oregon’s forest future

Oregon’s Forest Oregon’s Forest FutureFuture

Oregon’s Forest Oregon’s Forest FutureFuture

Dean Hal Salwasser at OSU Over LunchDean Hal Salwasser at OSU Over LunchPortland, ORPortland, ORMay 10, 2005May 10, 2005

Charting a Course to Charting a Course to Prosperity and VitalityProsperity and Vitality

What We’ll CoverWhat We’ll Cover

A vision for forestsA vision for forests

Forest valuesForest values

American forests in a global contextAmerican forests in a global context

Sustainability and forestsSustainability and forests

Different roles for different forestsDifferent roles for different forests

The work aheadThe work ahead

The “Whole Forest” ViewThe “Whole Forest” View

All Forests:All Forests: fromfrom urban forests and tree farms to parks and urban forests and tree farms to parks and

wildernesswilderness

All Forest Products:All Forest Products: fromfrom wood and water to wild wood and water to wild things things

and wild places and wild places

All Forest Practices:All Forest Practices: from preservation and protection to from preservation and protection to

restoration and productionrestoration and production

All ForestAll Forest Uses:Uses: fromfrom recreation and learning to jobs and recreation and learning to jobs and

cultural vitalitycultural vitality

All Forest Values:All Forest Values: fromfrom carbon stores and jobs to carbon stores and jobs to

sources sources of life and cultural heritage of life and cultural heritage

A Vision for Forests …A Vision for Forests …

Sustain and enrich human well being through Sustain and enrich human well being through

diverse values, uses, products and services;diverse values, uses, products and services;

Managed and conserved to meet changing Managed and conserved to meet changing

needs based on local knowledge plus ever-needs based on local knowledge plus ever-

improving science and technologies;improving science and technologies;

Serve current and future generations in Serve current and future generations in

sustaining our communities and rich cultural sustaining our communities and rich cultural

heritage.heritage.

Forests that …Forests that …

Deliver high quality waterDeliver high quality water Sustainably meet domestic needs for forest-based Sustainably meet domestic needs for forest-based

resourcesresources Reward owners/stewards with multiple benefitsReward owners/stewards with multiple benefits Contribute to perpetuation of biological and cultural Contribute to perpetuation of biological and cultural

diversity, ameliorate impacts of human activitiesdiversity, ameliorate impacts of human activities Grow in extent, productivity, resilienceGrow in extent, productivity, resilience Are managed for distinct local capabilities & values Are managed for distinct local capabilities & values Restore human spirit and stewardship ethicRestore human spirit and stewardship ethic Bring people together for common purposeBring people together for common purpose

Lands of Many ValuesLands of Many Values







Forests are Sources of Forests are Sources of LifeLife

1.1. Clean water and airClean water and air2.2. Abundant fish and wildlifeAbundant fish and wildlife3.3. Cultural heritageCultural heritage4.4. Climate and carbonClimate and carbon5.5. Recreation and aestheticsRecreation and aesthetics6.6. Wood and fiberWood and fiber7.7. Non-wood forest productsNon-wood forest products8.8. Jobs and personal identityJobs and personal identity9.9. Wealth and revenuesWealth and revenues

Clean water, Clean water, clear air …clear air …Clean water, Clean water, clear air …clear air …

Forests Sustain Quality of LifeForests Sustain Quality of LifeForests Sustain Quality of LifeForests Sustain Quality of Life

Fish, wildlife Fish, wildlife and habitats and habitats ……

Fish, wildlife Fish, wildlife and habitats and habitats ……


Cultural Cultural heritage …heritage …Cultural Cultural heritage …heritage …


Sacred tree

Family forest owner

AgroforestryForest retreat

Recreation Recreation ……Recreation Recreation ……


Scenic Scenic beauty beauty ……

Scenic Scenic beauty beauty ……


Climate, Climate, carbon, and carbon, and oxygen …oxygen …

Climate, Climate, carbon, and carbon, and oxygen …oxygen …


Forests store ~ 45% of the carbon Forests store ~ 45% of the carbon In terrestrial ecosystems,In terrestrial ecosystems,

