oracle db11g on solaris 11 x86_64 using virtualbox
TRANSCRIPT
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Part 0. Introduction to Oracle VirtualBox, Solaris 11.1, DB 11gR2, MS Access2010, LireO!!ice Base, ODB" and #DB"
Last $%dated on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 01)01
Pulis*ed on Saturda&, 2+ Dece(er 2012 1)11
-ritten & Pael -ar/&nia
its) '+0
I had some spare time during Christmas and New Year period and I decided to make a short exercise on: Oracle
Solaris 11.1 (x86) manual installation, Oracle Database 11gR2 manual installation and some experiments with
integration of LibreOffice Base (via JDBC driver) and MS Access 2013 on top of MS Windows 8 (for data
manipulation and database frontend application development). Why such a set of products? Well, Solaris is marketed
as the best Unix for Oracle technologies deployment. Moreover, I have experience with GNU/Linux and AIX5L when
it comes to Oracle DB. Why MS Access 2013 and MS Windows 8? I like MS Access for data manipulation, useful
frontends and database application prototyping since the MS Access 97, so I wondered what comes with the newest
version. Same about MS Windows 8 – curiosity. I hope you’ll find the following material useful for your own purposes.
Let’s see what software components are required to start this exercise.
The complete list of required software components covers:
Host side:
Virtualization platform:Oracle VirtualBox 4.2.6
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Additional tool:Clone VDI 2.10 (was used to resize the virtual hard drive)
LibreOffice 3.6.4.3 (or newer)
Oracle DB 11gR2 JDBC Drivers (file: ojdbc6.jar)
Guest#1 side:
Operating system:Oracle Solaris 11.1 (x86/64-bit)
DB software:Oracle DB 11gR2
Guest#2 side:
Operating system:MS Windows 8 (RTM, 90-day evaluation version)
DB software:MS Access 2010 (60-day evaluation version)
That’s all. Now we can begin.
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Part 1. Oracle VirtualBox 3.2.4 installation and 5irtual (ac*ine creation !or Solaris11.1 and Oracle DB 11gR2
Last $%dated on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 01)01Pulis*ed on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 00)+
-ritten & Pael -ar/&nia
its) '300
I doubt that most of us have tons of hardware, especially in the era of virtualization. Today our desktop computers
are strong enough to help us with home made experiments on software installation and configuration. Everything is
much more flexible when we deal with virtual machines, not to mention the fact, that we can heavily reduce the
amount of hardware which we were still using a few years ago. To start the experiment, we need to download and
install VirtualBox 4.2.6 (or higher).
This operation is so straightforward that we will skip the detailed description. I decided to install VirtualBox on my
host machine, which was a typical MS Windows 7 based office desktop. However, with multi-core CPU and enough
RAM.
When VirtualBox was installed, I created a virtual machine aimed for Solaris 11.1 (x86/64-bit) installation. Thespecification is as presented on the following screenshots.
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Please note, that the virtual hard drive size is 30 GB (dynamically allocated) and more than 25 GB is used (this is the
situation with installed and working Oracle database instance). Previously I allocated only 20 GB of space for virtual
hard drive and it was my fault – it was too small and I could not continue with Oracle DB installation in easy manner.
Moreover, the virtual disk drive was fixed size type. Fortunately, nothing critical happened as this issue was a
pleasure to be solved with CloneVDI. This tool helped me a lot with virtual disk drive resize operation – from 20 GB to
30 GB in my case.
Of course all the parameters of virtual machine can be much better – everything is up to you and your host hardware
capabilities. Now, let's start with Solaris 11.1 (x86/64-bit) installation.
Part 2. Oracle Solaris 11.1 6x47438it9 installation it* :ext Install
Last $%dated on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 1+)13
Pulis*ed on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 1)1;
-ritten & Pael -ar/&nia
its) +;4
Firstly, we have to download Solaris 11.1 (x86/64-bit) from Oracle Technology Network (all required softwarecomponents are presented inpart 0 of this series). There are several options available. From the most friendly Live
Media, where we can boot Solaris to the graphical desktop environment (Gnome), try it out on our target machine
and decide if we want to install the system with nice, modern graphical installer, through ready to be used virtual
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machines (no fun in our case), to the option we will use in our scenario, so called: Text Install. In my opinion the most
classic way of Solaris installation and it will provide the best experience for us. Let’s download this version now.
We assume that the target virtual machine has been already created in VirtualBox with minimal parameters
presented inpart 1 article of this series. Then, we can start virtual machine and mount Solaris 11.1 (x86/64-bit) TextInstall CD-ROM image as our virtual CD-ROM in VirtualBox. Soon, the installation process will start. We will now
present screenshots taken from every screen of Solaris 11.1 text installer. All values were specific to my case and
should be modified to fulfill individual requirements.
I can only point out once again, that – as I mentioned before inpart 1 – the virtual disk drive for Solaris 11.1
installation with Oracle DB 11gR2 on top of it should be at least 30 GB. Please note, that at the current stage, the
target virtual disk drive capacity was set by me to 20 GB (we will see this size on dedicated screenshot) – of course,
it was even too much for Solaris 11.1, but during the installation of Oracle DB 11gR2 I had to use Clone VDI toextend its capacity up to 30 GB. So, if someone want to skip the virtual hard drive expansion task with Clone VDI
tool, then it’s a very good idea to set the appropriate size during virtual machine creation (30 GB or more means no
issues).
