order-maintenance policing for police departments

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Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance Policingfor Police Departmentsfor Police Departments


““The Police Are Paying The Police Are Paying Attention”Attention”

Criminal Justice SystemsCriminal Justice Systems

Dr. Robelyn A. GarciaDr. Robelyn A. Garcia

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(December 7, 2013(December 7, 2013))

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•Police are key to order maintenancePolice are key to order maintenance

•Policing strategy that makes sensesPolicing strategy that makes senses

•Reducing crime by restoring orderReducing crime by restoring order

•Restoring order by reducing crimeRestoring order by reducing crime

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(Bratton & Kelling, 2006)

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Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingPhilosophyPhilosophy

Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingPhilosophyPhilosophy

•This type of policing involves an aggressive enforcement of minor offenses and disorder to reduce more serious types of crime and overall crime rate.

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(Rosenfeld, Fornango, & Rengifo, 2007)

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Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingComponentsComponents

Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingComponentsComponents

•Broken Windows TheoryBroken Windows Theory

•Quality of Life InitiativeQuality of Life Initiative

•Zero ToleranceZero Tolerance

•Stop, Question, & FriskStop, Question, & Frisk

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(Rosenfeld, et. al., 2007)(Rosenfeld, et. al., 2007)

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The Goal of The Goal of Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance Policing

The Goal of The Goal of Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance Policing

Criminal Justice GoalCriminal Justice Goal

• Ultimate goal of repression of Ultimate goal of repression of criminal behavior by criminal behavior by apprehension, conviction, and apprehension, conviction, and punishment of offenders of punishment of offenders of quality of life crimes.quality of life crimes.


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Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance Policing• Quality-of-life offensesQuality-of-life offenses

•VagrancyVagrancy•LoiteringLoitering•ProstitutionProstitution•GraffitiGraffiti•PanhandlingPanhandling•Public drunkennessPublic drunkenness•VandalismVandalism•Minor drug useMinor drug use•Public urinationPublic urination•Related breaches of public orderRelated breaches of public order

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(Rosenfeld, et. al., 2007)(Rosenfeld, et. al., 2007)

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Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance Policing

The Broken-Windows Theory

•Developed in 1982 by Wilson and Kelling, is a philosophical underpinning of order-maintenance policing arguing that when misdemeanor crimes (broken windows) are addressed (fixed) then major crimes are prevented.

•Supplies the rationale and theoretical framework of crime control through order maintenance for the quality-of-life initiative.


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Order-Maintenance PolicingOrder-Maintenance PolicingSupporting Research


•60,000 violent crimes were prevented in New 60,000 violent crimes were prevented in New York City between 1989 and 1998 by order-York City between 1989 and 1998 by order-maintenance policing.maintenance policing.

•The Police Commissioner credited the quality-The Police Commissioner credited the quality-of-life initiative as the sole and primary reason of-life initiative as the sole and primary reason for the New York City drop in crime rates.for the New York City drop in crime rates.

•In 27 months, serious crime in NYC decreased by 33% and the murder rate was cut in half by order-maintenance policing.

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia

(Bratton & Kelling, 2006; (Bratton & Kelling, 2006; Kelling & Bratton, 1998)Kelling & Bratton, 1998)

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•Las Vegas Police Department had a 18.3% Las Vegas Police Department had a 18.3% reduction in serious offenses within their reduction in serious offenses within their order-maintenance unit experimental area.order-maintenance unit experimental area. •Statewide felony assault and robbery Statewide felony assault and robbery declined immediately in California when declined immediately in California when implementing order-maintenance policing; implementing order-maintenance policing; burglary and other crimes also declined. burglary and other crimes also declined.

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(Pace, 2010; Worrall, 2006)(Pace, 2010; Worrall, 2006)

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Policy RecommendationsPolicy Recommendationsl

Quality of Life Initiative for Quality of Life Initiative for Public SpacesPublic Spaces

•Department wide mandated training.

•Disorder in public spaces instills the fear of crime in law abiding citizens and causes abandonment of public spaces, creating opportunities for serious crimes.

•This initiative will restore order, public confidence and bring down overall crime rate.

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia(Bratton & Knobler, 1998) (Bratton & Knobler, 1998)

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Policy RPolicy RecommendationsecommendationsPolicy RPolicy Recommendationsecommendations

Police Order-Maintenance UnitPolice Order-Maintenance Unit

•Specialized unit designed to reduce minor and Specialized unit designed to reduce minor and major offenses in high-crime communities by major offenses in high-crime communities by arresting persons for minor infractions.arresting persons for minor infractions.

•Extensive police strategies and efforts designed to Extensive police strategies and efforts designed to address specific community crime problems while address specific community crime problems while reducing crime and fear of crime.reducing crime and fear of crime.

•Decreases tension between the police and the Decreases tension between the police and the community by sending a message that the police community by sending a message that the police care and will enforce community standards.care and will enforce community standards.

(Pace, 2010; (Pace, 2010; Bratton & Kelling, 2006 Bratton & Kelling, 2006 Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia

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References References Bratton, W. & Knobler, P. (1998). Bratton, W. & Knobler, P. (1998). Turnaround: How America’s Top CopTurnaround: How America’s Top Cop

Reversed the Crime EpidemicReversed the Crime Epidemic. New York: Random House.. New York: Random House.

Bratton, W. & Kelling, G. (2006). There are no cracks in theBratton, W. & Kelling, G. (2006). There are no cracks in the

broken Windows. broken Windows. National ReviewNational Review. (February 28); p. 2.. (February 28); p. 2.

Kelling, G. & Bratton, W. (1998). Declining crime rates: Insiders’ views of Kelling, G. & Bratton, W. (1998). Declining crime rates: Insiders’ views of

the New York City story. the New York City story. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology

88:1217–32.88:1217–32.

Pace, S., (2010). Assessing the impact of police order maintenance unitsPace, S., (2010). Assessing the impact of police order maintenance units

on crime: An application of the Broken Windows Hypothesis. on crime: An application of the Broken Windows Hypothesis.

UNLV Theses/Dissertations. Paper 372. Retrieved 8-9-13 fromUNLV Theses/Dissertations. Paper 372. Retrieved 8-9-13 from

http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/372http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/372

Rosenfeld, R., Fornango, R., & Rengifo, A.F. (2007). The impact of order-

maintenance policing on New York City homicide and robbery rates,

1998-2001. Criminology, 45, 355-384.

Worrall, J. (2006). Does targeting minor offenses reduce serious crime? AWorrall, J. (2006). Does targeting minor offenses reduce serious crime? A

provisional, affirmative answered based on analysis of county-provisional, affirmative answered based on analysis of county- level level

data. Police Quarterly, 9, 47-72.data. Police Quarterly, 9, 47-72.

Robelyn A. GarciaRobelyn A. Garcia

order-maintenance policing for police departments

Education

goal of order

fear of crime

kelling bratton

police departments police

type of policing

crime epidemic

serious types of crime

overall crime rate