oracle multitenant - oracle ankara day 2014

December 23, 2014

Oracle MultitenantMahir M. Quluzade

2 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

Mahir M. Quluzade

AZEROUG (Azerbaijan Oracle User Group)

TROUG (Turkish Oracle User Group)

OCE, RAC 11g and Grid infrastructure

OCP Database 11g Administrator

OCE Database SQL

Author of OTech Magazine and OTN Articles

Central Bank - Oracle DBA

Oracle Blog : http//www.mahir-quluzade.com


Agenda

Rethinking Architecture for the Database

Multitenant Architecture

Capabilities Enabled

Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)

Managing Shared Resources

Upgrading to Multitenant


Oracle Database Architecture

Oracle Instance

– SGA & PGA

– Background Processes

Oracle Database

– Control Files

– Data Files

– Redo Logs (Online and Archived)

– Parameter and Password file

Pre-12c Oracle Database


Oracle Database Architecture

Requires memory, processes and database files

System Resources


New Multitenant Architecture

Memory and processes required at multitenant container level onlySystem Resources


Increasing ConsolidationOracle Database 12c

Schema Consolidation Multitenant Database


Agenda

Rethinking Architecture for the Database








Components of a Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

Pluggable Databases (PDBs)

PDBs

Root

CDB

create database …

enable pluggable database

Create CDB

create pluggable database …

Create PDB



Multitenant architecture can currently

support up to 252 PDBs

A PDB feels and operates identically to a

non-CDB

You cannot tell, from the viewpoint of a

connected client, if you’re using a PDB or

a non-CDB

Database

Link


Unplug / plug

Simply unplug from the old CDB…


Unplug / plug

Moving between CDBs is a simple case

of moving a PDB’s metadata

An unplugged PDB carries with it lineage,

opatch, encryption key info etc

…and plug in to the new CDB…


Unplug / plug

Example

alter pluggable database HCM

unplug into '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/…/hcm.xml'

create pluggable database My_PDB

using '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/…/hcm.xml'

Plug

Unplug


Common Data Dictionary

Before 12.1: dilution over time

Database Created

Data D

ictio

nary

User Data

Meta D

ata

Mature Database

Data D

ictio

nary

User Data

Meta D

ata

Tables, Code, Data added

Data D

ictio

nary

User Data

Meta D

ata


Data Dictionary Architecture in a CDB

Oracle Database 12c

OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$

…

EMP DEPT

…

OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$

…

root

Database Metadata Only

PDBUser Metadata Only User Data

Meta

da

ta L

ink

s

Oracle Database stores metadata about

dictionary objects only in the root

– PDB uses Metadata Link to point to the

definition of object stored in the root

The data corresponding to a metadata link

resides in its PDB


Multitenant Architecture – Dynamics

PDBs share common SGA and

background processes

Foreground sessions see only

the PDB they connect to


Files in the CDB

Each PDB has its own set of tablespaces

including SYSTEM and SYSAUX

PDBs share UNDO, REDO

and control files, (s)pfile

By default the CDB has a single TEMP

tablespace but PDBs may create their

own

Namespaces


Users Local users are the successors for

customer-created users in a non-CDB

A local user is defined only in a PDB

A local user can administer a PDB

A common user is defined in the root

and is represented in every PDB

A common user can log into any PDB

where it has “Create Session” and can

therefore administer a PDB

The Oracle system is owned by

common users


Common Users and Privileges

A common user can be granted privileges locally in a PDB (or root)

and therefore differently in each container

A common user can, alternatively, be granted a system privilege

commonly – the grant is made in root and every PDB, present and

future

You can create a common role

A common role can be granted to a common user commonly

Authorization is checked in the container where the SQL is attempted

considering only the privileges that the user has in that container

Authorization is checked in the same way as as pre-12.1


Agenda

Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud







Manage Many as One with Multitenant

Backup databases as one; recover at pluggable database level

One Backup

Point-in-time recovery

At pluggable database level


Manage Many as One with Multitenant

One standby database covers all pluggable databases


Multitenant for Simplified Patching

Apply changes once, all pluggable databases updated

Upgrade

in-place


Multitenant for Upgrades

Flexible choice when patching & upgrading databases


Multitenant for Provisioning

PDBs can be cloned from

remote CDBs

PDBs can be cloned from

within the same CDB

Fast cloning of PDBs


Cloning a PDB

Example

create pluggable database HCMBI from HCM

create pluggable database HCMBI from [email protected]