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After installation is completed, we can reboot (F8 on Installation Complete screen) and we will see GNU GRUB... We
can boot from our hard disk and login to Oracle Solaris 11.1 for the first time (remember to have installation CD-ROM
unmounted).
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That's all for now. We finished the very basic installation. Now we will install Gnome - yes, we need graphical desktop
environment to install Oracle Database 11gR2 in a friendly manner, 100% locally.
Part '. Installing <no(e !or Oracle Solaris 11.1 6x47438it9
Last $%dated on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 1+)32
Pulis*ed on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 1+)'+
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Now, as we have basic Oracle Solaris 11.1 installed on our virtual machine, we will need to have a graphical desktop
environment installed, too. It's required by the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) application we will use to install Oracle
Database 11gR2.
We don't want to complicate the things too much at this time, therefore we will launch OUI locally. In typical scenario
one can want to run X server on his local desktop computer, export appropriate display settings from the target
server (on which, usually, an administrator is logging in via SSH2 remotely) and perform the installation via OUI,
including database creation via DBCA (Database Creation Assistant). We will simplify the whole process – all in all
we are working with virtual machine and we can launch graphical session there. Although, we have to install Gnome
first. Let's do it.
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Login using your user account and then switch to root role (you can skip "uname -a" command, of course):
Then type the following command:
# pkg install slim_install
You'll see the installation process, as shown on the following screenshots:
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Wait until the end and execute:
# startx
You'll see the well-known Gnome desktop:
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Now, let's reboot our system (System –> Shut down... –> Restart) – after a short while we should be able to see
GDM (Gnome Display Manager) login:
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That's all. We can now begin prerequisites configuration for Oracle Database 11gR2 installation.
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Part 3A. "lone VDI *el%s it* Oracle VirtualBox 5irtual diss resi/e o%erations
Last $%dated on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 21)'2
Pulis*ed on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 20)2+
-ritten & Pael -ar/&niaits) '''2
I created a 20 GB virtual disk drive for Solaris 11.1 and Oracle DB 11gR2. This was really too small and the most
comfortable thing I could do was to use Clone VDI 2.10. This is small, simple and very useful piece of software –
really recommended for all Oracle VirtualBox users. Not only we can clone our virtual hard disks, manage their
UUIDs, perform compacting, but also easily resize disks.
To solve my problem I made a backup of my virtual hard drive file (sic!), started Clone VDI, selected my source
virtual hard drive (Solaris11_1_test.vdi) which was 20 GB fixed size, I changed the name of my destination virtual
hard drive file (in this case: Clone of Solaris11_1_test_X.vdi – to be honest, not a nice name, but everyone can
decide on his own, which is recommended). I also selected the options to: "Keep old UUID" and "Increase virtual
drive size to 30.00 GB". With such configuration I expected to have a drop-in replacement of my 20 GB source virtual
hard drive. I waited for a couple of minutes…
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… And it was done. So, I replaced my old, 20 GB file with the new, 30 GB one. With some reference to the Solaris
11.1 administrator’s guide I was able to easily allocate a new space for my root storage pool with ZFS commands
(refer to the "Solaris Internals" for more information).
Part 3. Oracle Dataase 11gR2 %rere=uisites. Be!ore actual installation on Solaris11.1
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Last $%dated on Sunda&, 23 >eruar& 201' 21)
Pulis*ed on Sunda&, '0 Dece(er 2012 22)''
-ritten & Pael -ar/&nia
its) 21311
We have configured our fresh Oracle Solaris 11.1 (x86/64-bit) installation. Now we can start preparations for Oracle
Database 11gR2 binaries installation. Let's check all the prerequisites – as presented in the official documentation –
and then run the installation process with Oracle Universal Installer (OUI).
The most important documents for us are:
Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Oracle Solaris
Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Oracle Solaris on x86-64 (64-Bit)
First of all, let's check the RAM requirements. According to documentation, a minimum is 1 GB and recommended
amount of RAM is 2 GB or more. We set 2 GB for our virtual machine, so it's good, but anyway – use root role:
root@turingsman:~# prtconf | grep "Memory size"
Memory size: 2000 Megabytes
root@turingsman:~#
2000 Megabytes – OK.
Now, let's check the swap space. The rule is that for RAM size between 1 GB and 2 GB, the swap size should be
equal to 1.5 times the size of RAM. If there is more than 2 GB RAM and less than 16 GB, then the swap size should
be equal to the RAM size. If there is more than 16 GB of RAM, our swap size shouldn't be bigger than 16 GB.
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Execute the following command:
root@turingsman:~# sap !l
sapfile e$ saplo blocks free
%e$%z$ol%sk%rpool%sap 2&'(2 ') 2*0+ 2*0+
2 GB is enough. If you have less than 2 GB, please refer to the ZFS documentation and expand swap to requiredsize – the process ofadjusting size of swap on an active system is very well documented in "Solaris Internals".
Now, for the sake of curiosity (and integrity of this tutorial), let's check for the system architecture:
root@turingsman:~# isainfo !k$
,'!bit am,' kernel moules
root@turingsman:~#
Good! Of course, this is supported architecture.
