1

Organic food market trend and consumers’ profile in Phnom Penh city, Cambodia 1

Abstract: Organic agriculture has received attention in recent decade on account of its biological feature, so 2

agricultural institutions have been formed and developed enormously in organic filed at the present time in 3

Cambodia. This research was to identify organic food market trend and organic consumers’ profile which was 4

conducted in Phnom Penh City in this regard is the best place where sold organic product majority in Cambodia. 5

Data was collected from supermarkets by structure questionnaire within 456 respondents. Descriptive statistics 6

and Chi-square were employed to quantify correlation. It was found that organic product in Cambodia is limited 7

and narrowed. However, there is a positive signal for organic market in Cambodia. The study shows that the 8

consumers could be divided in three categories including organic consumers (regular and occasional 9

consumers), non-organic consumers, and never-heard organic consumers.Gender, marital status, education, 10

occupation and income was found relatively statically significant related with consumer behavior. It can be 11

implied that organic consumers mostly are the middle agemen who have higher education, married with kid, 12

secure job, and better income are more propensity interested in buying organic food.The main reason to 13

purchase was about the health for themselvesand for their lovers meanwhile the key reason stood behind 14

consumers not to buy was extremely about the lack of information of organic product.In this context, this relevant 15

information would provide a good point to contribute significant effective toeither marketers or other related 16

partiesto targetpotential consumer and raiseorganic sector. 17

Keywords: Organic Food, Organic Market, Organic Consumer, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 18

I. Introduction 19

Organic agriculture has received attention in recent decade on account of its biological feature, which 20

offerssignificant human and animal health as well as environmental friendly(Veata, 2013). Recently, 164 countries 21

of the world has been implemented by 1.9 million farmers around 37.5 million hectares of agriculture land. The 22

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU1]: Organizing academic research paper is needed. The journal

reader is not the your corrector. Please careful with this point. Otherwise, the

paper is easily to be rejected.

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU2]: Too long and make the reader confuse. Why separateintroduction

to be 2 parts (introduction and organic market trend) If you want toseparate, you

should make it clear and use inverted pyramid organization.

When finished reading introduction and organic market trend, the reader forgot

your paper objective.

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU3]: Grammar?

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU4]: Unclear. … in what?

2

data from IFOAM showed that the top three highest increasing organic land countries are Greece, Mexico, and 1

Kazakhstan correspondingly.Whereas, the top three largest organic markets are USA, Germany, and France 2

which earn 22,590 million Euros, 7,040 million Euros, and 4,004 million Euros respectively.Moreover, world 3

organic market sizes have been risingconsiderably over the last decade by 15.2 billion US dollars in 1999 to 63.8 4

billion US dollars in 2012, while United State of America is pioneered country(FiBL and IFOAM, 2014). 5

However, it has been noticeably least developed in developing country, especially in Asia. Particularly, 6

notwithstanding Cambodia organic agricultural sector has been formed for several years ago, little attention has 7

been paid to the organic market trend which is why organic product and market is narrowed("Country Report of 8

Organic in Cambodia," 2014).With respect toorganic food market trend and consumers’ profile of metropolises 9

have not been understood well as there was no information study about this. More than this, there are few 10

researches study only organic consumer between Thailand-Cambodiaborder(Pomsanam, Napompech, & 11

Suwanmaneepong, 2014), and country reports: organic agriculture in Cambodia (Cheattho, 2010; Makarady, 12

2007), so organic food market and consumers’ profile in Phnom Penh has been lacked and limited.As a result, 13

this present paper presents about overview of organic market trend and draws out organic consumer profiles of 14

metropolisthrough 456 respondents in Phnom Penh City. 15

II. Organic Market trend 16

Taking account ofagricultural filed, there are 15,000 kinds of plant, 720 kinds of bird, 240 kinds of lower 17

animal, and 212 kinds of mammal, so that agri-business in Cambodia focuses on four elements. These are crop 18

production (52.9%), fishery (25.2%), animal (15.3%), and forest (6.6%) (Sophany, 2012); hence, agricultural 19

institutions have been formed and developed enormously in organic filedat the present time. Unceasingly, many 20

non-organizations have been initiated to support organic product in 2003 such as German Agency for Technical 21

Cooperation, Cambodian Centre for Study and Development in Agriculture (CEDAC), Community Cooperative for 22

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU5]: Please check the reference

format.