COCO2 2 + H+ H22O + Sunlight = OO + Sunlight = O2 2 + wood+ wood

Wood Wood products products ……

Wood Wood products products ……


Rayon shirt

Wood furniture

Paper

Non-Non-wood wood productsproducts……

Non-Non-wood wood productsproducts……


Ginseng

Salal

Morels

Ramps

Bull elk

Jobs and Jobs and personal personal identityidentity……

Jobs and Jobs and personal personal identityidentity……


Fishing guide on

river

Artist in woods

Mushroom picker

Hunter

Wealth and Wealth and revenues to revenues to support support schools and schools and public public servicesservices

Wealth and Wealth and revenues to revenues to support support schools and schools and public public servicesservices


Global Forest ContextGlobal Forest Context







Global ForcesGlobal Forces

Population growthPopulation growth Political instabilityPolitical instability Trade issuesTrade issues Restructuring in forest products industryRestructuring in forest products industry Widening rich-poor gapWidening rich-poor gap Raising of “green” consciousnessRaising of “green” consciousness Rising consumptionRising consumption Global climate changeGlobal climate change Non-native invasive speciesNon-native invasive species

Forest area:Forest area: ~ 9.6 bil ac; 50-66% of 1600 ce ~ 9.6 bil ac; 50-66% of 1600 ce

Forest loss:Forest loss: ~ 23 mil ac/yr in 1990s ~ 23 mil ac/yr in 1990s

Population + economic growth Population + economic growth = forest loss, but not always= forest loss, but not always - 30 mil ac/yr tropics, - 30 mil ac/yr tropics, + 7 mil ac/yr+ 7 mil ac/yr non-tropics non-tropics

DemandsDemands for forest benefits ever growing for forest benefits ever growing Water quality, quantityWater quality, quantity

Wood use (range flat near term to + 0.3 to + 0.5%/yr long term)Wood use (range flat near term to + 0.3 to + 0.5%/yr long term)

Biodiversity conservationBiodiversity conservation

Carbon storageCarbon storage

Recreation, subsistence, cultural usesRecreation, subsistence, cultural uses

Global Forest TrendsGlobal Forest Trends

Ind. wood use rose 40% since 1960: ~ 56 BFtInd. wood use rose 40% since 1960: ~ 56 BFt33 in 2000 in 2000 Fuel wood use > industrial wood use: ~ 63 BFtFuel wood use > industrial wood use: ~ 63 BFt33 in 2000 in 2000 Ind. wood use could increase 33% by 2050: ~ 71 BFtInd. wood use could increase 33% by 2050: ~ 71 BFt33

~ 75% of global wood and fiber will come from planted forests ~ 75% of global wood and fiber will come from planted forests by mid by mid century or earliercentury or earlier ~ 33% of industrial wood used worldwide crosses an ~ 33% of industrial wood used worldwide crosses an international international boundary from tree to productboundary from tree to product US imports 37% of softwood products consumed; exports US imports 37% of softwood products consumed; exports associated jobs & impacts (81% growth since 1991)associated jobs & impacts (81% growth since 1991) US uses 27% of world’s industrial wood; largest per capitaUS uses 27% of world’s industrial wood; largest per capita US forest and wood choices drive global wood marketUS forest and wood choices drive global wood marketUN FAO 2003: 2000 dataUN FAO 2003: 2000 data

Global & U.S. Wood Global & U.S. Wood UseUse

US in Global ContextUS in Global Context

27

8

8.7

9

5.8

7

4.7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Ind. Wood Used

Wood Growing Stock

Planted Forest

Reserve Forest

Forest Land

Land

People

Percent of World Share (UN FAO 2003: 2000 data)Percent of World Share (UN FAO 2003: 2000 data)

Oregon in US ContextOregon in US Context

12

9.6

4.6

11.4

3.7

2.6

1.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Ind. Softwood Harvest

Softwood Growing Stock

Timberland

Reserve Forest

Forest Land

Land

People

Percent of National Share (USFS and ODF data 1999)Percent of National Share (USFS and ODF data 1999)

Forests in OR Forests in OR EconomyEconomy

$12.6 Billion annual industrial output; $12.6 Billion annual industrial output;

+$9.7+$9.7 Billion w/ multiplier Billion w/ multiplier

$22.3 Billion total economic impact; 11% of OR $22.3 Billion total economic impact; 11% of OR totaltotal

85,600 direct forest products jobs85,600 direct forest products jobs

190,400 total with multiplier190,400 total with multiplier

9% of Oregon employment9% of Oregon employment

37,900 jobs in forest recreation/tourism37,900 jobs in forest recreation/tourism

$40,525 average wage ($34,840 state ave.)$40,525 average wage ($34,840 state ave.)

