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ORACLE 9i RMAN (10g) (rev0.1) – August, 2007 – by Ergem PEKER (rev1.1) – December, 2008 – by Ergem PEKER

10g enhancements and some more functionalities. Version: Oracle Database 10.2.0.1 on Windows2003 Server Oracle Database 9.2.0.4 on IBM pSeries AIX5L Server Connecting to rman: Host#> rman Rman> connect target / Rman> connect target dbuser as sysdba/passwd@TNS Rman> connect catalog rman/pass@TNS Rman> connect auxiliary dbuser/dbpass@TNS ### interactive mode Host#> rman target / catalog rman/pass@TNS Host#> rman target / nocatalog ### batch mode Host#> rman target / catalog rman/rman@d cmdfile <cmd_file_name> log <log_file_name> Host#> rman target / @‘daily.rcv’ Rman> report schema ### creating rman catalog

1- Connect to rman catalog database with sysdba privileges 2- Create catalog user with unlimited quota and grant

recovery_catalog_owner, connect, resource 3- Start rman with recovery catalog options 4- run “create catalog” command in rman 5- register the target database with “register database” command

### creating pipe interface Host#> rman pipe rmpipe target sys/<password>@TNS_ALIAS ORA$RMAN_RMPIPE_IN (rman input pipe) ORA$RMAN_RMPIPE_OUT (rman output pipe) SQLPLUS> DBMS_PIPE.PACK SQLPLUS> DBMS_PIPE.SEND_MESSAGE SQLPLUS> DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE SQLPLUS> DBMS_PIPE.UNPACK

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Channels: -- %U = %u_%p_%c - %c: copy number of the backup file - %t: backup set timestamp - %n: database name - %d: database name - %p: backup piece number Rman> configure device type disk|sbt parallelism 3; ### max 255 configure default device type to disk; configure device type disk clear; configure default device type clear; configure channel device type disk Rate 5M; Readrate 5M; Format=’/disk2/backup/%U’; Maxopenfiles=10; Maxpiecesize=2G; ### setting disk IO rates configure channel 1 device type disk rate 5M; configure channel 2 device type disk rate 1M; ### rac option for backing up configure channel 1 device type disk connect=’sys/password@node1’; configure channel 2 device type disk connect=’sys/password@node2’; ### clearing channel settings configure channel device type disk clear; configure channel 1 device type disk clear; ### backing up to different disk media configure channel 1 device type disk format ’/disk1/%U’; configure channel 2 device type disk format ’/disk2/%U’; Show all; Show device type; Show default device type; Show channel; ### command blocks Rman> Run { Allocate channel c1 device type disk; Backup datafile 3,4,5; }

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Backup: ### backup database Rman> Backup database include current controlfile; Backup database plus archivelog [delete all [input]]; Backup [device type disk|sbt] database; Backup database tag=‘<tag_name>’; Backup not backed up since time ‘sysdate-3’ database plus archivelog; Backup format ‘path/%U’ database fileperset 3; Backup full database [skip offline|readonly|inaccessible]; ### incremental and differential backups Backup incremental level 0 database; Backup incremental level 1 database; Backup incremental level 1 differential database; Backup incremental level 1 cumulative database; ### overriding backup retentions Backup database keep until time “to_date(’03.08.2007’,’DD.MM.YYYY’)”; Backup database keep forever nologs; ### validation of backups Backup validate database archivelog all; ### backup parameters Backup tablespace data_ts filesperset=10 maxsetsize=20G; Backup tablespace <ts_name>; ### backup backupsets and imagecopies Backup backupset 12; Backup backupset completed before ‘sysdate-7’ delete input; Backup backupset all [delete input]; Backup copy of database delete input; ### configure backup copies Configure datafile backup copies for device type disk to 3; Configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk to 3; Configure datafile backup copies for device type disk clear; Backup device type disk copies 3 datafile 7 format= “/temp/%U”,“/data2/backup/%U”,“?/dbs/%U”; ### backup tablespace Backup tablespace users format=“users_%u%p%c”; Configure exclude for tablespace <ts_name>; Backup database; ### will exclude the tablespaces Backup database noexclude; ### if you dont want to exclude the ts Configure exclude for tablespace <ts_name> clear; ### backup database archivelog Backup archivelog all [delete [all] input]; Backup archivelog from sequence 121 until sequence 125; Backup archivelog from time ‘sysdate-30’ until time ‘sysdate-7’; ### backing up controlfile and spfile Backup (spfile) (current controlfile);

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Backup current controlfile tag=‘<tag_name>’; Backup current controlfile format ‘?/oradata/%F.ctl’; Backup controlfilecopy '/tmp/control01.ctl'; ### automatically backup controlfile Configure controlfile autobackup on | off; Backup current controlfile tag=’controlfile_27072007’; Configure controlfile autobackup format [for device type disk] to '?/oradata/%F.ctl'; ### backup datafile Backup datafile ‘system.dbf’; Backup datafile 48; Backup device type disk datafilecopy ‘/data2/backup/online/system_02.dbf’; Backup datafilecopy ‘/tmp/data01.dbf’; ### copying database files Copy [current] controlfile to ‘/tmp/control01.ctl’; Copy datafile 1 to ‘/tmp/1.dbf’; Copy datafile 1 to ‘/tmp/1.dbf’, 2 to ‘/tmp/2.dbf’, 3 to ‘/tmp/3.dbf’; Copy datafile 1 to ‘/data2/backup/datafile.dbf’; ### reporting backups List backup; List backup of database [summary]; List backup of datafile 48,49,50; List backup of datafile ‘<datafile_full_path/name>’; List backup of tablespace users; List backup of controlfile; List backup of archivelog all; List backup of archivelog [summary]; List backup of archivelog from sequence 1000 until sequence 1050; List copy; List copy of tablespace <ts_name>; List copy of archivelog from time=‘sysdate-7’; ### compressed backups RMAN> Backup as compressed backupset format ‘/oradata/backup/%d_%u.dbf’

database; RMAN> Sql ‘alter database archive log current’; RMAN> Backup as compressed backupset format ‘..’ archivelog all delete all

input; ### image copies and backupsets RMAN> Backup as backupset format ‘../data_06.bus’ datafile 6; RMAN> Backup as backupset datafile 6; RMAN> Backup as copy database; ### incremental restore to imagecopies RMAN> backup as copy incremental level 0 database tag db_whole_copy; RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag db_whole_copy

database tag db_copy_upd; RMAN> recover copy of database with tag db_whole_copy; RMAN> delete backupset tag db_copy_upd;

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Restore & Recover: ### Preparing Recovery SQL> Select Status from v$instance; SQL> Select

file#, status, error, recover, tablespace_name, name

from v$datafile_header;

SQL> Select r.file# as df#, d.name as df_name, t.name as tbsp_name, d.status, r.error, r.change#, r.time from v$recover_file r, v$datafile d, v$tablespace t where t.ts# = d.ts# and d.file# = r.file#; ### validating backed up database files Rman> Restore validate; Restore database validate; ### recovering full db Restore database; Recover database; Recover database # optionally, delete logs restored for recovery and limit disk space used Delete archivelog maxsize 100M # optionally, skip the recovery of some tablespaces Skip tablespace history; Recover database [delete archivelog [maxsize=1G]]; ### incomplete recovery run { set until time 'Nov 15 2001 09:00:00'; # you can use until clause with restore or recover commands # restore until ‘sysdate-7’; # recover until ‘sysdate-7’; # alternatively, you can specify SCN # set until scn 1000; # alternatively, you can specify log sequence number # set until sequence 9923;

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restore database; recover database; sql ‘alter database open resetlogs’; } ### recovering partial db sql 'alter tablespace <ts_name> offline immediate'; restore tablespace <ts_name>; recover tablespace <ts_name>; sql 'alter tablespace <ts_name> online; ### recovering spfile Rman> Startup force nomount; # force because spfile is lost Restore spfile; # if you are using a catalog Restore spfile from autobackup; # if in NOCATALOG mode Restore spfile to ‘/tmp/spfile<SID>.ora’ [from autobackup]; Restore spfile to pfile ‘/tmp/spfile<SID>.ora’ [from autobackup]; ### restoring controlfile from auto backup Rman> Restore controlfile from auto backup; --can be run in nomount mode ### restoring controlfile and a database Rman> # open with no controlfile Startup nomount; # if you dont use recovery catalog or you have more than one database with # the same dbname set dbid <select dbid from v$database> # specify a nondefault autobackup format only if required Set controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to ‘?/tmp/%F.ctl’; Restore controlfile [from autobackup] [maxdays 180]; # mount database Alter database mount; # restore database Restore database; Recover database; # open withy resetlogs bease controlfile is from backup Alter database open resetlogs; # dont forget to add temp files SQL ‘alter tablespace temp add tempfile “?/oradata/dbname/temp01.dbf” reuse’; # backup the database Shutdown immediate; Startup mount; Backup database; Alter database open; ### restoring to a new location ### restoring datafiles to a new location run { sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate'; sql 'alter tablespace tools offline immediate'; # restore the datafile to a new location set newname for datafile '?/trgt/users01.dbf' to '/tmp/users01.dbf'; set newname for datafile '?/trgt/tools01.dbf' to '/tmp/tools01.dbf'; restore tablespace users, tools;

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# point control file to new filenames switch datafile all; recover tablespace users, tools; sql 'alter tablespace users online; sql 'alter tablespace tools online; } Rman> Set newname for datafile ‘?/oradata/dbn/tools01.dbf’ to ‘/tmp/tools01.dbf’; Restore datafile ‘?/oradata/dbname/tools01.dbf’; Rman> Switch datafile ‘/tmp/tools01.dbf’ to datafilecopy ‘<new dbf name>’; ### restoring controlfile to a new location run { # to restore a control file created before a certain date, issue the # following # set command using a valid date for 'date_string'. you can also specify # an scn or log sequence number. # set until time = 'date_string'; restore controlfile to '/tmp/control01.ctl'; # restore to new location # replicate the control file manually to control_files locations restore controlfile from '/tmp/control01.ctl'; startup mount; } ### restoring archivelogs to a new location run { set archivelog destination to '/oracle/temp_restore'; restore archivelog all; # restore and recover datafiles as needed } run { # set a new location for logs 1 through 10. set archivelog destination to '/tmp'; restore archivelog from sequence 1 until sequence 10; # set a new location for logs 11 through 20. set archivelog destination to '?/oradata'; restore archivelog from sequence 11 until sequence 20; # set a new location for logs 21 through 30. set archivelog destination to '?/dbs'; restore archivelog from sequence 21 until sequence 30; restore archivelog from time 'sysdate-20' until time 'sysdate-19'; restore archivelog from time “to_date(’20.02.2008’,’DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS’)” until time “to_date(’22.02.2008’,’DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS’)”; # restore and recover datafiles as needed } ### performing disaster recovery ### 1 # Start RMAN and connect to the target database % rman TARGET SYS/oracle@trgt # set the DBID for the target database set dbid 676549873; startup force nomount; # rman starts instance with dummy parameter file