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU6]: This is talking about the sample size. Should not be here?

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU7]: This paragraph is talking about organic product in Cambodia but why it come before section 2 Organic Market trend

ข้อคิดเหน็[WU8]: Too long and make the reader confuse. Why separateintroduction to be 2 parts (introduction and organic market trend) If you want toseparate, you should make it clear and can use inverted pyramid organization.

ข้อคิดเหน็[O9]: Background information should present only as needed in order support a position. The reader does not want to read everything you know about a subject.

3

Rural Development (CCRD), and Khmer Fields Foundation (SRER Khmer), etc.(Cheattho, 2010).It is hard to 1

specify the initiated years of organic farming in Cambodia because it issupposed to be apply from ancient time 2

by default, and stop to use chemical sustain after Khmer Rouge regime to rehabilitate food security for all citizens. 3

Then food safety had been paid attention again in accordance with a sub degree on 28th October, 1998 4

whichhad banned some kinds of pesticide and chemical fertilizer imported and sold in Cambodia(Makarady, 5

2007; Savoeun, 2008). 6

However, many communities were collapsed after the leave of those organizations and the supporters, 7

so those members turned to do conventional one since they believed that conventional agriculture offered higher 8

profit easily compared with organic rice production(Veata, 2013).Additionally,Srer Khmerwas founded by former 9

staff of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on January2002 after ended mission in 2001.This 10

local NGO has implemented 50 projects related to farming community. By the end of 2011, this has trained 720 11

farmer associations in 12 provinces. More than 50,787 households has been delivered a wide range of farmer led 12

training (Srer Khmer, 2011).However, 22 of 24 provinces, CEDAC has assisted about 160,000 families in 1,050 13

communes.CEDAC has trained farmer to grow more than 1,000 rice varieties and several fragrant rice by system 14

of rice intensification (SRI).Rice growers hold averagely land around one hectare; 50% of field is grown organic 15

Jasmine rice for supply either domestic area orexport whilst the rest grows for family consumption. Although 16

organic fragrant rice harvests between 2.5 to 3.5 tons per hectare,SRI has increased to 5 tons per hectare. The 17

yield of fragrant is less than non-fragrant rice but the price is higher(The Cambodian Center for Study and 18

Development in Agriculture [CEDAC], n.d). In 2011, 2,500 organic rice farmers had collaborated together to 19

produce a well-known aromatic organic rice, PhkaMalis or jasmine, grown at Battambang Province, won award in 20

annual world rice conference 2012, and exported in high price to niche European and Hong Kong market(Yu & 21

Diao, 2011). Besides, organic produces are now available in every supermarkets, few hotels, restaurants, and 22

4

export to France and USA and local consumption receives premium price from 10 to 20 % higher than 1

conventional one (Cheattho, 2010; Makarady, 2007). 2

On the other hand, KompongSpeu province is the one which grow organic vegetable training by CEDAC 3

and has 9 branches in Phnom Penh city recently(The Cambodian Center for Study and Development in 4

Agriculture [CEDAC], n.d). In 2005, CEDAC commenced selling organic vegetable that were imported from 5

KompongSpeu and KompongChhnang province average 2,121.88 kg per year (Savoeun, 2008).Also, there were 6

204 villages producing group with technical assistance and capacity building support from CEDAC (Savoeun, 7

2008).Along with this, Cambodian Organic Agriculture Organization, certified organic organization, certifies 8

organic product such as rice, sugar palm, fruit, and vegetables sold mostly atmanysupermarketsand organic 9

shops (Cambodochine, 2004).Due to organic vegetable grower, they are very happy since this increase their 10

livelihood, and they can sell their vegetable year-round which gets more additional net profit around 50 to 75 cent 11

per kilogram over normal price (Renzenbrink, 2013, March 27). Conversely, some farmers have given up on 12

organic product after leaving of non-government organization since their understanding and supporting is limited 13

(Cambodochine, 2004). 14

To sum up, the committees of organic community should observe and find out about the problem 15

occurring in their community and continue to struggle for better management, and finding organic market in order 16

to encourage their members to push harder in their work, and try to catch their old members who left the 17

community back. Organization, as well as national institutions and other stakeholders, should continue to support 18

this organic rice community as a big contribution to improve organic agriculture sectors in Cambodia (Veata, 19

2013). 20

III. Methodology 21

3.1 Participant and Procedure 22

ข้อคิดเหน็[O10]: This is the suggestion, right?

