Organic Molecules

Lipid Structure• Monomer: Fatty Acid• Polymer: Lipid• Fats, Oils, Waxes• Phospholipid Stucture (3 parts):

– “Head” of glycerol & phosphate(polar) – “Tail” of 2 fattys (non-polar)

• Make up the cell membrane– Lipids & Proteins compose the cell membrane

Phospholipid

Lipid StructureGlycerol moleculeTriglyceride:

• Structure (2 parts)– “head” = glycerol– “Tail” = 3 fatty acids

• Function– Provide Energy for cells– Insulation– Cholesterol: Gives cell membrane flexibility

Saturated Fats

• Long chain of C-C bonds (all single bonds)

• Each C is “saturated” with H atoms• Single bonds are easier to compact =

solid at room temps• Very common in animal fats

Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids.

think

Unsaturated Fats

• Long chain of C-C bonds (some double bonds)

• Double bonds• Prevent H from attaching• make “kinks”, which are not easily

compacted = Liquid at room temps

• Plant fatsthink

Normally, blood flows freely through a vein

Blood veinRBC

Too much saturated fats…

Blood veinRBC

RBC

RBCRBC

Cholesterol & saturated fatsReduced circulation…Blood clots…High blood pressure

RBC

RBCRBC

RBC

RBCRBC

RBC

RBCRBC

RBCRBC

RBC

RBC

Cholesterol levels

Which has more H?

Recap

1) What are the three parts of a phospholipid?a. Which part(s) is/are the “head”? b. Which part are the “tails”?

2) What are the two parts of a triglyceride?a. Which part(s) is/are the “head”? b. Which part are the “tails”?

3) How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ?

4) Which lipid gives cells their flexibility?5) Why are saturated fats less healthy?

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid Basics•Contain instructions to build protein•2 typesoDNAoRNA

•Made up of smaller units called nucleotidesomonomer = nucleotideoPolymer = nucleic acid

– Nucleotides are made of three parts: • a sugar • phosphate group• nitrogen base.

- Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)- Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)

A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base

deoxyribose (sugar)

Monomers link to make polymers!

Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acid!

These are the instructions for the cell to make protein.

DNA

• Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides• DNA bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

– A pairs with T– C pairs with G

• DNA stores the info required to make a protein• Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein

Predict the nucleotides to fill in this DNA chain

RNA

• 1 chain of nucleotides• RNA bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine• Copy the DNA code… deliver code to ribosome to

create a protein

Recap1) Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double

helix, Nitrogen base2) Name the monomer of nucleic acids.3) How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated?

RNA?4) Name the three parts to a nucleotide.5) What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond

with?6) If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would

the attached DNA strand read?7) How are DNA and RNA different? Same?