Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Vocabulary

Words

Mrs. Lee

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Organic Compounds They are complex molecules made by organisms

containing carbon as their “backbone” & usually hydrogen.– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids– Nucleic acids

The ability of carbon to bond to other elements, & to allow different arrangements of atoms contributes to the diversity of carbon compounds.

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus & sulfur (CHNOPS) make up about 99% of the mass of all living organisms

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Organic Compounds (continued)

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Hydrocarbons

They are molecules composed of hydrogen & carbon.

They are important because they are the backbones of other organic compounds

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Hydrocarbons (continued)

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Amino Acids

They are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids but they

all have the same basic “backbone” structure.

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Amino Acids: (continued)

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Proteins They are long chains of

amino acid units that are the main molecules from which living things are constructed

They have many functions in the body:– Structural components

– Transport aids

– Enzymes

– Cell signals

– Etc.

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Proteins (continued)

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Proteins (continued)

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Lipids They are organic molecules used to form

cellular & organelle membranes, the sheaths surrounding nerve fibers, & certain hormones

They include fats, a long-term energy source They are insoluable in water (repel water) Examples: oils, butter, lard, etc. They are not as easily metabolized as

carbohydrates, yet they are a more effective means of storage. Example: 1 gram of fat provides 2 times the energy of 1 gram of carbohydrate

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Lipids (continued)

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Carbohydrates The primary energy source for living things Composed of: carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Serve as energy sources & provide structural

support, as in the cell wall of plants Member of a large class of chemical compounds

that includes sugars, starches, cellulose & related compounds

They are produced naturally by green plants from carbon dioxide & water

As essential nutrients, they are the human body’s main source of both quick & sustained energy

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Carbohydrates: i.e. -- Glucose

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Starch

It plays a vital role in the biochemistry of both plants & animals

It is made in green plants by photosynthesis & is one of the main forms in which plants store food

Animals obtain starch from plants & store it as glycogen

Both plants & animals convert starch to glucose when energy is needed

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Starch (continued): i.e. --Amylose

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Nucleic Acids

They are large molecules comprised of nucleotides that carry the genetic code

They are found in the nucleus of the cell Specifically they are:

– DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

– RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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Nucleic Acids (continued): DNA

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Nucleic Acids (continued): RNA

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Nucleotide The unit that makes up nucleic acid Contains a nitrogen base, a phosphate group & a

carbohydrate (sugar) molecule The 4 possible nucleotide bases for DNA are:

– Adenine– Guanine– Cytosine– Thymine

The 4 possible nucleotide bases for RNA are:– Adenine– Guanine– Cytosine– Uracil

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Nucleotide (continued)

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Chemical Formula

A combination of chemical symbols & numbers to represent a substance

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Chemical Formula (continued)1) Butane C4H10 Used in portable lighters, home

heating fuel, portable stoves & heaters

2) Ethane C2H6 Used to make ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, & other chemicals & also used as a refrigerant

3) Methane CH4 Used as a raw material for many synthetic products & as a major part of natural gas

4) Propane C3H8 Use as a “bottled gas” for home heating, portable stoves & heaters & also as a refrigerant

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Structural Formula

A formula that indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule & that indicates the number & location of chemical bonds

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Structural Formula (continued)

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The End

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Bibliography http://www.jp3d.net/school/drawings/

Organic_Compounds.gif http://www.icknield.beds.sch.uk/hydrocarbons.htm http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_small.html http://www.thesolutionsite.com/lesson/20054 http://www.lampstras.k12.pa.us/hschool/teachers/pitts

/bio/un7/oldun3 http://ww

w.cs.columbia.edu/~cleslie/cs4761/lectures-spr03.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/lab2/biolab2_2.html http://www.l-spioneers.org/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/un7/

old/un3/starch.gif

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Bibliography (continued) http://bio.winona.edu/bates/Bio241/Chapter_Outline_03.htm http://www.edzone.net/fulton/home/hstaff/salogarg/chem

/propylene/structuresformalasandpictures.html http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2137/

pv2137.html http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/cdi.htm http://www.acmecompany.com/Pages/stock_science.html http://academic.mu.edu/phys/buxtoni/DW/chembasislife_files http://www.angelfire.com/az/smallandcute/animal.html