We will need at least 1 GB in the /tmp directory. Therefore, let's check it:
root@turingsman:~# f ! %tmp
-ilesystem .ize /se $ailable 1apacity Mounte on
sap 2*+ 324M 2*'+ ,5 %tmp
OK. We've enough space. Otherwise, it should be expanded – refer to "Solaris Internals".
Our Oracle Database 11gR2 runtime files (binaries) will require about 5 GB, so it's important to select a proper
volume with enough free space. If you created at least 30 GB hard drive for your virtual machine in VirtualBox, as it
was recommended several times before – it's Ok. Otherwise, please refer topart 4A of this series.
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Now, there is the most important information in official Oracle Database 11gR2 installation guide:no special kernel
parameters, packages, or patches are required at the time of this release for Oracle Solaris 11.
Seems that the whole Oracle Database 11gR2 installation process on Oracle Solaris 11.1 is much easier than when
compared to Oracle Solaris 10 or supported Linux distributions. I strongly recommend to follow the official
documentation. However, as I made some additional modifications using Oracle Solaris projects feature I'll present
them later in this article.
Alright. Enough about parameters, packages or patches (still, as I was experimenting with the whole thing, I made
some more/less rational decisions myself – I'll present these modifications later).
We have to check what version of Solaris and what update level we’re using – to be sure we're compliant with the
Oracle requirements:
root@turingsman:~# uname !a
.un6. turingsman *33 33*3 i4,pc i74, i4,pcroot@turingsman:~# uname !r
*33
root@turingsman:~# cat %etc%release
6racle .olaris 33*3 84,
1opyrigt 9c 3;47( 2032( 6racle an%or its affiliates* ll rigts reser$e*
ssemble 3; .eptember 2032
Everything is OK.
We assume that there are no other Oracle products installed on this machine. This is the first installation, so we now
have to create some required groups and users:
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# groupa oinstall
# groupa ba
# usera ! %export%ome%oracle !m !s %bin%bas !g oinstall !+ ba oracle
This command creates the oracle user and specifies "oinstall" as the primary group and "dba" as the secondary
group.
Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle user:
root@turingsman:~# pass !r files oracle
<e =assor: >type your fa$orite passor?
e!enter ne =assor: >re!type your fa$orite passor?
pass: passor successfully cange for oracle
Check the shell limits:
root@turingsman:~# ulimit !t
unlimite
root@turingsman:~# ulimit !f
unlimite
root@turingsman:~# ulimit !
unlimite
root@turingsman:~# ulimit !s
43;2
root@turingsman:~# ulimit !n
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302'
root@turingsman:~# ulimit !$
unlimite
root@turingsman:~#
Almost good. Oracle recommends the following minimum values for STACK (-s) = 32768 and NOFILES (-n) = 4096
limits. Tune them with the following commands:
root@turingsman:~# ulimit As 72&,4
root@turingsman:~# ulimit An '0;,
You can check that limits were changed with the previous commands again (ulimit –s, ulimit –n).
To have these changes permanent, you should define the limits in /etc/system or use Oracle Solaris projects feature.
Now, I've unfortunately made some additional changes with the projects feature of Oracle Solaris. You can follow my
way to stay compliant with the record of this exercise. Perform the following commands:
root@turingsman:~# proBa !/ oracle !) "proBect*max!sm!memoryC9pri$(,g(eny"
user*oracle
root@turingsman:~# proBmo !s) "proBect*max!sem!nsemsC9pri$(32(eny" user*oracle
root@turingsman:~# proBmo !s) "proBect*max!sem!isC9pri$(324(eny" user*oracleroot@turingsman:~# proBmo !s) "proBect*max!sm!isC9pri$(324(eny" user*oracle
root@turingsman:~# proBmo !s) "proBect*max!sm!memoryC9pri$(,g(eny" user*oracle
And:
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root@turingsman:~# n !set %e$%tcp tcp_smallest_anon_port ;000
root@turingsman:~# n !set %e$%tcp tcp_largest_anon_port ,00
% root@turingsman:~# n !set %e$%up up_smallest_anon_port ;000
root@turingsman:~# n !set %e$%up up_largest_anon_port ,00
root@turingsman:~# proBmo !s) "process*max!file!escriptorC9pri$(,7,(eny"
user*oracle
Put in /etc/inittab the following lines for the TCP and UDP parameters to be sure that changes will be persistent
among reboots:
tm::sysinit:%usr%sbin%n !set %e$%tcp tcp_smallest_anon_port ;000 D %e$%console
tm::sysinit:%usr%sbin%n !set %e$%tcp tcp_largest_anon_port ,00 D %e$%console
tm::sysinit:%usr%sbin%n !set %e$%up up_smallest_anon_port ;000 D %e$%console
tm::sysinit:%usr%sbin%n !set %e$%up up_largest_anon_port ,00 D %e$%console
Now, we have to create required directories:
root@turingsman:~# mkir !p %u03%app%oracle
root@turingsman:~# mkir !p %u02%oraata
Assign the required owners:
# con ! oracle:oinstall %u03
# con ! oracle:oinstall %u02
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And change permissions:
# cmo ! && %u03
# cmo ! && %u02
Now, customize bash profile with the following variables (use vi editor to create ".bash_profile" file for oracle user):
>E?