5

This research was to identify demographic characteristics, purchasing pattern and frequency of organic 1

consumer. It was conducted in Phnom Penh City in this regard is the best place where sold organic product 2

majority in Cambodia. Data was collected from June 1, 2015 till July 1, 2015 in front of several supermarkets 3

(AEON, LUCKY, CEDAC) and along river side respectively. Since organic term is relatively new for consumers, 4

there are no official statistics being kept about the number of organic consumers. To build a reliable data, 385 5

respondent convenient samplesarerecommended(Cochran, 1963). With a planned proportion estimate of 50% at 6

95% confidence level, more than 400 samples has been decided to provide strong valid and reliable data through 7

consumer questionnaire, in direct contact in front of each potential markets. 8

From this study, 456 samples was obtained through structure questionnaires which was predominantly 9

by female (51.5%) and age ranged from 18 to 64 years which had a mean of 27.06 years (SD= 7.08) with regard 10

to majority education level was bachelor degree (73%) is biased toward educated, young adult (18-25 years) 11

which may be associated with stronger willingness to contribute their times; 98% of them were employed and 12

69.7% of respondentswere single, which mostly had income range from 150-300 USDmonthly, (38.8%). 13

5.2 Instrument 14

Consumer questionnaire was divided into several sections which embraced on a number of questions. 15

The first section was about the socio-demographic of respondents, the second part distinguishedorganic 16

consumer’s profile while the last emphasized onthe reason to buy and not to buy organic vegetable, and 17

purchasing pattern of organic consumers. 18

5.3Data Analysis 19

To extract the pertinent and useful information for further manipulation and interpretation, questionnaire 20

checking were verified since returning from filed, questionnaire may be unacceptable for several reasons (i.e. all 21

the questions were answered completely?). Fortunately, the first step was successfully pass.Secondly, raw data 22

ข้อคิดเหน็[O11]: Use academic or proper word

ข้อคิดเหน็[O12]: Make it short and clear with the sample size.

ข้อคิดเหน็[O13]: Is this result of the study? Why it be here?

ข้อคิดเหน็[O14]: No need to explain in here.

6

were coding for data preparation, simply transformed information from field work into database. Double check 1

database with questionnaires were implemented to ensure the quality of data. Univariate descriptive analysis 2

were run by graphical method and numerical method. After obtainingthe accurate and reliable data, normality 3

distribution was run to verify errors by a histogram or normal probability plot of the standardized residual. Then, 4

researcher applieddescriptive statistics such as frequency, descriptive, explore, andmultiple response associated 5

with chi-squarein accordance with each objective of the research. 6

IV. Result and Discussion 7

With respect to 456 respondents, there were three kinds of consumers. The organic buyers were 214 8

people equaled 46.9% while non-organic buyers and never-heard organic consumers were 41.2% and 11.8%, 9

respectively. Gender was relatively statistically significant related with consumer behavior ( (2) =11.314, 10

p<.01). More than half of men (54.3%)were organic buyers while many women (44.7%) were non-organic buyers, 11

and less thanone fourth (15.3%) of women were never-heard organic term. The results show that the 12

consumerstatus was also statistically significant with consumer behavior( (6)=13.674, p <.05). Most of people 13

married with kid(s) 54.45% and many single people 45.9% were organic consumers while only 35.3% of married 14

people were. 15

16

ข้อคิดเหน็[O15]: Make it short

ข้อคิดเหน็[O16]: ??

ข้อคิดเหน็[O17]: In the paper doesn’t show

ข้อคิดเหน็[O18]: What does it mean?

ข้อคิดเหน็[O19]: Please describe the detail of 3 consumer groups in the footnote.

ข้อคิดเหน็[O20]: What???

