oregon department of agriculture fertilizer research grant natural resources conservation...
DESCRIPTION
WELCOME & THANKS. Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist. Soil & Water Conservation Society Oregon Branch. Soil Quality Assessments Teresa Matteson. Define Soil Quality. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant
• Natural Resources Conservation Service
• Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist.• Soil & Water Conservation Society
Oregon Branch
WELCOME & THANKS
![Page 2: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Soil Quality AssessmentsTeresa Matteson
![Page 3: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The capacity of a soil to:• Sustain plant and animal productivity.• Maintain or enhance water and air quality.• Support human health and habitation.
Define Soil Quality
![Page 4: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Soil Quality?
![Page 5: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Land management impacts Soil Quality - for better or for worse.
2. Field & Lab assessments encourage informed management decisions that:
• Lower production costs• Reduce environmental impacts• Build soil capital
Take Home Messages
![Page 6: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Management and Soil Quality
Soil Organisms
Soil Structure
Organic Matter
Water Infiltration
Vegetation
Soil Quality
![Page 7: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Soil Quality Assessment• Field Observations• Laboratory Tests
![Page 8: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WV Soil Quality Card
Willamette Valley Soil Quality Card (EM 8711)
Willamette Valley Soil Quality Card Guide (EM 8710)
Online at OSU Extension publications
Do this at HOME!!!
![Page 9: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NRCS SQ Test Kithttp://soils.usda.gov/sqi/assessment/test_kit.html
![Page 10: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Do this at HOME!!!A simple set of tools to measure infiltration.
![Page 11: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Infiltration = Pore Space = Compaction
![Page 12: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Water Infiltration
1. Reduces erosion2. Minimizes water pollution3. Increases irrigation efficiency4. Prevents flooding5. Is cost effective
![Page 13: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Field Observations• Laboratory Tests
Get to know your soil better!
![Page 14: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sample Collection
10 shovels of soil = composite sample10 compaction readings
![Page 15: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lab AssessmentsAnswer is in the BAG!
![Page 16: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SQP Report$100/sample
• Weeds• Bare soil• Hx: Intensive till• No OM inputs
Sample ID#23
Sampling Date
Field Agent
Field Soil Texture
sandy loam
Management
Value Units Range for SQP soils Constraints
Soil Textural Class 73 % sand
16 % silt
11 % clay
Aggregate Stability 10 % 5-89 aeration, infiltration, rooting, crusting
Surface Hardness 545 psi 9-575 root growth, water transmission
Subsurface Hardness 628 psi 55-628 rooting at depth
Organic Matter 1.1 % 1.0-11.5energy, C storage, water and nutrient holding
Active Carbon 145 mg/kg soil (ppm)
98-901organic material to support biological functions
Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen 0.0
ppm N per day at
22 oC0.04 - 0.66 ability to supply N
Recommended ranges west of the Cascades - check crop fertilizer guide.
Extractable Phosphorus 17 ppm 4-242low < 20; medium 20-40;
high 40-100; excessive >100
Extractable Potassium 129 ppm 102-1070low <150; medium 150-250;
high 250-800; excessive >800
Extractable Calcium 1400 ppm 1400-4739low <1000; medium 1000-2000;
high >2000
Extractable Magnesium 391 ppm 123-874 low <60; medium 60-180; high >180
pH 6.7 4.8-7.4Most crops grow best in soil pH between 6.0-7.5
Bio
logi
cal
Che
mic
al
fallow
Indicators
Phys
ical
n/asandy loam
weeds and bare soil
Soil Quality Assessment ReportName of Farmer Farm name
Farm LocationOR
Field ID per farmer GPS Coordinates
Last Crops Grown
![Page 17: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SQP Report
• Row crop rotation• 20 yr OM• Cultivation
Sample ID#1
Sampling Date
Field Agent
Field Soil Texture
loam
Management
Value Units Range for SQP soils Constraints
Soil Textural Class 36 % sand
39 % silt
25 % clay
Aggregate Stability 27 % 5-89
Surface Hardness 38 psi 9-575
Subsurface Hardness 178 psi 55-628
Organic Matter 6.6 % 1.0-11.5
Active Carbon 1151 mg/kg soil (ppm)
98-901
Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen 1.6
ppm N per day at
22 oC0.04 - 0.66
Recommended ranges west of the Cascades - check crop fertilizer guide.
Extractable Phosphorus 201 ppm 4-242low < 20; medium 20-40;
high 40-100; excessive >100
Extractable Potassium 1260 ppm 102-1070low <150; medium 150-250;
high 250-800; excessive >800
Extractable Calcium 3700 ppm 1400-4739low <1000; medium 1000-2000;
high >2000
Extractable Magnesium 542 ppm 123-874 low <60; medium 60-180; high >180
pH 7.1 4.8-7.4Most crops grow best in soil pH between 6.0-7.5
Bio
logi
cal
Che
mic
al
subsoil 1 x per year; disk; rotovate; veg residues left standing; garlic undercutter; deep tillage passes 1-2/year
Indicators
Phys
ical
n/aloam
mixed vegetable crops
Soil Quality Assessment ReportName of Farmer Farm name
Farm LocationOR
GOOD SQ DEMO
Field ID per farmer GPS Coordinates
Last Crops Grown
![Page 18: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CompactionSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
Dickey-john compaction tester
Maximum pressure in two depth ranges:
0-6 inches6-18 inches
![Page 19: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Compaction
Pores spaces are where plant roots get air, water, and nutrients. Soil compaction decreases valuable pore space between soil particles.
Uncompacted soil Compacted soil
pore space
soil particles
Adapted from Sulzman and Frey, 2003
Decrease in pore spaces are where plants get air, water, and nutrients.
Adapted from Sulzman and Frey, 2003
Field Assessment
![Page 20: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Less Greater
Compaction
Field Observations
![Page 21: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Try this at home!
Test yourcompaction!
Use what you have:• Fingers• Shovel• Pin flag• Rod
![Page 22: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Why Compaction?
• EROSION! 500 yrs = 1 in. top soil
• INFILTRATION!
• CO$T!!!! Production Environment
![Page 23: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Three steps of water erosion
Most erosion is initiated by the impact of raindrops, NOT by the flow of running water
![Page 24: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
USA 1930’s Dust Bowl
Wikipedia… “The phenomenon was caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques to prevent wind erosion.[1] Deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains had displaced the natural deep-rooted grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds.”
![Page 25: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ways to Improve Soil
• Reduce disturbance• Work soil when dry• Avoid compaction• Add organic materials
Mulch soil surface Cover crops
![Page 26: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Soil Quality Network
Get on the Map!June 2013
![Page 27: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes. ~Marcel Proust
Betsiboka River, MadagascarVia Space Shuttle
![Page 28: Oregon Department of Agriculture Fertilizer Research Grant Natural Resources Conservation Service Benton Soil & Water Conservation Dist](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56816943550346895de0cad5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Teresa MattesonBenton SWCD541-753-7208
Thanks for attending this Soil Health Workshop!