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run { allocate channel t1 device type sbt; restore spfile from autobackup; } startup force nomount; run { # manually allocate a channel to the media manager allocate channel t1 device type sbt; # restore an autobackup of the control file. this example assumes that you have # accepted the default format for the autobackup name. restore controlfile from autobackup; # the set until command is used in case the database # structure has changed in the most recent backups, and you wish to # recover to that point-in-time. ın this way rman restores # the database to the same structure that the database had at the specified time. set until sequence 1124 thread 1; alter database mount; restore database; recover database; } alter database open resetlogs; # reset the online logs after recovery completes ### 2 run { # if you need to restore the files to new locations, tell recovery # manager # to do this using set newname commands: set newname for datafile 1 to '/dev/vgd_1_0/rlvt5_500m_1'; set newname for datafile 2 to '/dev/vgd_1_0/rlvt5_500m_2'; set newname for datafile 3 to '/dev/vgd_1_0/rlvt5_500m_3'; allocate channel t1 device type sbt; restore controlfile from autobackup; set until sequence 124 thread 1; alter database mount; restore database; # update the control file with new location of the datafiles. switch datafile all; recover database; } alter database open resetlogs; ### blockrecover command blockrecover datafile 8 block 13 datafile 2 block 19; # restore from backupset blockrecover datafile 8 block 13 datafile 2 block 19 from backupset; # restore from datafile image copy blockrecover datafile 8 block 13 datafile 2 block 19 from datafilecopy; # restore using backups made before one week ago blockrecover datafıle 8 block 13 datafıle 2 block 19 restore until 'sysdate-7'; # restore using backups made before scn 100 blockrecover datafile 8 block 13 datafile 2 block 19 restore until scn 100; # restore using backups made before log sequence 7024

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blockrecover datafıle 8 block 13 datafıle 2 block 19 restore until sequence 7024; # recover the records in v$database_block_corruption blockrecover corruption list from backupset restore until time 'sysdate-10'; the v$database_block_corruption view indicates which blocks in a datafile were marked corrupt since the most recent backup, backup ... validate, or copy command was run. after a corrupt block is repaired, the row identifying this block is deleted from the view.  a historical record of block corruptions in rman backups and copies is kept in v$backup_corruption and v$copy_corruption.  

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Others: SQL ‘alter tablespace tools offline immediate’; SQL ‘alter tablespace tools online’; If using Catalog; Create script <script_name> { Backup Incremental level 0 Tag backup_whole_10 Fileperset 6 Database plus archivelog; #comment out } Backup as compressed backupset tablespace system, sysaux tag=system_backup; Delete backupset tag=system_backup; Run { Execute script <script_name>; } Sqlplus rman/pass@cat; Select * from rc_stored_script; Resync catalog; Alter system set controlfile_record_keep_time=7; #default 7

 Configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days; Configure retention policy to redundancy 2; Configure retention policy to none; ### no settings Configure retention policy clear; ### to default settings Show retention policy; Crosscheck backup; Crosscheck backup of database; Crosscheck copy [of database|tablespace|datafile]; Report obsolete; Report obsolete redundancy 2; Delete obsolete; Delete expired; Delete force; Delete backupset 4; Delete archivelog all backed up 2 times to device type disk; Delete copy of datafile 6 tag file6_extra; Catalog datafilecopy ‘<path_to_the copied_datafile>’; Change backupset 231 nokeep | keep;

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Change backupset 231 available | unavailable; Change backupset 231 nologs; Change backupset tag <tag_name> nokeep; Change backupset 231 uncatalog | catalog; ### system views V$backup_files; V$backup_set; V$backup_spfile; V$rman_configuration; V$backup_datafile; V$backup_corruption; V$copy_corruption; V$backup_device; V$database_block_corruption; V$backupset; v$archived_log v$backup_redolog v$backup_piece large pool backup restore operations I/O server processes Session memory fro shared users Large_pool_size (approximately 2gb) Rman dbwr_io_slaves (integer) backup_tape_io_slaves (true|false)  ### snapshot controlfile Show snapshot controlfile name; Configure snapshot controlfile name to ‘/tmp/controlfile_snapshot.ctl’; Configure snapshot controlfile name clear; 

### validating backups and backupsets restore controlfile validate; restore tablespace system validate; restore archivelog all validate; list backupset; list copy; list backup of controlfile; list backup of archivelog from time "to_date('16.01.2008','DD.MM.YYYY')" until time "to_date('17.01.2008','DD.MM.YYYY')"; validate backupset 1121; configure backup optimization on|off; show backup optimization; show datafile backup copies; report schema; report need backup; --files need backup report unrecoverable; report need backup incremental 3 [database];