50% of traded sector employment in 15/36 OR counties50% of traded sector employment in 15/36 OR counties

23% of total OR traded sector employment23% of total OR traded sector employment

SustainabilitySustainability







SustainabilitySustainability

Balance among environmental, economic Balance among environmental, economic

and cultural aspirationsand cultural aspirations

Equity across societal sectors and Equity across societal sectors and

generationsgenerations

Engagement of people in social choices Engagement of people in social choices

that affect themthat affect them

Adaptability to constant changeAdaptability to constant change

Sustainable ForestrySustainable Forestry

The suite of policies, plans and practices The suite of policies, plans and practices

that seek to protect, produce, and that seek to protect, produce, and

perpetuate forest ecosystems for the perpetuate forest ecosystems for the

values, uses, products, and services values, uses, products, and services

desired by communities and landowners desired by communities and landowners

for this and future generationsfor this and future generations

NCSSF 2005NCSSF 2005

Fitting Forest to PurposeFitting Forest to Purpose







Breadth of Sustainable Breadth of Sustainable Forest ManagementForest Management

Sustainable forest management Sustainable forest management

varies by forest type, varies by forest type,

ownership, primary purposeownership, primary purpose

Forest purposes:Forest purposes:

Wood and fiber productionWood and fiber production

Multiple resource values/usesMultiple resource values/uses

Reserves, nature preservationReserves, nature preservation

Urban and community forestsUrban and community forests

Wood Production Wood Production ForestsForests

Most of world’s future wood will Most of world’s future wood will

come from planted forests:come from planted forests: ~ 33% now, ~ 75% by 2050~ 33% now, ~ 75% by 2050 ~ 10% or less of global forest area~ 10% or less of global forest area

Primary purposes: Primary purposes: Grow trees for wood, fiberGrow trees for wood, fiber Increase forest value to ownerIncrease forest value to owner

Management challenges:Management challenges: Thrive in global marketsThrive in global markets Increase wood yield: > 2x over naturalIncrease wood yield: > 2x over natural Reduce environmental impactsReduce environmental impacts Improve wood quality, consistencyImprove wood quality, consistency Produce high return on investmentProduce high return on investment Maintain social license to operateMaintain social license to operate

Multi-resource ForestsMulti-resource Forests

Most of the world’s Most of the world’s accessibleaccessible forests forests

have multiple resource purposeshave multiple resource purposes ~ 40% of global forest area eventually~ 40% of global forest area eventually

Primary purposes: Primary purposes: Meet diverse landowner objectivesMeet diverse landowner objectives Increase forest value to owner(s)Increase forest value to owner(s)

Challenges:Challenges: Optimize multi-resource outcomesOptimize multi-resource outcomes Produce multiple benefits for acceptable Produce multiple benefits for acceptable

costscosts Differentiate productsDifferentiate products Finance non-market benefitsFinance non-market benefits

Reserve ForestsReserve Forests

Parks, wilderness, natural areas:Parks, wilderness, natural areas: 12.4% worldwide in 200012.4% worldwide in 2000 ~ 50% of global forest area eventually~ 50% of global forest area eventually

Primary purposes:Primary purposes: Sustain at-risk species, natural Sustain at-risk species, natural

processes, “wild” ecosystemsprocesses, “wild” ecosystems Recreation, cultural usesRecreation, cultural uses

Management cManagement challenges:hallenges: Minimize human impactsMinimize human impacts Restore, promote wildness, naturalnessRestore, promote wildness, naturalness Ameliorate effects of invasive species, Ameliorate effects of invasive species,

air pollutionair pollution Achieve goals for least costsAchieve goals for least costs

Urban, Community Urban, Community ForestsForests

Where 80% of the people liveWhere 80% of the people live

Primary purposes:Primary purposes: Attractive communities, neighborhoodsAttractive communities, neighborhoods

Conserve resources: water, energyConserve resources: water, energy

Increase property valuesIncrease property values

Backyard wildlife habitatsBackyard wildlife habitats

Management challenges:Management challenges: Safety, infrastructure impactsSafety, infrastructure impacts