61FG_H.GC%u03%app%oracle
61FG_I6MGCJ61FG_H.G%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3
61FG_.KLC/K<+.M<
FL_FKHN_=ICJ61FG_I6MG%lib
=ICJ=I:%usr%local%bin:J61FG_I6MG%bin
export 61FG_H.G 61FG_I6MG 61FG_.KL FL_FKHN_=I =I
>E?
Please note, we assume that Bash (Bourne-again shell) will be used by oracle user. So, log to the oracle account
now:
# su A oracle
And run vi editor with the ".bash_profile" file for edition:
!bas!'*3J $i *bas_profile
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Now, put all the lines presented above into the file in vi editor and save file (hit "Esc" key, then hit "w" and "q" keys to
perform write and quit operation). However, at this stage this can be tricky as all the paths presented in the
".bash_profile" file are to be created by Oracle Universal Installer (OUI). These paths don't exist at this stage of
installation. Please only note, that if we change the paths in OUI we have to edit ".bash_profile" too. Also, our Oracle
Database 11gR2 installation should be planned, so we can assume that the following paths pattern will be copied in
OUI (this is our plan).
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Now, we can copy the installation packages and unzip them for oracle user. So, login as oracle (if not logged in
already) and create a directory for installation packages. This can be anywhere – we just have to remember that we
will require a few GBs of space for zipped installation packages and unzipped content. For example, this can be done
the following way:
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root@turingsman:~# su ! oracle
6racle 1orporation .un6. *33 33*3 .eptember 2032
!bas!'*3J p
%export%ome%oracle
!bas!'*3J mkir orainstall
!bas!'*3J c orainstall
So, copy the installation packages to "orainstall" directory:
!bas!'*3J cp %mnt%O orainstall%
Check we have both installation packages:
!bas!'*3J ls
solaris*x,'_33g2_atabase_3of2*zip solaris*x,'_33g2_atabase_2of2*zip
We can now unzip both of them here:
!bas!'*3J unzip %mnt%solaris*x,'_33g2_atabase_3of2*zip A
%export%ome%oracle%orainst
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!bas!'*3J unzip %mnt%solaris*x,'_33g2_atabase_2of2*zip A
%export%ome%oracle%orainst
After a while, we should have a "database" directory available. Let's check it:
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!bas!'*3J p
%export%ome%oracle%orainstall
!bas!'*3J ls !la
total ;
rxr!xr!x 7 oracle oinstall 7 Lec 2, 03:0& *
rxr!xr!x 7 oracle oinstall 30 Lec 2, 03:0& **rxr!xr!x 4 oracle oinstall 30 <o$ 2' 200; atabase
!bas!'*3J
Before I ran Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) from database directory for good, I did some additional changes in the
operating system. I installed JDK7 (with Add More Software tool – available directly from the Gnome desktop). Also, I
installed SUNWmfrun package – to avoid possible error about Motif libraries. You can do the same to stay compliant
with our exercise.
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Also, some experts say that this is not required to export DISPLAY variable when OUI is executed locally. Well,
seems this statement is not true. I had to export DISPLAY variable to avoid OUI errors during initial prerequisites
check. This can be done with the following command from oracle user (Bash):
!bas!'*3J LK.=FNCturingsman:0*0P export LK.=FN
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Change "turingsman" with the name of your server, of course.
Now, we can run the famous Oracle Universal Installer – remember to be logged in on oracle user account. Let's
check we have all we need in the database directory:
!bas!'*3J c atabase%!bas!'*3J ls !la
total 2
rxr!xr!x 4 oracle oinstall 30 <o$ 2' 200; *
rxr!xr!x 7 oracle oinstall 7 Lec 2, 03:0& **
rxr!xr!x 32 oracle oinstall 3 <o$ 34 200; oc
rxr!xr!x ' oracle oinstall 3' <o$ 2' 200; install
rxr!xr!x 2 oracle oinstall <o$ 2' 200; response
rxr!xr!x 2 oracle oinstall 2 <o$ 2' 200; rpm
!rxr!xr!x 3 oracle oinstall ,37 <o$ 2' 200; runKnstaller
rxr!xr!x 2 oracle oinstall 7 <o$ 2' 200; sssetup
rxr!xr!x 3' oracle oinstall 70 <o$ 2' 200; stage
!r!r!!r!! 3 oracle oinstall '00 <o$ 3& 200; elcome*tml
Be sure to run the OUI from oracle user session in Gnome:
!bas!'*3J *%runKnstaller
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That's all for now. We will continue with the Oracle Universal Installer in the part 5 of this series.
P t O l D t 11 R2 i t ll ti it* O l $ i l I t ll
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Part . Oracle Dataase 11gR2 installation it* Oracle $ni5ersal Installer onSolaris 11.1
Last $%dated on Monda&, '1 Dece(er 2012 21)2
Pulis*ed on Monda&, '1 Dece(er 2012 21)00-ritten & Pael -ar/&nia
its) 3'2
We will now install Oracle Database 11gR2 with Oracle Universal Installer, which we have successfully run in the end
ofpart 4 of this series. After Oracle Database 11gR2 binaries installation we will create and configure a database
instance with the dedicated tool – Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). Although, usually DBCA is run
in the last stage of OUI installation process, this is not a rule. If the Oracle database environment is configuredproperly, we can run DBCA at any given moment to handle database instances in our system. Also, we can run
DBCA separately, if OUI reported some non-critical errors which prevented successful database creation – as in our
case here.
