM and 2100Mhz UMTS,all together in the same antenna (assumed to be wide-band).
He wishes that the RF propagation will remain equal, in spite of the frequency-differences.
So, he will discriminate the power for each Band:
7008009001800190021002400[MHz]
-9.54 dB-8.38 dB-7.36 dB-1.34 dB-0.87 dB01.16 dB2100
He should attenuate the 900MHz GSM by 7.36 [dB] and the 1800MHz GSM by 1.34 [dB],
relative to the 2100Mhz UMTS power.
In this matter, the spatial propagation for each Band will be the same.
9 0 0
M H z
2 1 0 0
M H z
1 8 0 0
M H z
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UMTS Spectrum
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UMTS Spectrum
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UMTS Spectrum – Content
In WCDMA FDD cellular systems, CPICH is a downlink channel broadcast by Node Bs with
constant power and of a known bit sequence.Its power is usually between 5% and 15% of the total Node B transmit power of 43 dBm
-13 [dB]5%Min.:
-10 [dB]10%Typ.:
-8.2 [dB]15%Max.:
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UMTS Carriers
In WCDMA FDD cellular system, each UMTS Carrier is a complete “UMTS World”.
The transition between carriers is called: “Hard Handover”, or “Hard Handoff”.This transition (H/O) is not smooth as it should.
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@ UMTS (W-CDMA)Parameter:@ GSM
BW= 5 MHzBandwidth [BW]BW= 200 KHz
Extra Noise: 67 dB10*log(BW/Hertz)Extra Noise: 53 dB
Processing Gain [PG]-
C/I=(needed) 7 dBCarrier to Interference [C/I]C/I=(needed) 12 dB
+34 dBmBTS regular Output DL Power +43 dBm
dB Rate Bit
RateChip PG 98.2475.314
12200
3840000
_
_
Co-Location: UMTS & GSM
Scenario for Example:
A Cellular Operator makes use of 1900MHz GSM and 1900MHz W-CDMA (UMTS),both in the same system.
He wishes that the RF propagation will remain equal, in spite of the technology-differences.
Let’s assume a voice call, using 12,200 bits/sec AMR vocoder.
Gathering all advantages/disadvatages of these technologies:
UMTS (W-CDMA): -67 + 24.98 – 7 = -49GSM: -53 - 12 = -65
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@ UMTS (W-CDMA)Parameter:@ GSM
BW= 5 MHzBandwidth [BW]BW= 200 KHz
Extra Noise: 67 dB10*log(BW/Hertz)Extra Noise: 53 dB
Processing Gain [PG]-
C/I=(needed) 7 dBCarrier to Interference [C/I]C/I=(needed) 12 dB
+34 dBmBTS regular Output DL Power +43 dBm
dB Rate Bit
RateChip PG 98.2475.314
12200
3840000
_
_
Co-Location: UMTS & GSM
Gathering all advantages/disadvatages of these technologies:
UMTS (W-CDMA): -67 + 24.98 – 7 = -49
GSM: -53 - 12 = -65
There is a difference of (65-49=) 16 dB which UMTS has an advantage upon GSM.
Since the spatial “cover” of the UMTS Node-B (BTS) is due to the CPiCH (Pilot) power (which is 13 dB
below the Total-Power) – so the “Mobile” handset will “feel” the UMTS stronger by 3 dB.
So, we recommend to lower the UMTS power by 3 dB.
In this case, the Mobile will prefer the UMTS technology first (according to its initial software settings).
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Optiway’s
Root Unit
Optiway’s
Branch Unit
BTS
Up-Link Noise
Any active system (like: Optiway’s All-Access) connected to the BTS’ receiver, may cause the noise to rise.
The Operator (owner of the BTS/Node-B) should measure the UL noise, when Mobile are not transmitting.
The numbers should be: Consequence:Range of UL Noise:
“Clean” systemLess than -100 [dBm]
“Normal” System-100……-90 [dBm]
Should be Fine-TunedMore than -90 [dBm]
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Optiway’s
Root Unit
Optiway’s
Branch Unit
Up-Link Noise: Fine Tuning
Recommendation:
Lower the Branch’s UL DCA (more Gain) by 3dB, and add more of the Root’s UL DCA (less Gain) by 3dB.-Yet, the total requires UL Gain stays the same.
+ -!
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Thank You!
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