organic molecules by dawn thompson organic molecules

13
ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON

Upload: gwenda-owen

Post on 29-Dec-2015

237 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

ORGANIC MOLECULES

BYDAWN THOMPSON

Page 2: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

Organic molecules

Page 3: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

Carbohydrates

Page 4: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

CARBOHYDRATES ELEMENTS: C H O H:O = 2:1 BUILDING BLOCKS: monosaccharides (glucose,

simple sugars) FUNCTIONS:1. preferred energy source - glucose/short term glycogen/long term 2. storage material – starch/plants glycogen/animals

3. structural material- cellulose/plant cell wall

chitin/fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton

SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread

End in ose

Page 5: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

More carbohydrate info

MonoS: single sugar unit C6H12O6

glucose, fructose DiS: double sugar unit C12H22O11

sucrose. PolyS: many glucose units (C12H10O5)n

arranged differently cellulose, glycogen, starch

Page 6: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

Proteins

Page 7: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

PROTEIN ELEMENTS: C H O N sometimes P and S BUILDING BLOCKS: amino acids 20 types variable

amino gp carboxyl gp FUNCTIONS: 1. growth and repair 2. enzymes – speed reactions

3. hormones –insulin, controls blood sugar

4. nails, hair, muscle, hemoglobin 5. last resort source of energy

SOURCES: dairy products, peanuts, meat

Page 8: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

BONDING OF AMINO ACIDS

Amino acids bond together making proteins.

C—N peptide bond forms between amino acids

Amino acids end in ine or ate

Page 9: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

Lipids

Page 10: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

LIPIDS ELEMENTS: C H O #H huge compared to O

BUILDING BLOCKS: fatty acids and glycerol (E)

FUNCTIONS: 1. energy source

2. insulation

3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane

SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat

Page 11: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

Other info about lipids Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid Insoluble Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids

with single bonds along C chain, animal lipids. Not good, solid.

Unsaturated fats: contain double bond/s along C chain. Plant lipids, good, liquid.

Waxes Phospholipids Steroids: cholesterol

Page 12: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

Nucleic acids

Page 13: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

NUCLEIC ACIDS ELEMENTS: C H O P BUILDING BLOCKS: nucleotides

Sugar+phosphate+N base

FUNCTIONS: 1. genetic blueprints 2. transferring information

EXAMPLES: DNA, RNA,