Firstly, if OUI started successfully (passed all initial checks in the console mode), but then there was an error
message:
[INS-13001] Environment does not meet minimum requirements
This can mean two things. In fact, our system does not meet minimum requirements and we have to take care of this
issue. Maybe, it is enough to check the whole configuration and prerequisites fulfillment once again? Kernel
?P h ?I i ll db hi i fO lD b 10R2(hih
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parameters? Patches? Is our operating system really supported by this version of Oracle Database 10gR2 (which
version, exactly)? It's possible that we forgot about something important which can still be more or less easily
handled.
However, things can be more enigmatic – if we are sure that all the requirements are met or even exceeded. In such
case, the best option is to look for help on free OTN forums or paid My Oracle Support (MOS, previously known as
Metalink). There is a chance to get some help from Oracle experts available on the OTN forums – but please note,
that due to the license requirements, it is prohibited to publish the information available via My Oracle Support on-line
service. All in all it's commercial, requires an user account to be created and assigned to the company's CSI number
(valid support contract is necessary).
Finally, to better understand what is going on we can generate the report in response file, by executing the following
command:
*%runKnstaller Aexecute=rereQs Asilent Aresponse-ile RresponsefileD*rsp
Also, in some specific cases, when we are not installing a production environment, we can make a decision to go on
with the OUI, even if there was an error reported. Everything depends on type of error. Once again – we can do a
little bit more in test environments, but in production environments such approach is not acceptable. We can even
skip the prerequisites checks and invoke OUI with the following command:
*%runKnstaller Aignore.ys=rereQs
Although, prerequisites checking is our friend in most cases.
Once we ran OUI, we will see the following sequence of screens – each one for each step of OUI.
Th fi tt iOUIit fi it dt A itllith tt i t kithi ti
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The first step in OUI is to configure security updates. As we install in the test environment, we can skip this option.
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TheninthesecondstepwehavetodecidewhatweplantodowiththehelpofOUIInourcasewehavetoselect:
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Then, in the second step, we have to decide what we plan to do with the help of OUI. In our case we have to select:
"Create and configure a database" (this means that after OUI, there will be DBCA launched).
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Inthethirdsteplet'sselect"Desktopclass"databaseThiswillmakeourlivesimplerandismoreadequatetothe
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In the third step, lets select Desktop class database. This will make our live simpler and is more adequate to the
purpose of our exercise. We're only exploring the basics of standalone Oracle database installation, we don't think
about RAC (Realtime Application Cluster) or grid technologies.
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TheninstepfourwehavetoprovidealltherequireddataverycarefullyPleasenotethatifwechangepathswe
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Then, in step four, we have to provide all the required data very carefully. Please note, that if we change paths, we
will have to take care about ".bash_profile" file we created previously (seepart 4 of this series). Therefore, let's copy
all the values from the screenshot presented below.
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Instepfivewehavetoprovideadditionalinformation–pathtoOracleInventory(aplacewhereinstallationfileswill
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In step five we have to provide additional information path to Oracle Inventory (a place where installation files will
be copied) and oraInventory group name (a group which owns oraInventory directory). Sixth step is Prerequisite
Checks – if skipped during launch of OUI, then it will not be performed.
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Stepsevenprovidesthesummaryofalloptionsweselecteduntilnow.Weshouldrefertothemanddouble-check
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Step seven provides the summary of all options we selected until now. We should refer to them and doublecheck
before going to the next step. Please note, that source location here is different than presented inpart 4 of this
series. However, this is not an important difference – everything depends on the fact where we unzipped our Oracle
Database 11gR2 installation disks and from which location we started OUI. So, this can be also different in your
specific case.
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Step eight – actual installation.
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We can see that near the end of OUI installation process, DBCA tool is going to be started (database instance
creation).
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Unfortunately, in our case DBCA failed to start. The reported reason is lack of seed database instance schema file –
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y p
Seed_Database.dbf. This is not critical – however, should be examined separately, if we cannot provide the required
file on-demand (in fact this error was generated due improper file copying operation between directories – we will
cover this issue in more details later).
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So, let's continue (OK –> Skip). As we can see, Oracle DBCA step was ignored. That's OK. Now, OUI will ask us to
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execute two scripts from the presented location. Please note, we have to use root role to execute these scripts under
Solaris 11.1. Also, it's worth to remember that this is the only moment in which Oracle requires us to work with root
role privileges during the whole OUI installation process.
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Then, 100% of OUI installation process is completed (please note – although, DBCA was skipped).
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The last step – ninth – "The installation of Oracle Database was successful". However, the fun is yet to begin.
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We will now continue with the DBCA – Database Configuration Assistant – in the next, sixth, part of this series. We
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have to create general purpose database instance for the next planned exercises.