Remote (DB Link)

Local


Per PDB vs per CDB

Common operations on CDB with granular control where appropriate

Single Oracle Software Version

Data Guard

Scheduled RMAN Backups

Some parameters/properties

e.g. homogeneous character set

Redo and Undo

RMAN point-in-time recovery

Ad hoc RMAN backups

Flush shared pool

Parameters where

IsPDB_Modifiable = 'TRUE'

Per CDB Per PDB


Agenda








PDB State Management Across CDB Restart

PDB New clauses– PDB Containers Clause

– PDB Standbys Clause

– PDB Logging Clause

PDB Clone new features – Excluding Data When Cloning a PDB

– Non-CDB Adopt to CDB as a PDB.

– PDB Subset Cloning

– PDB Snapshot Cloning

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)

Multitenant New features


Oracle Multitenant - PDB State Management Across CDB Restart

– Save state

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB save state;

SQL> select con_id, con_name, state from dba_pdb_saved_states;

CON_ID CON_NAME STATE

---------- ----------- ----------

4 PDB OPEN READ ONLY

– Discard state

SQL> alter pluggable database prmpdb03 discard state;




PDB New clauses– PDB Containers Clause

SQL> select con_id , n from containers (t)

where con_id in (4,5);

– PDB Standbys Clause

SQL> create pluggable database pdb2

file_name_convert=('pdbseed',‘pdb2‘) standbys=NONE;

– PDB Logging Clause

SQL> create pluggable database pdb3

file_name_convert=('pdbseed',‘pdb3') NOLOGGING;




PDB Clone new features

– Excluding Data When Cloning a PDB

– SQL> create pluggable database prmpdb03 from prmpdb01 2

file_name_convert=('prmpdb01','prmpdb03') NO DATA;

– Non-CDB Adopt to CDB as a PDB.

– SQL> create database link noncdb connect to pdbcreator

identified by pdbcreator using ' noncdb';

– SQL> create pluggable database pdb4 from NON$CDB@prmdb

2 file_name_convert=('prmdb','prmcdb/pdb4');

– SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql

– PDB Subset Cloning

– PDB Snapshot Cloning




Agenda









Resource management in multitenant environment

High Priority

Medium Priority

Low Priority


Managing Resources between PDBs

Resource Manager can manage resources on two basic levels:

– CDB level

How resources are allocate d to PDBs

Limit the resources utilization of specific PDBs

– PDB level

Resource Manager can manage the workloads within each PDB


Managing Resources between PDBs

Using Resource Manager, you can control

– CPU

– Parallel execution servers

– Exadata I/O

– Sessions

Configure a policy that controls how resources are utilized

– Default configuration that works, even as PDBs are added or removed

You can change default configuration


Manage CPU

Pluggable Database Shares Guaranteed CPU Maximum CPU

HCM 2 2/4 = 50% 100%

CRM 1 1/4 = 25% 100%

ERP 1 1/4 = 25% 100%

2 Shares 1 Share 1 Share

A CDB Resource Plan uses

shares to specify how CPU is

distributed between PDBs


Agenda









Step 1: Upgrade databases in-place

Upgrade in Place



Step 2: Plug-in upgraded databases



No application changes required.

Step 3. Change applications to work with Multitenant


Migrate using Replication

① Provision new PDB from Seed

② Replicate using technologies such as

Oracle GoldenGate or Data Pump

New in 12.1, you ask that full database

export and full database import make

maximum use of transportable

tablespaces in the single expdb and

impdb commands.

(Backported to 11.2.0.3.)


Your questions


Mahir M. Quluzadehttp://www.mahir-quluzade.com

oracle multitenant - oracle ankara day 2014

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