7

Table 1 Organic consumer, non-organic consumer, and never heard organic consumer’s profile 1

Socio-Demographic Frequency

(N=456)

Organic Buyer

(n=214)

Non-Organic Buyer

(n=188)

Never-heard

Organic (n=54) p-value

Gender

(2)=11.314, p <.01**

Male 221 54.3% 37.6% 8.1%

Female 235 40.0% 44.7% 15.3%

Age

18-25 238 47.9% 41.2% 10.9%

26-35 179 45.8% 44.1% 10.1%

36-45 25 36.0% 36.0% 28.0%

46-55 7 71.4% 14.3% 14.3%

56-64 7 57.1% 14.3% 28.6%

Status

(6)=13.674, p <.05*

Single 318 45.9% 43.4% 10.7%

Married with kids 103 54.4% 32.0% 13.6%

ข้อคดิเห็น[O21]: Should revise the heading of table

ข้อคดิเห็น[O22]: Unite ? and should present chi-square value

ข้อคดิเห็น[O23]: Why end with 64?

ข้อคดิเห็น[O24]: In term of logical, you start with single. So, should married with kids or married come first ?

8

Socio-Demographic Frequency

(N=456)

Organic Buyer

(n=214)

Non-Organic Buyer

(n=188)

Never-heard

Organic (n=54) p-value

Married 34 35.3% 50.0% 14.7%

Divorce 1 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

Education

(10)=68.571, p <.001***

Illiteracy 3 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

Primary school 6 16.7% 0.0% 83.3%

Secondary school 19 26.3% 42.1% 31.6%

High school 47 51.1% 40.4% 8.5%

Bachelor 333 45.9% 43.8% 10.2%

Master or higher 48 64.6% 31.3% 4.2%

Occupation

(2)=6.929, p <.05*

Employment 435 47.6% 40.0% 12.4%

Unemployment 21 33.3% 66.7% 0.0%

Income

(10)=23.390, p <.01** ข้อคดิเห็น[O25]: Unite ?

9

Socio-Demographic Frequency

(N=456)

Organic Buyer

(n=214)

Non-Organic Buyer

(n=188)

Never-heard

Organic (n=54) p-value

0-149 75 38.7% 41.3% 20.0%

150-300 177 43.5% 49.7% 6.8%

301-450 98 51.0% 34.7% 14.3%

451-600 50 50.0% 36.0% 14.0%

601-1000 41 51.2% 39.0% 9.8%

More than 1000 15 80.0% 6.7% 13.3%

* Statistically significant level of .05 ** statistically significant level of .01 *** statistically significant level of .001 1

In contrast, there was no relationship between age, family member, having kid, having old people and having serious illness in the family influenced 2

on consumer behavior.Most of middle age people 71.4% age ranged from 46 to 55 years were organic consumers while 44.1% of young adult ranged from 3

26 to 35 years were not organic buyers. Among the three groups had quite similar mean of family member was 5 people per household, and predominantly of 4

62.10% of organic buyers had kids under 18 years living withfamily; in contrast, only 48.6 % of organic buyer had old people over 60 years lived in 5

family.Additionally, 65% of organic consumers never had serious diseased history in their family.Higher education was higher propensity to consume, 6

education was found to be highly related to buying organic behavior. 64.6% of people holding master degree were more likely to consume organic 7

( (10)=68.571, p<.001).Education was not the only factor that affected the chance of buying organic. 8

ข้อคดิเห็น[O26]: Is it similar with married with kids

ข้อคดิเห็น[O27]: You can show frequency and chi-square in the table for clearly understanding.

ข้อคดิเห็น[O28]: If you conclude that age is not significant with consumer behavior, you cannot say this sentence.

ข้อคดิเห็น[O29]: Please check? If you conclude that household having kids, having old people and having serious illness in the family are not significant with consumer behavior, you cannot say this sentence.

ข้อคดิเห็น[O30]: Please check

ข้อคดิเห็น[O31]: Should not in the landscape format

10

Occupation ( (2)=6.929, p<.05),together with income( (10)=23.39,p<.01), was highlystatistically 1

significantlyconcerned with organic buying. Nearly half of employer (47.6%) were more likely interested in organic 2

produce while incomemore than 1000 USD per month (80%) were more possibly to take this product as shown in 3

Table 1. 4

Organic consumer was detected into two categories such as regular organic consumers or heavy 5

consumers who shopped more than 3 times a week and occasional organic consumers otherwise. In general, 6

most of occasional organic consumers went to shop vegetables less than every two months, 25.2%. Only 18.7% 7

and 17.8% bought organic vegetables more than 3 times per week and every week per month, respectively. 8

Outstandingly, there were around 40% of them purchase organic vegetables every day were regular consumers. 9

A comparative socio-demographic profile between regular and occasional consumers were apparent in Table 2; 10

there was no significant difference between regular and occasional organic consumers on socio-demographics. 11

