organic molecule #1. sugars!!! some are sweet (simple carbs) some are not sweet (complex...
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CARBOHYDRATESOrganic Molecule #1
Sugars!!!
Some are sweet (simple carbs)
Some are not sweet (complex carbs…a.k.a starches)
Carbohydrates: What are they?
Carbon[C], Hydrogen [H]Oxygen [O]
Organic – because it has C-H bonds)
Carbohydrates: What ELEMENTS (atoms) make up its structure?
Monosaccharides◦(Simple Sugars)
Lipids: What are the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers, subunits)?
This is Glucose!
1.Quick Energy
Carboydrates: What are the FUNCTIONS?
1. Simple Carbohydrates- Monosaccharides- Disaccharides
Lipids: What TYPES are there?
2. Complex Carbohydrates - polysaccharides
Which type of carbohydrate will provide the most energy?
Why?
1. Glucose – C6H12O6 - made by plants during photosynthesis
2. Cellulose – complex sugar in plant cell walls
3. Starch – complex stored sugar in plants4. Glycogen – complex stored sugar in
animals
Carbs: What are EXAMPLES?
Others…Sucrose – table sugarLactose - milk sugarFructose – fruit sugar
Humans: Glycogen is stored in liver cells
Plants: ◦Cellulose – (=fiber!!!) makes up cell walls of
plant cells◦Glucose – made in leaves◦Starch – stored in fruits, veges (potatoes!)
Carbs: WHERE are they located in living things?
Plant foods!
Carbohydrates: What FOODS are they in?
Benedict’s – test for simple sugars
Iodine – test for starch
Carbs: How do you TEST for them in foods?
Carbohydrates are the main source of QUICK ENERGY
BIG IDEA:
LIPIDSOrganic Molecule #2
As we learn about Lipids, keep in mind how they are both SIMILAR and DIFFERENT from Carbohydrates.
LIPIDS: A Comparative Study
Fats!!!
Hydrophobic (“water fearing”) molecules that do not dissolve in water and have diverse functions
Lipids: What are they?
Carbon[C], Hydrogen [H]Oxygen [O]
Organic – because it has C-H bonds)
Lipids: What ELEMENTS (atoms) make up its structure?
Fatty Acids Glycerol
3 Fatty Acids + Glycerol = Lipid
Lipids: What are the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers, subunits)?
1. Unsaturated Fats
- Come from plants: oils (liquid)
2. Saturated Fats
- Come from animals: fats (solid)
Lipids: What TYPES are there?
1.***Energy storage2. Forming the membrane around cells3. Give warmth and insulation to animals
(blubber)4. Provide waterproof coverings for plant
leaves.5. Hormones and vitamins
Lipids: What are the FUNCTIONS?
1. Fats come from animals)2. Oils (come from plants)3. Waxes: form water-proof coverings of
plant leaves4. Phospholipids (part of all cell
membranes)5. Steroids (like cholesterol)
Lipids: What are EXAMPLES?
Humans: Fat is stored in adipose cells; the body can store more lipids than carbohydrates
Plasma membranes (both plants and animals)
Waxes can form water-proof coverings of plant leaves
Lipids: WHERE are they located in living things?
Fats: lard, butter, mayonnaise (saturated, from animals)
Oils: vegetable oil, peanut oil (unsaturated, from plants)
Lipids: What FOODS are they in?
Brown paper bag test: lipids will leave a shiny translucent spot after any liquids have evaporated.
Lipids: How do you TEST for them in foods?
Lipids are the main source of STORED (long term) ENERGY
BIG IDEA:
ProteinsOrganic Compound #3
Carbon[C], Hydrogen [H]Oxygen [O]Nitrogen [N]
Organic – because it has C-H bonds)
Protein: What ELEMENTS (atoms) make up its structure?
Amino Acids
Proteins: What are the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers, subunits)?
There are 20 different amino acids!
1. Structural support in cell membranes and muscle tissue
2. Transport3. Regulate chemical reactions (enzymes)4. Act as chemical messengers (hormones)5. Protection (antibodies defend against
infections)
Proteins: What are the FUNCTIONS?
Proteins: What are some EXAMPLES?
1. Hemoglobin – carries oxygen on red blood cells
2. Insulin – regulates blood glucose
3. Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions
4. Antibodies – fight infections
Proteins: What FOODS are they in?
Lipids: How do you TEST for them in foods? Biurets Solution – turns from blue to
pink/purple
Blue Purple/Pink
Organic Molecule #4Nucleic Acids
Structure:
Elements/Atoms: C, H, O, N, P
(phosphorus)
Building Block (Monomer): Nucleotide◦ 3 parts of a nucleotide:
Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen base
Functions
1. To store and transmit (pass on) hereditary (genetic) information
2. To provide instructions for making proteins
Examples
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid