oral english slides new

8/4/2019 Oral English Slides New

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LANGUAGE ENHANCEMENT

Oral ProficiencyDR. FERDINAND N. CORTEZUniversity of Saint Louis Tuguegarao


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LANGUAGE SKILLS ENHANCEMENT(ORAL ENGLISH)

VOICE- vehicle by which people share/transmit ideas.connects the speaker and listener, the teacher and thestudent.PARALANGUAGE- loudness level, the rate of speech, or howrapid or slow one speaks, the way silence is used, the range of

vocal pitches and the vocal quality of the speaker

ELEMENTS OF VOICEVolume: the intensity, the loudness or softness of thespeakers voiceRate: the speed at which the speaker speaks, to be adjustedto the topic or subject being discussedPitch: the highness or lowness of the speaking voiceVocal Variety: needed to heighten and maintain attention andinterest of the listeners


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DICTION- articulation of speech sounds clearly and pronunciationof words correctly

Articulation: forming individual speech sounds correctly with your

mouth, so they combine to produce an understandable word.

Pronunciation: stressing and accenting the right syllables in a word

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

Each language has its own system. English has sounds not found inthe Filipinos mother tongue. Further, the spelling of English wordscannot be a guide for the pronunciation of the words. Filipinolearners may have errors through:Substitutions : paib for five,Englis for EnglishOmissions : ak for act,ask for asked

Intrusions : evening,business,calmThe fundamental method of learning a language is by imitating thepronunciation of an educated speaker.


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The two steps of learning a language:

Recognition of sounds: ear trainingto be able to distinguish the correct sound from theincorrect sound (pried pis for fried fish) and to

distinguish one sound from another (mom-mum-maam;mop-map, tree-three)

ReproductionConscious reproduction- through practice

Unconscious reproduction- after the speech habitshave been formed


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RHYTHM OF ENGLISHWord Stress- In words of more than one syllable (polysyllabic),one syllable will receive more stress that the others to give it

more importance. The stressed syllable is given: more force,higher pitch, and larger durationExample: teacher, comfortable, testimony

A long word frequently has two stressed syllables, aprimary accent and a secondary accent.

Example: pro-NUN-ci-A-tionE-du-CA-tion

Generally, unstressed vowels are obscured ordeemphasized and given the sound of schwa or [I]Example: people, motor, seven, language

Prefixes of negation should be stressed:Example: uneven, incoherent, disadvantaged


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Sentence Stress- content words, or words that have meaning inthemselves are stressed. These are nouns, verbs (except linkingand auxiliary verbs), adjectives and adverbs. Two others are given

stress: demonstratives (this, that) and interrogatives (Who,What, Why etc.) Function words, like articles, pronouns,prepositions, conjunctions, and linking and helping verbs are notstressedPhrasing and Pausing

Normally, all but the shortest sentences are dividedinto two or more parts or thought groups. Generally pausesare made after a group of words which has an idea, such asphrase or clause

Example:Phrasing/ depends upon the meaning/ of what you say./

No pauses should be made to separate articles or adjectivesand the nouns they modify auxiliary and main verbs, prepositionsand objects, and adverbs andverbs they modify etc.


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Pausing is necessary in a sentence for the following reasons:To separate ideas and set them apart as units of thought , tomake the meaning clear

Example:He rose awkwardly/ looked about nervously/clutched his throat/shifted his weight once or twice/ and finally began to speak.To point up an important idea to be expressed.

Example:The most dangerous force operating today is/ apathy of the peopleTo enable the speaker to catch his breath in a long sentenceTo allow the speaker some time to organize his thoughtsTo allow the audience to digest the words previously saidTo serve as verbal punctuation marks in a sentence, especially when

there are commas, colons, semi-colons in the printed pageTo signal change of ideas or change of mood


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Blending- an interrupted flow of breath within the thought group/ lamateacher/ from the college of liberal arts/.

Intonation- is the tune of what we say

The basic intonation pattern of English is the rising-falling

intonation. At the end of the sentence, the voice rises abovenormal, then falls to low.

The high note coincides with the last sentence stress.

If the last sentence stress is on the very last syllable, the voice makes

an inflection, which is a slide from high to low in the syllable

All English sentences use the rising-falling intonations exceptquestions answerable by yes or no


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CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATIONVerbal

Words to carry meaning: clear, concise, concreteGrammar cleanOrganization logical, coherentVocabulary rich

Non- Verbal: Aural and Visuala. Voice- paralanguageVolume ToneRate VarietyPitch Expressiveness


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b. DictionPronunciation of sounds of English

StressPhrasing and PausingBlendingIntonationc. Body Language- KinesicsFaceEye contactDress and appearancePosture and movements

Gesturesd. Space- proxemicse. Touch- hapticsf. Time- chronemics

g. Iconics- symbols


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VOICE AND DICTION FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHINGThe Aural Channel

I. VOICEElements: Volume - intelligibility, clarity

Rate - speed of speechPitch - highness or lownessVariety - volume, pitch, rateFlexibility - to avoid monotony,

underscore ideas


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II.DICTIONA.1. Articulation- sharing of speechsounds; forming words vocally withcrispness and precision2. Pronunciation- stressing and accentingthe right syllables in a word

B.Speech RhythmWord StressSentence Stress

Pausing and Phrasing in tough groupsBlending within the thought groupsIntonation patterns


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CRITICAL SOUNDS OF ENGLISH

I. Consonants

f - fine soft th - three

v - love hard th - fathersh - English zh - Asiach - Speech z - zero,isj - college t - time, looked


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II. Vowels

short a - map closed o - no, orallong a - late open o - law, aural

short i - sit o equals a - hot, Godlong i - seat

Short u or schwa sound - cup, run

In unstressed vowels - diction,pronunciation,semester,teacher, even, seven


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DRILLSI. Consonantf - fine, find, four, face, fall, friend, Philippines,

effect, perfect, fifty, difficult, fifteen, define,half, life, proof, off, safe, laugh, tough

v - very, vote, value, vital, visit, vivid, vase,favor, seven, never, over, river, advice, convince,love, live, give, serve, drive, believe, receive

sh - she, shall, share, show, sharp, champagne, sure,fashion, cushion, election, vacation, delicious,conscious, English, Spanish, brush, dish, fish,crush, crash

ch - chair, chapter, chief, channel, challenge, champion,teacher, preacher, virtue, creature, actual,feature, speech, teach, March, French, much, rich,reach, such


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j - job, join, joke, June, gentle, genius, general, jewel,enjoy, magic, subject, angel, major, individual, large,image, edge, pledge, college, change, verge

soft th - three, thirsty, think, thank, thing, Thursday, theme,

nothing, birthday, mathematics, method, author,athlete, bath, south, youth, mouth, teeth, month,strength

hard th - this, then, therefore, thus, they, though, the, their,these, father, mother, rather, other, either, further,brother, with, breathe, loathe, clothe, bathe, soothe

z - zero, zebra, zoo, zipper, zap, zeal, zealot, zinc,freeze, breeze, blaze, analyze, criticize, verbalize,heroism, journalism, plagiarism, egoism, lionize

(s endings) -boys, girls, schools, does, is, please, because,wise, choose, lose, use, abuse, propose

zh - pleasure, measure, treasure, vision, usual, leisure,seizure, Asia, corsage, garage, prestige, messages

t - time, today, tomorrow, talk, teach, test, tonight, ten,act, subject, perfect, correct, absent, distract, rent,dropped, talked, stopped, liked, worked, packed,finished


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II. VOWELSShort a - Maam, map, man, cap, blank, fact,

add, subtract, bad, sad, land, cash, lamp, lack,math, pass, last, fast, ask, answer, thank, that,lab, land, crash, track, catch, grammar, gather,lack, transfer, faculty, land, exam, example,actually, finance, balance, absent, practice,

personality, canteen, married, guarantee,satisfies, sandwich, salad, practical, anchor,language, Spanish, program, channel, Saturday,anthem, graduate, preliminary, applicant, status,parents, talent, accident, character,

personality, capital, matter, happen, master,manager, standard, value, analyze, analysis,national


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Mum- mom- maam rung-rang fun-fanHut-hot-hat sung-sang pot-patCup-cop-cap drunk-drank rock-rack

Luck-lock-lack drug-drag cough-calfStuck-stock-stack begun-began lust-lastSuck-sock-sack flush-flash pus-passMud-mod-mad bug-bag ton-tanStump-stomp-stamp block-black adopt-adapt


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Long i - seat, bee, see, speak, read, teach, eat, leave,she, each, even, fever, believe, receive, meet,

leap, teeth, breathe, deal, free, cheese, easy,field, please, repeat, least, feel