In this case, it can be implied that organic consumers mostly are the people who has a job rather than household 12

and retired people since the price of organic product is a bit high than conventional one. 13

Table2. Organic consumer’s profile 14

Socio-Demographic Frequency (n=214) Organic Consumer

Regular Buyer (n=85) Occasional Buyer (n=129)

Gender

Male 120 40.8% 59.2%

Female 94 38.3% 61.7%

Age

18-25 114 41.2% 58.8%

26-35 82 34.1% 65.9%

ข้อคิดเหน็[O32]: Unclear?? What is the point of this paragraph

11

Socio-Demographic Frequency (n=214) Organic Consumer

Regular Buyer (n=85) Occasional Buyer (n=129)

36-45 9 55.6% 44.4%

46-55 5 80.0% 20.0%

56-64 4 25.0% 75.0%

Status

Single 146 38.4% 61.6%

Married with kids 56 41.1% 58.9%

Married 12 50.0% 50.0%

Education

Primary school 1 100.0% 0.0%

Secondary school 5 60.0% 40.0%

High school 24 50.0% 50.0%

Bachelor 153 35.3% 64.7%

Master or higher 31 48.4% 51.6%

Occupation

Employment 207 39.6% 60.4%

Unemployment 7 42.9% 57.1%

Income

0-149 29 41.4% 58.6%

150-300 77 41.6% 58.4%

301-450 50 42.0% 58.0%

12

Socio-Demographic Frequency (n=214) Organic Consumer

Regular Buyer (n=85) Occasional Buyer (n=129)

451-600 25 32.0% 68.0%

601-1000 21 33.3% 66.7%

More than 1000 12 41.7% 58.3%

Obviously, nearly half of organic consumers 46.10% purchased fresh vegetables and fruits, whereas 1

according to 25.50% of them consumed rice. On the other hand, only 10.5%, 9.10% and 8.80% of consumers 2

revealed that they had bought palm product, honey, and moringa product respectively. Approximately 64.60% of 3

organic vegetable consumersspecified that they satisfied with the range of organic vegetable offered in the 4

organic market or supermarket. 5

It is clear that the more level of satisfaction the more likely to pay, so most of organic consumers around 6

50% said that the price of organic is reasonable and affordable which it should be. However, 40% of them said 7

that the price is high. Also, only 1% reflected that the price is not really high as others viewpoint, maybe this kind 8

of consumers have higher income. On the other hand, 53% of non-organic consumers view the price is high that 9

is why they hesitate to buy as shown in Table 3. 10

Table 3. Price perception ratiobetween organic consumer and non-organic consumer 11

Price perception

Frequency Percentage

Organic

consumer

Non-organic

consumer

Organic

consumer

Non-organic

consumer

Really high 12 14 6% 7%

High 86 100 40% 53%

Reasonable 105 67 49% 36%

ข้อคิดเหน็[O33]: Starting a sentence with brief information to tell the reader that change the topic.

ข้อคิดเหน็[O34]: Purchase organic vegetable or conventional vegetable

ข้อคิดเหน็[O35]: ??

ข้อคิดเหน็[O36]: Satisfaction of what?

ข้อคิดเหน็[O37]: This paper use chi square for testing the relationship but why table 3 doesn’t test. The chi square can support this sentence.

ข้อคิดเหน็[O38]: Sometimes it is good to address at the beginning

13

Not high 10 7 5% 4%

Really not high 1 0 1% 0%

Sample 214 188 100% 100%

One of the most significant results obtained from this research was about the reasons that leadorganic 1

vegetable consumer made decision to buy. Approximately 31% of them bought organic product because they 2

thought it is healthy for them and their significant personwas the first rank. According to 30 % of them declared 3

that consuming organic vegetable because it is pesticide freewas the second one. With respect to the taste of 4

vegetable, there were 21% of consumersthought that organic vegetableshave better taste than conventional one 5

meanwhile other factorsshowed lower scores. Noticeably, the freshness of vegetables and conveniences were 6

rated only 12 % and 6% in accordingly. 7

In particularly, non-organic consumers were also elicited about the reason that made themdidn’twant to 8

buy organic product. The main reason was that they received lease information about organic product (27.1%), 9

so how could they buy it without trust and knowing? non-organic consumer they expressed that those were too 10

expensive for them approximately 22% while the distance from shop to their house was about 24.9%. In contrast, 11

organic label was not the problem for non-organic consumer only 13%. 12

V. Conclusions 13

It can be concluded that organic product in Cambodia is limited and narrowed since this country is the 14

late comer who just joints about the international organic agriculture less than one decade ago, yet most 15