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report need backup days 3; report need backup days 3 [tablespace ‘<ts_name>’]; report need backup redundancy 3; change datafilecopy ‘...’ unavailable; change backup of controlfile unavailable | available; change copy of archivelog sequence between 230 and 240 unavailable; change ... keep | nokeep; change backupset 123 keep forever nologs; change datafile copy ‘...’ keep until ‘sysdate + 60’; ### environment variables and instance parameters #export nls_date_format=dd-mm-yy hh24:mi:ss #export NLS_LANG=american_america.we8iso8859p9 SQLPLUS> show parameter control_file_record_keep_time SQLPLUS> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest SQLPLUS> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest_size

### minimize load | time RMAN> Backup as compressed backupset format ‘/oradata/backup/%d_%u.dbf’ duration 8:00 minimize [time | load] fileperset 1 database;

### enabling block change tracking SQL> Alter database enable block change tracking using file

‘/oradata/backup/change_tracking.dbf’; SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;

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Example Scripts: Backup controlfile run { Allocate channel dev1 type disk format ‘c:\backup\%u’; backup current controlfile; } recover using backup controlfile (startup mount) run { allocate channel dev1 type disk; restore controlfile; alter database mount; restore database; recover database; sql “alter database open resetlogs”; } backup all datafiles and controlfile run { allocate channel dev1 type disk; backup full tag = ‘full backup’ database include current controlfile format = ‘c..’; release chanel dev1; } restore because of missing file (first mount the database and run rman) run {

allocate channel dev1 type disk; restore database; recover database;

} restore until time --‘set until time’ must match with the variable NLS_DATE_FORMAT run { #sql “alter session set nls_date_format=’’dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss’’”; #set until time “01-05-2008 08:00:00”

set until time ‘May 1 2000 08:00:00’; allocate channel dev1 type disk; shutdown abort; startup mount; restore controlfile; alter database mount; restore database; recover database; sql ‘alter database open resetlogs’;

} purge obsolete backups report obsolete redundancy 3 device type disk; report obsolete orphan; //use this report to fill xxx below run { allocate channel for maintenance type disk; allocate channel for delete type disk;

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change backuppiece ‘c:\backup\xxx’ delete; release channel; } backup all archive logs run { allocate channel dev1 type disk format ‘c\backup\%u’; backup archivelog all [delete input | skip inaccessible]; } parallelization run { allocate channel c1 type sbt; allocate channel c2 type sbt; allocate channel c3 type sbt; backup incremental level 0 format ‘...’ (datafile 1,4,5 channel c1 tag=DF1) (datafile 2,3,9 channel c1 tag=DF2) (datafile 6,7,8 channel c1 tag=DF3); alter system archive log current; }; *** run { allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; set until time = ‘2000-12-09:11:44:00’; restore database; recover database; alter database open resetlogs; } run { set until sequence 120 thread 1; alter database mount; restore database; recover database; //recovers through log 119 alter database open resetlogs; } Run {

Allocate channel t1 type sbt_tape; Allocate channel t2 type sbt_tape; Backup copy of database delete input; Backup archivelog all delete all input; Release channel t1; Release channel t2; Allocate channel d1 type disk; Allocate channel d2 type disk; Backup as copy database; Release channel d1; Release channel d2;

}

select * from v$backup_piece where trunc(start_time)=trunc(ysdate-1) select t1.file#, t2.name, t1.incremental_level, t1.datafile_blocks, t1.blocks, t1.block_size, t1.completion_time

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from v$backup_datafile t1 LEFT JOIN v$datafile t2 ON (t1.file# = t2.file#) where trunc(t1.completion_time)=trunc(sysdate-1) select count(*) from v$datafile

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10g enhancements RUN { # Set the default channel configuration. Note the use of the # %U directive to insure unique file names for the image copies ALLOCATE CHANNEL dbkp1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT 'c:\oracle\rmanbkup\U%'; # Create an image copy of all datafiles in the database BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE; } Oracle Error : ORA‐19590: conversation already active   Cause: You tried to begin a backup or restore conversation, but another conversation is already active in this session.  Action: Either continue the current conversation, or call backupCancel or restoreCancel to end the current conversation before starting a new one