Short i - in, this, it, fill, fit, ship, live, sit, slip,chip, lady, baby, ready, Miss, mister, women,

many, critic, captain, mountain, fountain, certain,curtain, language, village, advantage, sausage,college, knowledge, senate, climate, graduate,immediate

Live-leave fit-feet hill-healStill-steal sit-seat sick-seekItch-each grin-green hit-heatBit-beat pitch-peach hill-heelFill-feel bitch-beach ship-sheep


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Closed o - no, so, also, zero, radio, video, stereo,colon, motto, potato, though, solo, vocal,local, going, know, show, slow, grow, tallow,follow, tomorrow, only, omit, over, open, okay,old, cold, bold, told, notice, vocabulary,pronunciation, October, November, moment

Open o - law, saw, lawn, pawn, slaw, thaw, dawn,awesome, daughter, author, audit, taut,

laudable, bought, taught, water, warm,warning, war, bald, broad

Letter o - [a]hot, God, mop, office, Orator, progress,

object, opposite, body, operator, comment,Congress, contest, bottom, color, common,logic, sorry, apologize, dollar, foreign,commandant, sponsor, philosophy, sociology,biology, economics, doctor, orange, scholar,

comfort, October, comma, double


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Short u - but, cup, cut, culture, fundamental, wonder,color, flood, blood, tongue, love, money, young,

closet, gloves, Mother, sun, son, done, one,won, once, oven, her, term, germ, herb, clerk,nerve, serve, err, church, curve, turn, burn,curse, purse, hurt, blurt, word, work, world,worm, worse, worst, bird, third, girl, girdle,

circle, virgin, birth, thirst

schwa- the neutral sound in unstressed vowelsfather, mother, preacher, mentor, color,favor, mental, final, motor, little, vehicle,

title, example, contribute, distribute, picture,lecture, tenure, doctor, professor, similar,registrar, moment, judgment, assignment,seven, chicken, eleven, even, wanted, rented


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WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED1. a piece of paper, a sheet of paper, pad paper, coupon bond, rubber

band, fax, people, our, hour

2. [] centennial, millennium, decade, prevalent, scarce, sever, diabetic,depreciate, prayer3. [] culture, fundamental, ultimate, multi-lingual, country, southern,

journalism, journey4. poem, renege, nuisance, unravel, awry, privy, president, precedent (n),

precedent (adj)

5. [ j ] education, graduate, gradual, soldier6. [ d ] radio, audio, video, studio, audience, dual, duty, due, duet, dew7. [gz] exam, example, exact, exist, exotic, exhort8. contrasting pairs: [ s ] and [ z ]ice-eyes precedent-president house (n)-house (v)price-prize face-phase use - use

rice-rise place-plays advice - advisepeace-piece loose-loselice-lies gross-growslacy-lazy cease-sees-seize

DIPHTHONGS


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DIPHTHONGS[aI] life, time, night, right, bright, why,

icon, wise, file, Im,Ive,Ill, cry, try,apply, feisty, heist

[au] how, now, brown, cow, out, our, hour,oust, town, towel, powder, loud, proud,abound

,I] boy, toy, joy, oil, boil, toil, poise]coin, join, joint, voice, noisy, soy, point,anoint

[eI] day, play, pray, prey, eight, ate, late,

mate, train, brain, stain, stale, stage,raid, maid, aim, ache, April, angel, lady,away, sale, bake, matinee, sachet,gauge, amoral, apolitical, latent,heinous, remain, abstain, retain, Amen


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SENTENCES1. Ask not what your country can do for you: ask

what you can do for your country

2. Know then thyself, presume not God to scan. Theproper study of mankind is man

3. Breathes there the man with soul so dead. Whonever to himself hath said This is my own, mynative land?

4. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one

day this nation will rise up and live out the truemeaning of its creed: We hold these truths tobe self-evident: that all men are created equal.


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COMMONLY MISPRONOUNCED WORDS:

Stress/Syllabication1. Professor 11. amicable 21. pronunciation2. semester 12. negotiate 22. education3. committee 13. talented 23. preliminary4. honorable 14. orator 24. subsidiary

5. distinguished 15. condolence 25. manual6. eligible 16. interpret 26. actually7. ceremony 17. appreciate 27. communication8. circumstances 18. controversy 28. clarification9. contribute 19. testimony 29. anniversary10. accuracy 20. percentage 30. differentiate


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