Cambodian citizens do care about the organic food no matter how it is in term of either health or environment 16

concern. Absolutely, there are more than 50% of number of ever heard organic product are organic consumers 17

which predominantly by male in proportion of 54.3. Positivesignal, middle agewho are employed,are the main 18

target of organic productwhich ranged from 46 to 55 years along with monthly income more than 1,000 19

ข้อคิดเหน็[O39]: Total ??

ข้อคิดเหน็[O40]: What is this?

ข้อคิดเหน็[O41]: ??

ข้อคิดเหน็[O42]: Conclusion should come from your research

ข้อคิดเหน็[O43]: Cambodian or Phnom Penh City ?? In the paper you said that 214 organic consumers care about health

14

USD.Further results, the higher education is the higher propensity of buying organic product. Organic consumers 1

enjoy with the product availability in organic shop or supermarket. There are many reasons that cause organic 2

consumers willing to buy, but the main reason is known as the benefit of health for their love and their own self, 3

however, non-organic consumers are not likely to buy because of lack information on organic benefit. A part of 4

this convenient and price becomes the barrier in their purchasing intention since itis sold in limited market 5

associatedwith the luxury price. This information would provide a good point for marketers, government, non-6

government organization or international institution to set up policy or strategy to gainmore organic market’s 7

segmentation. 8

REFERENCES 9

10

Cambodochine, D. (2004). Environmental Requirements, Market Access/Entry and Export Competitiveness in the 11

Horticulture Sector in Cambodia Phnom Penh: August 8 2004: CLRDC-bfiti. 12

Cheattho, P. (2010). Country Report: Organic Agriculture in Cambodia. Retrieved April 04, 2015, from 13

http://www.afaci.org/file/anboard2/Cambodia%28word%29.pdf 14

Cochran, W. G. (1963). Sampling Techniques. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 15

Country Report of Organic in Cambodia. (2014). Retrieved October 15, 2014, from 16

https://www.scribd.com/doc/6688625/Country-Report-of-Organic-in-Cambodia 17

FiBL and IFOAM. (2014). The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends 2014. Retrieved 18

August 29, 2014 from http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook-2014.html#c10016 19

Makarady, K. (2007). Country report on organic agriculture in Cambodia. Paper presented at the Regional 20

Conference on Organic Agriculture in Asia, Bangkok. 21

15

Pomsanam, P., Napompech, K., & Suwanmaneepong, S. ( 2014). Factors Driving Thai Consumers' Intention to 1

Purchase Organic Foods. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 7 2

(4), 434-446. doi: 10.3923/ajsr.2014.434.446 3

Renzenbrink, A. (2013, March 27). Organic vegetable demand growing, Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved from 4

http://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/organic-vegetable-demand-growing 5

Savoeun, L. (2008). The feasibility study on the development of organic vegetable farming in Saang District, 6

Kandal Province. (Master), Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh. 7

Sophany, K. (2012). The econmic effeciency of orgnaic rice production systems in natural agricuture community 8

development Pou Angkrang commune, Kompong Speu Province. (Bachelor), Royal University of 9

Agriculture, Phnom Penh. 10

Srer Khmer. (2011). About Srer Khmer. Retrieved October 21, 2104, from http://www.srerkhmer-11

cambodia.org/index.php 12

The Cambodian Center for Study and Development in Agriculture [CEDAC]. (n.d). About CEDAC. Retrieved 13

September 30, 2014, from 14

http://www.cedac.org.kh/?page=front&menu1=214&ctype=article&id=214&lg=en 15

Veata, M. (2013). Comparision of organic and conventional rice production in Srae Cheang commune, Chumkiry 16

Distrist, Kampot Province. (Master), Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh. 17

Yu, B., & Diao, X. (2011). Cambodia’s Agricultural Strategy: Future Development options for the rice sector. 18

Cambodia Development Resource Institute. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: T&S Printing. 19

20 ข้อคิดเหน็[O44]: Check the reference format again. Some detail disappear. Ie page number