order of the solar temple rels 225 cults and new religious movements rels 225 cults and new...
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Order of the Solar Temple
Order of the Solar Temple
RELS 225Cults and New Religious Movements
RELS 225Cults and New Religious Movements
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Slide 2.
BackgroundBackground• 1805 Bernard-
Raymond Fabre-Palaprat founded the Order of the Temple
• 1966 Breyer & Roquemaure: Sovereign Order of the Solar Temple
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Slide 3.
FoundingFounding• Joseph Di Mambro and Luc Jouret
in 1984• Morin Heights, Quebec• two villas as personal residences. • Di Mambro
• born in France • skilled clock maker and jeweler• interested in esoteric religions at a young
age• created “Foundation Golden Way”
• Luc Jouret • born in Belgium in 1947 • Studied medicine at a University in Brussels • strong interest in “freemasonry, the
Albigenses, Cathars” and • Di Mambro invited Jouret to speak
at the Golden Way • On homeopathy
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Slide 4.
Members of Solar TempleMembers of Solar Temple
• 200-300 established members • journalists and the disgruntled
ex-members’ criticism led to closed doors
• Canada and Switzerland• early 1990’s, approximately
100 members recruitment targeted reputable people
• Gilles Devault, mayor of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Perade?
• 15 employees of Hydro Quebec• police agent Daniel Tougas expelled
for his association with the Solar Temple (wife attended lectures)
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Slide 5.
BeliefsBeliefs
• members belonged to “the pivotal elite” which “has been removed from the collective by superhuman effort”
• did not belong to the “human world but rather, to the race of Gods”.
• couples must separate if one was not a member
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Slide 6.
ClaimsClaims• Di Mambro and Jouret were
members of the “14 Century Christian Order of the Knights Templar” during a previous life.
• Di Mambro’s daughter, Emanuelle was “the cosmic child” and would safely lead them to another place after their death.
• conceived without sex, when Joseph pointed a magical sword at his wife’s throat.
• the child with power to “rebuild the Temple and prevent the Apocalypse”.
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Slide 7.
ActivitiesActivities• assist the arrival of the New Age• meditative and occult disciplines • elaborate rituals to achieve
enlightened state of consciousness.
• dress in white mantles, wear a red cross around their neck while walking side by side into a round room.
• Under their robes are long swords
• raise them together towards the light.
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Slide 8.
TeachingsTeachings
• “soul travel between earthly existence and eternal transcendence”
• claim to “bridge the gulfs of separation between this world and other realms, between the historical present and other times, between finite life and infinite immortality”.
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Slide 9.
Escalating CrisisEscalating Crisis• transporting firearms • Economic problems
• embezzling money• convinced members to donate to the Solar Temple• for “life centers” in Canada and Chiery. • actually spent on personal expenses and living costs
• suspicions of Di Mambro and Jouret • Some members began distancing themselves from the group• leaders “had reached a point that they could no longer
accept the questioning of or disagreement with their views”• Therefore began teaching “transition”
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Slide 10.
Transition Transition
• leaders claimed to direct members to escape to the world of higher reality.
• All members were elite • “heirs to an uncommon destiny” • “invested with a cosmic task to fulfill”.
• believed that they would become gods upon death
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Slide 11.
Tragedy: September 1994Tragedy: September 1994
• Murders• Dutoit family • Di Mambro said their son Emmanuel was
Antichrist• Boy killed by wooden stake stabbed through
heart• Parents also murdered
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Slide 12.
Tragedy: October, 1994Tragedy: October, 1994
• Fire in Quebec villa• 5 burned bodies• 3 of them stabbed to death
• Mass suicides, murders and fires • simultaneously in Switzerland and Quebec• Di Mambro and Jouret planned deaths of many members,
including their own• Quebec deaths
• 15 ‘inner’ circle members by the use of poison• 30 by bullets or smothering • 8 others killed as traitors
• Another 48 members in a mass suicide • Some with plastic bags over their heads,
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Slide 13.
InvestigationInvestigation
• a cassette tape of a conversation between Di Mambro and Jouret about their intended “departure”
• building in France equipped with same fire-activating device as in Switzerland and Quebec. • Remote detonatation
• October 13th 1994: discovery of Luc Jouret and Di Mambro’s charred bodies
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Slide 14.
Tragedy: December 21, 1995Tragedy: December 21, 1995
• 16 more members took their own lives
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Slide 15.
Tragedy: March 22, 1997Tragedy: March 22, 1997
• 5 more members took their own lives
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Slide 16.
Comparison to Jonestown and Waco
Comparison to Jonestown and Waco
• intentionally organized death by “transit”, public and authorities fearful
• Police worried of repetitions at new moon, equinox or anniversary