Part 4. Oracle Dataase 11gR2. "reating dataase it* Dataase "on!iguration
Assistant
Last $%dated on Saturda&, 24 #anuar& 201' 1;)33
Pulis*ed on :uesda&, 01 #anuar& 201' 22)10
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its) 4140
We will now run DBCA – Database Configuration Assistant – for our freshly installed Oracle 11gR2. This tool will help
us to create a database for our further explorations. Therefore, we will not go into the details of DBCA too much. Our
plan is to create the general purpose database. Also, we have to run this tool separately, because we skipped DBCA
step during Oracle Universal Installer installation process (seepart 5). This was due to the lack of
"Seed_Database.dbf" – which in fact can be found on the Oracle Database 11gR2 installation disks and was lost
during copying operation (on OTN forum some people claim that "Seed_Database.dbf" file can be lost during
unzipping operation – unfortunately, no other details are provided). So, let's start.
First of all, we have to be sure, that our environment is properly configured – especially, when it comes to the paths
etc. Check with the "env" command:
J en$
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ISC
.IGFFC%bin%bas
GMCxterm
FL_FKHN_=IC%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%lib
61FG_.KLC/K<+.M<61FG_H.GC%u03%app%oracle
MKFC%$ar%mail%oracle
=IC%usr%bin::%usr%local%bin:%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%bin
=TLC%export%ome%oracle
F<+Cen_/.*/-!4
.IFUFC3
I6MGC%export%ome%oracle
F6+<MGCoracle
61FG_I6MGC%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3
_C%usr%bin%en$
Export DISPLAY variable:
J export LK.=FNCturingsman:0*0
Then we can execute DBCA with the following command – of course, as an oracle user:
J bca
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On the Welcome screen we click "Next".
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DBCA consists of 12 steps. In the first step we have to select: "Create a Database" option (other options are
unavailable, except "Manage Templates", because there is no database yet in our system).
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Then we have to select type of our database in the second step: "General Purpose or Transaction Processing".
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Please click "Show Details…" button to see what database components are required for such type of database.
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Step 3. We have to provide Global Database Name and SID (System Identifier) of our database.
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Step 4. Leave the default values for "Enterprise Manager settings" and "Automatic Maintenance Tasks".
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Step 5. However, this is not recommended – especially in production environment (in fact, not allowed for security
reasons!) – we can make things easier and set the same passwords for all administrative accounts (SYS, SYSTEM,
DBSNMP, SYSMAN). All in all, we're working in test environment and this is only a kind of reconnaissance. Also,
please note, that all passwords can be changed in the future. For now, we can go with less secure option – let's set
the same password for all mentioned accounts.
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Step 6. As it was mentioned before – we've skipped DBCA step during OUI installation process because
"Seed_Database.dbf" file (database template file) was not found. This issue was reported several times by some
people here and there, including OTN forum. There were many suggestions on what to do, including – manual
databasecreation(inmyopinion–agoodchallengeforexperiencedDBAs)ordownloadingOracleDatabase11gR2
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database creation (in my opinion – a good challenge for experienced DBAs) or downloading Oracle Database 11gR2
installation disks once again from OTN. Well, maybe re-downloading is a good idea, if we're sure that our installation
disks became corrupted. The question is then – how it was possible to install Oracle database from such installation
media to this moment? In my case, the most reasonable explanation is that – after several copying operations
between volumes (including the issue with required disk resize operation etc.) I – somehow – lost this file. Therefore,
I decided to look into the Oracle installation disk for "Seed_Database.dbf". I found this file under the following
location (check inside disk 2):
L:V=aelV6ra.olVsolaris*x,'_33g2_atabase_2of2*zipVatabaseVstageV1omponentsVoracle*r
bms*install*seebV33*2*0*3*0V3VLata-ilesVGxpaneVfilegroup3
So, I copied this file to the previously mounted /mnt/sf_OraSol directory on my Solaris virtual machine and told DBCA
(via "Browse…" button) where it is. This was a good idea. No additional software downloading from DBCA, no hand
made database creation etc.
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Step 7. Remember to select a proper database files location – in our case: /u01/oradata.
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Step 8. We can leave default values for our purposes.
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Step 9. Yes, we should add sample schemas – this will be very usable in our future exercises (especially, famous
Human Resources schema).
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Step 10. Default values – only remember to set Unicode for national characters encoding.
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Step 11. Database Storage. Default values – we will not change anything or add any file. Please only refer to the files
locations to be sure, that everything will be installed in the desired place (control files, data files and redo logs).
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Step 12. Select "Crate Database" and click "Finish". "Confirmation" window will be opened – just refer to all
presented database details to once again confirm all our decisions and click "OK". The database creation process
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will be launched.
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And then – it's done.
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We have now created our first database, which includes exemplary schemas. In the next part we will verify that all
basic configuration files are defined correctly and we can easily operate our database with provided tools.
Part ;. "*ec%oint !or Oracle Dataase 11gR2 installation. "on!iguration !iles,asic tools and co((on issues
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Last $%dated on Monda&, 11 Marc* 201' 21)24
Pulis*ed on Monda&, 11 Marc* 201' 20)10
-ritten & Pael -ar/&nia
its) 24
We had a short break afterpart 6 of this series. Believe it or not, there was a really important reason for me to stop
writing for a while – although, this is quite a different story. Now, we're back to finish with our experiments with Oracle
Database 11gR2 on Solaris 11.1. What was really nice, during the last two months I received some emails and
comments with your suggestions and opinions on this series. Therefore, I would like to thank you all for positive
feedback and additional inspiration. Now, we can come back to work.
