organ system cell organism organ tissue
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AnatomyChapter1
_____________________isthestudyofthestructureandshapeofthebodyanditsparts.Canbestudiedonthe_____________________andinclude________________,______________________and______________________.Examplesinclude…_____________________isthestudyofhowthebodyanditspartsworkorfunction.Examplesinclude…Placethefollowingwordsinorderofincreasingcomplexity.ORGANSYSTEMCELLORGANISMORGANTISSUE
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Knowtheorderofdecreasingcomplexityaswell.
BodySystems
____________________________________________-theexternalcoveringofthebody(__________________)Whatarethefunctionsoftheskin?
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Whataresometypesofdamagetheskincanincur?Whatistheskeletalsystemcomposedof?Whatisitsfunction?Whatarethefourfunctionsofthemuscularsystem?
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Isthenervoussystemfastorslowaction?Whatisthefunctionofthenervoussystem?Whatisregulatedbytheendocrinesystem?Whatissecretedbytheendocrinesystem?Listsixglands:Whatpumpsthebloodaroundthecirculatorysystem?Whatistransportedaroundthecirculatorysystem?
Whatarethethreefunctionsofthelymphaticsystem?
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• Howdoestherespiratorysystemmaintainproperlevelsofgasses?Whatorgansareused?Whatarethefunctionsofthedigestivesystem?
Whatiseliminatedfromtheexcretorysystem?Whatisregulated?Whatisthefunctionofthereproductivesystem?Whatisproducedbythemalereproductivesystem?Howdoesthefemalereproductivesystemprepareforanewbaby?
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Labelthefollowingonthediagram.SmallIntestines,Heart,Lungs,Liver,Stomach,LargeIntestinesandthePharynx. Labelthefollowingonthediagram.SmallIntestines,Heart,Lungs,BloodVessels,Stomach,andLargeIntestines.
Howdidthelargeintestinesgettheirname?
MaintainingBoundaries
Keepsthebody’sinternalenvironmentdistinctfromtheexternalenvironment.Movement-Includesalltheactivitiespromotedbythe_________________________system.Examplesinclude:Responsiveness-Abilitytoreactto__________________________________.
� Majorroleofthe_______________________________system.Digestion-Foodingestedisbrokendowntoitschemical__________________________________.Metabolism-All_______________________________reactionsthatoccurwithinbodycells.
� ____________________________________complexmoleculesintosmalleronesandmakeslarger
moleculesfromsmallerones.
� Usesnutrientsandoxygentoproduce___________.Processcalled_______________________________
� Regulatedbyhormonessecretedbytheglandsoftheendocrinesystem.
Excretion-Eliminationof________________________________bythelungsandeliminationof________________________wastesbythekidneys.Reproduction-Providesnewcellsfor_____________________________and____________________.Growth-Increasethenumberofcells___________________thantheyare_______________________.
SurvivalNeeds
Nutrients-Takeninviathedietandcontainchemicalsusedforenergyandcellbuilding.Examplesinclude:Water-_________________%ofthebody’sweightthatprovidesfluidforbody’s
__________________________________and___________________________________
Oxygen-Oxygenisnecessarytoreleaseenergyfromchemicalreactionsthattakeplaceinthebody.
� Neededtorelease____________________________fromfood.
• ________%oftheairwebreatheisoxygen.BodyTemperature-Mustremainat___________(____________)Whathappensifthetempistoohighortoolow?
• TooLow-
• TooHigh-AtmosphericPressure-Breathingdependsonthepressureexertedonthebody.
� Ifthealtitudeistoohigh(lowerpressure)gasexchangemaybetolowtosupportmetabolicactivity.
� Mountainclimbersneedtobringoxygentanksbecauseoxygenisneededtosupportmetabolicactivities.
Homeostasis-Thetendencyofthebody’ssystemstomaintainarelatively______________________orbalancedinternalenvironment.HomeostaticControlMechanisms-Communicationbetweenorgansystemsisessential.
� The_________________________________and_________________________________systemsarechieflyresponsiblethroughchemicalorelectricalresponses.
Receptor-Asensorthatmonitorschangesintheenvironmentcalledstimuli.MessageissenttothecontrolcenteralongtheafferentpathwayControlCenter-Analyzestheinformationfromthereceptoranddeterminestheappropriateresponse.Effector-Controlcenterdeterminestheresponseandactivatestheeffector.
� Providesthemeansforthecontrolcentersresponsetothestimulusalongtheefferentpathway.
� Theeffectorisusuallyamuscleorgland.
NegativeFeedbackMechanism-Theneteffectoftheresponsetothestimulusisto
____________________________________theoriginalstimulusorreduceitseffects.
� Example-bodyreleasesinsulinwhensugarisingested.
� Mostcommonfeedbacksysteminthebody.
PositiveFeedbackMechanisms-____________________________or___________________________theoriginalstimulus.
� Examplesarebloodclottingorthebirthofababy.
LanguageofAnatomy
Anteriormeans_____________________________andposteriormeans________________________Anatomicalpositioniswhensomeoneisfacingyouwiththeirhandsandfeetparallelandpalmsarefacingoutward.
MedialvsLateralMedial-Lateral-
ProximalvsDistalProximal-Distal-
UprightvsA4-LeggedAnimal
Topoftheorganism-_____________________________.Bottomoftheorganism-_________________________
Yourfeetare_______________________________toyourkneesThefrontofyourbodyis__________________________________Yournoseis_____________________________________toyoureyesYourheadis_______________________________________toyourfeet
Frontal-TransverseMidsagittal-
BodyCavitiesDorsalBodyCavities-Completelysurroundedbybone
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• VentralBodyCavities-Partiallysurroundedbybone
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Theabdominalandpelviccavitiesaretypicallycalledthe___________________________________cavityThe______________________________separatesthethoracicfromtheabdominalcavity