Minimize sprawl and resource useMinimize sprawl and resource use

Minimize invasive species escapesMinimize invasive species escapes

Reserve ForestsReserve Forests:: Mostly federal, some state, tribal, private

Multi-resource Multi-resource

Forests:Forests: Mostly state, tribal, some family, some federal

Wood Wood

Production Production

ForestsForests:: Mostly industry, family, some state, tribal

Urban, Community Urban, Community

Forests:Forests: Forests where

people live

Social

Ben

efitsEco

nom

ic

Ben

efits

ForestForestSustainabilitySustainability

Environmental Benefits

Ownership MattersOwnership Matters

Wood ProductionWood Production Multi-resourceMulti-resource ReserveReserve

Industry, TIMOIndustry, TIMO

Private, largePrivate, large

Family, ENGOFamily, ENGO

TribesTribes

StateStateFederalFederal

****

* * Streamside zones, leave trees, habitats as mini or micro reservesStreamside zones, leave trees, habitats as mini or micro reserves

Oregon’s BalanceOregon’s Balance

Multi-use33%

Wood Production

36%Reserve

31%

Oregon Forest OwnersOregon Forest Owners

State3%

Industry21%

Federal57%

Other3%Family

16%

Leading the WayLeading the Way







ChallengesChallenges

Keep forest lands in forest uses for forest valuesKeep forest lands in forest uses for forest values Maintain market share against global forces Maintain market share against global forces Meet people’s forest resource needsMeet people’s forest resource needs Improve management and conservationImprove management and conservation Create new knowledge and technologies:Create new knowledge and technologies:

Sciences and products for sustainabilitySciences and products for sustainability

Enhance lifelong learning and extended educationEnhance lifelong learning and extended education Develop incentives for sustainable production and Develop incentives for sustainable production and

conservation … conservation … ANDAND

Address Demand -- Address Demand -- Consumption EthicConsumption Ethic

Intelligent consumption and productionIntelligent consumption and production of of

renewable natural resources is key to renewable natural resources is key to

sustaining quality of life;sustaining quality of life;

Overuse or poor choices degrade ecosystems, Overuse or poor choices degrade ecosystems,

transfer effects;transfer effects;

Prudent choices consider impacts, the future, Prudent choices consider impacts, the future,

and the entire life cycle of resources.and the entire life cycle of resources.

Forest Economic Forest Economic StrategyStrategy

Increase sustainable harvest by 25%; to 5 BBFIncrease sustainable harvest by 25%; to 5 BBF Increase direct family-wage jobs by 15%; 98,500Increase direct family-wage jobs by 15%; 98,500 Innovate in forest products, marketingInnovate in forest products, marketing Educate publics about OR forest resourcesEducate publics about OR forest resources Boost long-term forest productivity, valueBoost long-term forest productivity, value Limit regulatory costs to science-based Limit regulatory costs to science-based

essentialsessentials Reduce costs of unhealthy forests, firesReduce costs of unhealthy forests, fires Make OR forest environmental benefits key to Make OR forest environmental benefits key to

marketingmarketing

University Roles …University Roles …

Deliver a highly skilled forest/mill workforceDeliver a highly skilled forest/mill workforce

Create a stronger science base for all SFM systemsCreate a stronger science base for all SFM systems

Increase environmental performance of all forests and Increase environmental performance of all forests and forest productsforest products

Increase productivity and sustainability of forest Increase productivity and sustainability of forest resources and forest productsresources and forest products

Educate a more knowledgeable citizenryEducate a more knowledgeable citizenry

Promote prudent policies, empowered communitiesPromote prudent policies, empowered communities

Advocate for diverse, productive, resilient forests and Advocate for diverse, productive, resilient forests and associated human communitiesassociated human communities

OSU Forest InitiativesOSU Forest Initiatives

Affordable access to excellent forest resource Affordable access to excellent forest resource

education – scholarships, endowed facultyeducation – scholarships, endowed faculty

Research focused on issues of the future:Research focused on issues of the future: Forest/watershed health and fires, insects, invasive speciesForest/watershed health and fires, insects, invasive species

Planted forest productivity and value enhancementPlanted forest productivity and value enhancement

Forest protection law effectiveness re water, fish, Forest protection law effectiveness re water, fish, wildlifewildlife

Wood product innovation and durability in useWood product innovation and durability in use

Commercial outdoor recreation and tourism managementCommercial outdoor recreation and tourism management

Outreach and engagement – policy, extension, Outreach and engagement – policy, extension,

public educationpublic education

oregon’s forest future

Documents

different forests

habitats forests

oxygen forests

urban forests

forests different roles

forest practices

clear air forests

forest products industry