I hope our virtual machines are ready to be run again. Before we begin with additional experiments, it's good to know
which Oracle Database 11gR2 configuration files should be double-checked. Usually, if something is wrong with
these files, the overall Oracle database installation is not working properly or – for example – a listener or database
instance cannot be started. Also, we will present some basic administration tools for Oracle.
First of all, let's check listener.ora file. Please login to the oracle user account and execute the following command:
oracle@turingsman:~J $i
%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%netork%amin%listener*ora
You should see something similar to this:
FK.G<GC
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9LG.1K=K6<C
9LLG.._FK.C
9LLG..C9=6616FCtcp9I6.Cturingsman9=6C323
9LLG..C9=6616FCipc9)GNCextproc
.KL_FK._FK.G<GC
9.KL_FK.C
9.KL_LG.1C
9+F6HF_LH<MGC/K<+.M<
961FG_I6MGC%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3
9.KL_<MGC/K<+.M<
Now exit vi editor and execute the following command – to check how tnsnames.ora file is composed:
oracle@turingsman:~J $i
%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%netork%amin%tnsnames*ora
In my case it looks like that:
# tnsnames*ora <etork 1onfiguration -ile:
%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%netork%amin%tnsnames*ora
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# +enerate by 6racle configuration tools*
/K<+.M< C
9LG.1K=K6< C
9LLG.. C 9=6616F C 1=9I6. C turingsman9=6 C 323
916<<G1_L C
9.GUG C LGLK1GL
9.GUK1G_<MG C /K<+.M<
FK.G<G_/K<+.M< C
9LLG.. C 9=6616F C 1=9I6. C turingsman9=6 C 323
Also, always remember about .bash_profile file:
oracle@turingsman:~J $i *bas_profile
In my case it looks like this:
61FG_H.GC%u03%app%oracle
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61FG_I6MGCJ61FG_H.G%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3
61FG_.KLC/K<+.M<
FL_FKHN_=ICJ61FG_I6MG%lib
=ICJ=I:%usr%local%bin:J61FG_I6MG%bin
export 61FG_H.G 61FG_I6MG 61FG_.KL FL_FKHN_=I =I
And here is the set of useful commands, that has to be available from the command line, once your Oracle Database
11gR2 is installed and your oracle user shell is properly configured (see .bash_profile file).
Tool Syntax Purspos
e
Selectedcommands(<command>)
Example
lsnrc
tl
lsnrctl RcommanD :*is tool
is ai(edto(anageOracleDataase listener
.tatus
.tarteloa
.topUersionser$icesGxit
lsnrctl
reloa
%rocess6in s*ortords)
WuitIelp
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it*outoringlistener iton?t e%ossiletoconnectto t*eOracledataaseinstance9
sQlplus
sQlplus>>username>%passor?>@ser$ice_name? | % >as
Xsysba|sysoperY?? |%nolog?
:*is toolisre=uired
toconnectit* t*eOracledataase!ro(co((and line toexecute
S@Lstate(ents
elp sQlplus%nologelp
tnsping
tnsping Rser$ice_nameDRo_many_timesD
:*is tool*el%s to
tnsping/K<+.
c*ec i!gi5enOracle t
M< '
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etser5ice isa5ailale!orconnections. I!connectionsucceeded,tns%ingtool ills*oesti(ate
d ti(ere=uired!or datatrans(issioneteenclientandser5erside.
trcroute
rcroute Rser$ice_nameD :*is tool*el%s todisco5ert*e traceo!
trcroute/K<+.M<
connectioneteenli t
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clientandser5er
Let's have a short trip through the tools presented above. Imagine we have just logged in to our database server and
we want to start all the Oracle Database 11gR2 components by hand. Be sure we are using oracle account – for
example:
parzyn@turingsman:~J su ! oracle
=assor:
6racle 1orporation .un6. *33 33*3 .eptember 2032
!bas!'*3J
Then, run sqlplus:
!bas!'*3J sQlplus %nolog
When sqlplus is started, execute the commands presented below (your commands are marked bold):
.WFO=lus: elease 33*2*0*3*0 =rouction on .un Mar 30 20:02:30 2037
1opyrigt 9c 3;42( 200;( 6racle* ll rigts reser$e*
SQL> conn sys as sysdba;
Gnter passor:
1onnecte to an ile instance
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1onnecte to an ile instance*
SQL> startup
61FG instance starte*
otal .ystem +lobal rea 4730'&,4 bytes
-ixe .ize 223,2' bytes
Uariable .ize ,207&0'4 bytes
Latabase Huffers 2,4'7', bytes
eo Huffers 2'3,,'0 bytes
Latabase mounte*
Latabase opene*
SQL> select * from v$instance;
K<.<1G_</MHG K<.<1G_<MG
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I6._<MG
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
UG.K6< ./=_ ./. = IGL# 1IKUG F6+_.TK1I_TK
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
F6+K<. .I/ LH.G_./. K<.<1G_6FG 1KUG_. HF6
!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!
3 /K<+.M<
turingsman
33*2*0*3*0 37%07%30 6=G< <6 3 .6==GL
FF6TGL <6 1KUG =KMN_K<.<1G <6MF <6
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SQL> quit
Lisconnecte from 6racle Latabase 33g elease 33*2*0*3*0 ! ,'bit =rouction
Then, we should start Oracle listener process (commands to be executed are marked bold):
!bas!'*3J lsnrctl
F.<1F for .olaris: Uersion 33*2*0*3*0 ! =rouction on 30!M!2037 20:22:02
1opyrigt 9c 3;;3( 200;( 6racle* ll rigts reser$e*
Telcome to F.<1F( type "elp" for information*
LSNRCTL> status
1onnecting to 9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCtcp9I6.Cturingsman9=6C323
<.!32'3: <.:no listener
<.!32,0: <.:protocol aapter error
<.!0033: <o listener
.olaris Grror: 3',: 1onnection refuse
1onnecting to 9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCipc9)GNCextproc
<.!32'3: <.:no listener
<.!32,0: <.:protocol aapter error
<.!0033: <o listener
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.olaris Grror: 2: <o suc file or irectory
LSNRCTL> start
.tarting %u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%bin%tnslsnr: please ait***
<.F.< for .olaris: Uersion 33*2*0*3*0 ! =rouction
.ystem parameter file is
%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%netork%amin%listener*ora
Fog messages ritten to %u03%app%oracle%iag%tnslsnr%turingsman%listener%alert%log*xml
Fistening on: 9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCtcp9I6.Cturingsman9=6C323Fistening on: 9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCipc9)GNCextproc
1onnecting to 9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCtcp9I6.Cturingsman9=6C323
./. of te FK.G<G
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
lias FK.G<G
Uersion <.F.< for .olaris: Uersion 33*2*0*3*0 ! =rouction
.tart Late 30!M!2037 20:22:32
/ptime 0 ays 0 r* 0 min* 0 sec
race Fe$el off
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.ecurity 6<: Focal 6. utentication
.<M= 6--
Fistener =arameter -ile
%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%netork%amin%listener*ora
Fistener Fog -ile
%u03%app%oracle%iag%tnslsnr%turingsman%listener%alert%log*xml
Fistening Gnpoints .ummary***
9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCtcp9I6.Cturingsman9=6C323
9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCipc9)GNCextproc
.er$ices .ummary***
.er$ice "/K<+.M<" as 3 instance9s*
Knstance "/K<+.M<"( status /<)<6T<( as 3 anler9s for tis ser$ice***
e comman complete successfully
LSNRCTL> reload
1onnecting to 9LG.1K=K6<C9LLG..C9=6616FCtcp9I6.Cturingsman9=6C323
e comman complete successfully
LSNRCTL> quit
Now, let's try tnsping – we're working on local machine, so it's not a best example, but anyway:
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!bas!'*3J tnsping /K<+.M< '
<. =ing /tility for .olaris: Uersion 33*2*0*3*0 ! =rouction on 30!M!2037 20:27:07
1opyrigt 9c 3;;&( 200;( 6racle* ll rigts reser$e*
/se parameter files:
%u03%app%oracle%prouct%33*2*0%bome_3%netork%amin%sQlnet*ora
/se <.<MG. aapter to resol$e te alias
ttempting to contact 9LG.1K=K6< C 9LLG.. C 9=6616F C 1=9I6. C turingsman
9=6 C 323 916<<G1_L C 9.GUG C LGLK1GL 9.GUK1G_<MG C /K<+.M<
6) 920 msec6) 90 msec
6) 90 msec
6) 90 msec
And finally, trcroute – with the same remark like for tnsping – we're on local machine:
!bas!'*3J trcroute /K<+.M<
race oute /tility for .olaris: Uersion 33*2*0*3*0 ! =rouction on 30!M!2037
20:2':'2
1opyrigt 9c 3;;( 200;( 6racle* ll rigts reser$e*
oute of rcoute:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
<oe: 1lient ime an aress of entry into noe:
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<oe: 1lient ime an aress of entry into noe:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
30!M!2037 20:2':'2 LLG..C =6616FC1= I6.Cturingsman =6C323
<oe: .er$er ime an aress of entry into noe:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
30!M!2037 20:2':'2 LLG..C =6616FC1= I6.Cturingsman =6C323
If everything works similar way in your case, we can progress to thepart 8 of this series. Finally, to summarize our
checkpoint here, we should remember that if something is not working properly, the most common reasons are
hidden in:
Improperly owned directories of Oracle installation (refer to the previous parts to check the guidelines on
chown command). Remember – we're working on oracle user account. Root role is used very rare, mostly for
operating system purposes and not the Oracle Database itself – with significant exception during Oracle Universal
Installer part, when we have to execute root.sh script from root account.
Improperly assigned rights to the Oracle installation directories – please not only check you've applied chown
command on all required directories, but also use took care to use chmod command (refer to thepart 4).
Improperly defined or not set and exported Oracle Database environment variables – refer to the .bash_profile(this part) and double check you have all required variables and correctly defined paths. If yes, but you can't – for
example – invoke the tools presented in this part, maybe you should reload .bash_profile or – which is quite common
– remember to use BASH (maybe you're using oracle account with different shell, like CSH?).
Errors in the configuration files – usually, for basic Oracle Database 11gR2 configuration, we should check the
files presented here (listener.ora, tnsnames.ora).
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